Persian Architecture and Mathematics: An Overview

NNJ Guest Editor Reza Sarhangi introduces the Editorial Committee for this issue: Carol Bier, B. Lynn Bodner, Douglas Dunham, Mohammad Gharipour, and Hooman Koliji, and the papers dedicated to Persian Architecture and Mathematics in NNJ vol. 14, no. 2 (Autumn 2012).     

中国古典建筑设计对于现代城市建筑设计伦理的启示

建筑设计是人类为了满足自身的居住需要而进行的一项创造性活动,通过对现代建筑设计进行的深刻反思,以及分析中国古典建筑的伦理意识以及审美形态等,从宽泛意义上的伦理学角度思考,引出研究中国古典建筑伦理特点的必要性,试图从设计伦理层面来启示现代建筑设计与中国古典文化精神互通的可能性。     

建筑设计中的女性思维

当今世界建筑的设计思维发生着改变,女性思维逐渐被提上了日程。本文通过分析两位当今顶级女建筑师的作品及其思想,来阐述女性思维对建筑设计所产生的影响。根据我国的基本现状,提出了在建筑设计中发展女性思维的重要性及方法。     

“语境化”的设计——国学与中国思维方式

西方的艺术设计内在的植入当代中国的设计中,一直是人言人殊,又常说常新的话题。通常我们说"本土化",而在文化层面上就是"语境化",今天中国设计已必然与中国本身的文化传统或民族性发生关系。中国设计中内植的融入中国人特有的思维方式,以设计和视觉的角度解读中国古典文献,用发展着的动态的创作理论去对待中国设计。     

Interlocking Star Polygons in Persian Architecture: The Special Case of the Decagram in Mosaic Designs

This article analyzes a particular series of Persian mosaic designs illustrated in historical scrolls and appearing on the surfaces of historical monuments. The common element in these designs is a special ten-pointed star polygon, called a decagram for convenience; it is the dominant geometric shape in several polyhedral tessellations. This decagram can be created through the rotation of two concentric congruent regular pentagons with a radial distance of 36° from each others?? central angles. To create a decagram-based interlocking pattern, however, a craftsman-mathematician would need to take careful steps to locate a fundamental region. A modular approach to pattern-making seems to be more applicable for this design than compass-straightedge constructions. Such designs include patterns that are sometimes called aperiodic or quasi-periodic tilings in the language of modern mathematics.     

浅谈软件体系结构思想在SOA中的应用

近年来,软件体系结构逐渐成为软件工程领域的研究热点.而作为一种新兴的面向服务体系结构思想的SOA体现了软件体系结构思想的成熟运用,有其自身独到的优势.     

Subjective Well-being Across the Lifespan in Europe and Central Asia

Using data from the Integrated Values Survey (IVS), the Life in Transition Survey (LiTS), and the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS), we analyse the relation between age and subjective well-being in the World Bank’s Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region and compare it to that in Western Europe. Although our results generally confirm previous studies’ findings of a U-shaped relation between subjective well-being and age for most of the lifecycle, we also find that well-being in ECA declines again after the 70s, giving rise to an S-shape relation across the entire lifespan. When controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, this pattern generally remains robust for most of our cross-sectional and panel analyses. Hence, despite significant heterogeneity in the pattern of well-being across the lifespan within the ECA region, we do not observe high levels of cross-country or cross-cohort variation.     

利用点和平面间的对偶性设计可展面

基于点和平面间的对偶性原理 ,提出了一种设计四次样条上可展面的方法 ,讨论了所设计可展面的特点和几何构造 ,并以中心点表示控制平面的方式对曲面的设计进行了较详细的实例分析 文中的设计方法直接、简单、有效 ,实例表明设计结果良好     

设计中抽象思维和形象思维的作用

通过分析抽象思维和形象思维在设计构思过程中的特点,研究两种思维能力在设计中的联系,从而理解其发挥的作用。本文力求寻找形象思维和抽象思维两种能力的有效结合的途径,从而促进设计发展,真正提高设计者的能力。     

Gazing: An approach to the problem of definition and lemma use

A major outstanding problem in automated theorem proving research is determining the appropriate use of definitions and previously proved theorems within a proof. Presenting the theorem prover with only the formulae that are necessary for the proof might be viewed as ‘cheating’ and requires that the user prove the theorem ahead of time. In real world applications of theorem proving, this is almost certain to be infeasible. On the other hand providing the prover with all formulae that might be relevant rapidly swamps the prover with unnecessary information. A technique for the selective retrieval of formulae based on features of those formulae and the conjecture at hand is required to solve this problem. In this paper I describe an abstraction-based technique which addresses this problem. Implicit hypotheses such as definitions, axioms and previously proved theorems are stored in a database which may be accessed by a heuristic rule of inference calledgazing. Before accessing this database the gazing rule plans the use of these formulae in a hierarchy of abstraction spaces. When the planning phase is complete, the system can use the indicated formulae with some confidence that they are relevant to the proof. Since the technique is abstraction-based, no guarantee that the plant will be eventually applicable or successful can be made. However, because the plans are built by considering increasing amounts of detail, the number of ways in which the application of a plan can fail is limited. Plan failures may be ‘patched’ in a uniform way.     

面向构件框架的研究与设计

面向构件软件开发的主要思想是使用现存的构件来建构软件系统,是提高软件开发效率和质量的有效途径,可复用的构件在软件复用技术中作用重大。该文首先阐述了构件的概念和面向构件技术优点,研究并设计了一种面向构件的架构,接着结合现行主流的开源框架,以eclilpse插件的方式给予实现和检验;最后,对面向构件技术的发展进行了展望。     

Computational Organicism: Examining Evolutionary Design Strategies in Architecture

The diverse forms of nature, in particular and biological forms, have long been a preoccupation of the architect. As a special category of natural form, biological organisms exhibit extraordinary levels of design adaptability across multiple generations based upon the inherent ‘intelligence’ of the evolutionary mechanism. Evolutionary design theory in architecture seeks to harness this generative intelligence as the foundation for a new architectural design process. This paper investigates the lineage of evolutionary thought in architectural design, paying particular attention to the current trend towards experimentation with generative algorithmic procedures and the theorization of an evolutionary architecture.     

一个工作负载驱动并行结构模拟器的设计与实现

简单介绍了并行多处理机结构模拟现状,讨论了一个实际工作负载驱动模拟器的设计与实现。     

浅析建筑造型的仿生设计

伴随着自然的演绎和当今居住环境的巨大变化,仿生设计艺术越来越广泛地应用到建筑设计领域当中。该论文通过研究仿生设计来体现其自然形态,为设计找到表现方式,为传达设计的内涵提供素材,使我们从自然形态中受到启迪。     

面向构件框架的研究与设计

面向构件软件开发的主要思想是使用现存的构件来建构软件系统,是提高软件开发效率和质量的有效途径,可复用的构件在软件复用技术中作用重大．该文首先阐述了构件的概念和面向构件技术优点,研究并设计了一种面向构件的架构,接着结合现行主流的开源框架,以eclilpse插件的方式给予实现和检验;最后,对面向构件技术的发展进行了展望。     

粗粒度数据流网络处理器体系结构及原型系统设计

网络处理器是一种支持高速报文处理和转发的可编程通信集成电路.作为路由器中的重要组件,网络处理器设计不但强调高性能,还要求足够的灵活性以支持未来的网络协议.针对控制流网络处理器固定拓扑结构及指令级并行性开发方面的不足,采用粗粒度数据流设计思想,提出了一种粗粒度数据流网络处理器体系结构及原型--DynaNP.DynaNP不但