慢性神经病理性疼痛对大鼠脊髓背角miRNA表达的影响

目的 筛选慢性神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓背角差异表达的miRNA,并预测其调控的靶基因.方法 建立大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤CCI模型,在术后疼痛高峰期取腰膨大脊髓背角,用miRNA芯片筛选CCI大鼠差异表达的miRNAs,再用荧光实时定量RT-PCR验证差异表达的miRNAs,并利用MIRANDA、TARGETSCAN、PICTAR 3个数据库找出这些miRNA可能调控的靶基因.结果 CCI大鼠表达上调的有miR-99b,表达下调的有miR-674-3p、miR-879与miR-325-5p.RT-qPCR验证结果与芯片基本相符.预测这些miRNA可能的靶基因约26个,这些基因功能广泛.结论 慢性神经病理性疼痛可导致miRNA的表达发生变化,这些miRNA及其调控的靶基因为进一步研究奠定了基础.     

蜂胶黄酮PB3A作用下结肠癌细胞株中miRNA-198和miRNA-296-5p的表达及功能预测

目的:探讨蜂胶黄酮短叶松素-3-乙酸酯(pinobanksin-3-acetate,PB3A)对结肠癌SW480细胞微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)表达谱的影响,为结肠癌的治疗及靶向药物研发提供理论依据。方法:使用miRNA芯片技术分析检测蜂胶黄酮PB3A处理人类结肠癌SW480细胞后miRNA表达谱的变化。通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测miRNA-198和miRNA-296-5p的表达水平,以此来验证miRNA芯片结果的准确性和可靠性。利用miRWalk、Micro T、miRanda等12个网上数据库预测这2条miRNAs的靶基因并进行靶基因功能富集分析。结果:miRNA芯片分析结果显示,蜂胶黄酮PB3A干预24 h后结肠癌SW480细胞中差异表达倍数在2倍及以上的miRNA有267条,其中差异表达倍数达10倍及以上的miRNA有30条,28条为上调表达,2条下调表达;RT-qPCR实验结果显示miRNA-198和miRNA-296-5p的表达量趋势跟miRNA芯片结果一致,表达差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。miRNA靶基因预测发现miRNA-198有859个靶基因,miRNA-296-5p有906个靶基因;对这些可能被调控的靶基因进行Gene Class分析,结果显示miRNA-198和miRNA-296-5p的靶基因功能主要为转录因子、拷贝数变异、细胞分化、癌基因、蛋白激酶、组蛋白、转移癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因等(P0.05)。信号通路富集分析结果显示,miRNA-198靶基因显著富集于肿瘤通路、Wnt信号通路、胞吞通路、Erb B信号通路、黏着斑通路、黑素生成通路等信号通路,而miRNA-296-5p靶基因在MAPK信号通路、胞吞通路、轴突导向通路、Wnt信号通路、胰岛素信号通路、钙离子信号通路等信号通路中出现聚集(P0.05)。结论:蜂胶黄酮PB3A影响结肠癌SW480细胞的miRNA表达谱。PB3A作用下miRNA-198和miRNA-296-5p的异常表达可能参与PB3A抗结肠癌的过程。     

严重烫伤大鼠早期胫骨前肌组织中微小RNA表达谱数据的靶基因分析

目的初步确定严重烫伤大鼠早期胫骨前肌组织中差异表达微小RNA(miRNA)的靶基因,从而为进一步机制研究指明方向。 方法采用高通量芯片技术检测严重烫伤大鼠早期胫骨前肌miRNA表达谱数据,筛选部分差异明显且相关性较好的miNRA,包括miR-1-3p、miR-206-3p、miR-133a-3p、miR-22-3p、miR-30a-5p、miR-30d-3p、miR-190b-5p、miR-628和miR-678,利用互联网络检索数据库Mirbase、Miranda和Mirdb,对这些差异miRNA进行靶基因预测。 结果3大数据库预测结果显示差异miRNA主要调控79个靶基因,网络关系图显示了miR-1-3p、miR-206-3p、miR-133a-3p、miR-22-3p、miR-30a-5p、miR-30d-3p、miR-190b-5p、miR-628和miR-678等miRNA及其预测靶基因之间复杂的调控网络关系。 结论根据初步的预测结果,miR-1-3p和miR-206-3p共同调控的靶基因较多,可作为进一步机制研究的理论依据。     

自发性高血压大鼠延髓microRNA差异表达分析

目的　探讨自发性高血压大鼠延髓microRNA（miRNA）差异表达谱及其靶基因生物信息学分析。 方法　采用自发性高血压大鼠模型（SHR组）,同周龄SD大鼠为对照组（Control组）。利用miRNA芯片检测大鼠延髓中miRNAs差异表达谱。 结果　与对照组比较,SHR组尾动脉收缩压显著升高（P＜0.0001）;SHR组延髓组织miRNAs有显著差异表达谱,16个miRNAs表达上调和7个miRNAs表达下调（1.5-fold change cutoff, P<0.05）。qRT-PCR验证结果显示,与对照组比较,SHR组延髓miR-153、miR-193及miR-301a表达显著下降,与芯片结果一致。生物信息学分析显示,差异表达miRNAs可能调控2775个靶基因（target score≥83）。这些靶基因主要富集在12个信号通路,包括磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（Phosphatidylinositide3-kinase,PI3K）通路等。 结论　自发性高血压大鼠延髓组织中miR-153、miR-193及miR-301a明显下调,且生物信息学分析提示PI3K通路介导神经炎症可能作为高血压中枢相关差异表达miRNAs调控靶基因介导的主要致病通路。     

结肠癌化疗耐药相关miRNA表达谱的初步研究

目的:应用基因芯片技术筛选结肠癌耐药相关微小RNAs (miRNAs),探究miRNAs对化疗耐药的调控机制。方法:采用基因芯片技术分析结肠癌细胞系HCT8及其耐长春新碱细胞系HCT8/v中miRNAs的表达差异,对部分差异表达的miRNAs应用RT-qPCR进行验证,对表达差异显著的miRNAs进行靶基因预测,利用Gene Ontology (GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据库对预测到的靶基因进行生物信息学分析。结果:筛选出342个差异表达miRNAs,其中190个表达上调,152个表达下调。RT-qPCR验证结果示miR-125-5p、miR-181c-5p和miR-153-3的表达情况和芯片检测结果一致;miR-130a-3p和miR-149-3p的表达与芯片检测结果不一致。GO分析结果显示,耐药相关基因主要富集的旁路是RNA聚合酶II调控区序列特异性DNA结合旁路,主要通过正向调节发挥作用,位置主要是在细胞内有界细胞器上。KEGG分析结果显示,耐药相关基因最为富集的是轴突导向通路、胰岛素信号通路及磷脂酶D信号通路。结论:miRNAs与结肠癌化疗耐药密切相关。对这些miRNAs的研究能使我们对结肠癌的化疗耐药机制有更深入的理解,并为逆转化疗耐药提供新的思路。     

采用非标记microRNA芯片筛选早产胎盘差异表达microRNA

目的应用非标记microRNA芯片筛选在早产胎盘组织中差异表达的miRNA,并分析其相关的靶基因。方法收集早产儿16例为病例组,同期健康足月产儿18例为对照组,取胎盘组织。通过非标记miRNA芯片技术构建早产胎盘组织miRNA表达谱,采用荧光实时定量PCR进行验证,并分析差异表达miRNAs的靶基因。结果 miRNA芯片结果显示44种miRNAs在早产胎盘组织和对照组胎盘组织中差异表达,其中下调表达的11种,上调表达的33种,荧光实时定量PCR验证出miR-493-3p显著下调,mi R-4632-5p显著上调,与芯片结果一致。经软件分析,miRNA靶基因有IL16、SH2D2A、CCNG2、PHB、WNT1、CCDC92、GIT1和ST7L等相关靶基因。结论早产胎盘组织中存在差异表达的miRNAs,提示这些差异表达的miRNAs在早产的发生中有重要的调控作用。     

基于microRNA差异表达探讨恶性纤维组织细胞瘤致病机制

目的 应用芯片表达分析技术探讨miRNA在恶性纤维组织细胞瘤发病机制中的作用.方法 利用miRCURYTM LNA miRNA表达谱芯片技术高通量筛选NMFH1与MSC、HSF、MRC-5和HT-1080细胞系差异表达miRNA,筛选靶基因,分析调控作用机制.结果 筛查NMFH1与4种对照组细胞系差异表达miRNA,选取与所有正常样本对比均下调miR-222、miR-186及miR-933,均上调miR-886-3p、miR-886-5p、miR-183、miR-340及miR-BART7进行qRT-PCR实验,验证芯片数据可靠性.基于生物信息学方法挖掘miRNA靶基因,构建基因调控网络,基于功能组注释信息分析NMFH1风险疾病基因及通路,揭示MFH恶性病变机制.结论 miRNA在肿瘤样本与正常细胞系间显著差异表达,是参与MFH发生发展过程的重要调控因子,发挥负调控基因表达作用,使肿瘤细胞逃避正常生长调控机制,无限增殖和转移,出现恶性表型.     

血清外泌体miRNAs在鉴别诊断子宫内膜重度不典型增生和高分化子宫内膜癌中作用研究

目的 研究血清外泌体miRNAs表达谱对子宫内膜重度不典型增生和高分化子宫内膜癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法 前瞻性研究2020年6月至2021年6月期间来我院就诊的子宫内膜重度不典型增生（n=9）和高分化子宫内膜癌组患者（n=9）,以及同期正常子宫内膜组（n=3）,通过miRNA微阵列芯片筛选差异性表达的血清外泌体miRNAs,荧光实时定量RT-PCR进一步检测微阵列芯片已筛选出显著差异的血清外泌体miRNAs,ROC曲线检测血清外泌体miRNA在子宫内膜重度不典型增生和高分化子宫内膜癌鉴别诊断效能。结果 通过微阵列芯片分析,本研究发现8个在高分化子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜正常中差异表达的血清外泌体miRNA（如miRNA-31、miRNA-92a、miRNA-115、miRNA-125、miRNA-142-3p、miRNA-155、miRNA-21和miRNA-451等表达水平不同）;与子宫内膜重度不典型增生相比,高分化子宫内膜癌患者血清外泌体中表达较低的miRNA（如miRNA-26、miRNA-221、miRNA-518d-5p和miRNA-708）,表达较高的miRNA(miRNA-10a...     

COPD动态miRNA表达谱的构建及生物信息学分析

目的构建慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)动态大鼠模型不同时期肺组织miRNA表达谱,并对差异表达的miRNAs进行生物信息学分析,以了解COPD发生发展中miRNAs变化规律及可能涉及相关机制。方法 1)将大鼠随机分为对照组、吸烟2、4、6、8周组和15周+气管内滴注猪胰弹性蛋白酶组,每组5只,病理学观察其形态学改变;2)取对照组、吸烟4周和15周+气管内滴注猪胰弹性蛋白酶组大鼠肺组织各2例,用于miRNA表达谱芯片分析;3)实时荧光定量PCR法验证芯片数据;4)运用生物信息学法对miRNA表达谱进行靶基因预测及聚类分析。结果 1)成功建立COPD动态大鼠模型,该鼠肺组织早期以出现炎性细胞浸润为主,晚期出现肺气肿改变的动态病理变化;2)成功建立miRNAs动态表达谱,熏烟4周组共30个miRNAs异常表达,熏烟15周组共37个miRNAs异常表达;3)实时荧光定量PCR法证实miR-146a、miR-21、miR-206和miR-181a变化趋势与芯片一致;4)生物信息学分析显示异常表达的miRNAs可能与COPD发病机制密切相关。结论 1)成功构建动态COPD大鼠模型及miRNA表达谱。2)通过生物信息学分析异常表达的miRNA可能在COPD发病机制中发挥重要作用。     

基质细胞衍生因子1诱导骨关节炎软骨细胞的miRNA表达谱分析

背景:骨关节炎是多因素介导的复杂疾病,发病机制尚待挖掘,随着基因层面的不断深入研究,非编码核糖核酸调控作用显现并得以研究。通过检测软骨细胞退变miRNA表达谱变化有助于更好地理解骨软骨细胞退变的分子机制,并为骨关节炎的诊断和治疗开辟新的途径。目的:探讨基质细胞衍生因子1刺激骨关节炎软骨细胞后miRNA表达谱变化,为基因层面延缓关节软骨退变提供实验基础。方法:对10例膝关节骨关节炎患者于全膝关节置换手术过程中截骨后残留的软骨组织进行软骨细胞培养,随机分为实验组与对照组,两组细胞培养基为含体积分数10%胎牛血清及青链霉素双抗的高糖DMEM培养基。实验组培养基中另外加入100μg/L基质细胞衍生因子1,对照组不做任何处理。两组软骨细胞培养48 h后,进行下一步实验用于miRNA芯片筛选和实时定量PCR验证。软骨组织标本取材前皆告知患者并征得同意,该研究符合《医疗机构管理条例》相关要求,获得昆明医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:miRNA基因芯片初筛共有84个miRNAs发生变化,其中70个miRNAs上调,14个miRNAs下调。通过基因芯片筛选差异变化的miRNA,对变化显著的7个miRNA(miR-146a-5p、miR-124-3p、miR-130a-3p、miR-185-5p、miR-221-3p、miR-126-3p)进行qRT-PCR实验验证,其中miR-146a-5p、miR-124-3p及miR-126-3p的qRT-PCR结果与基因芯片结果一致。结果表明,基质细胞衍生因子1刺激骨关节炎软骨细胞后循环miRNA表达谱出现明显变化,miR-146a-5p、miR-124-3p及miR-126-3p可能与基质细胞衍生因子1刺激骨关节炎SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路反应有关。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.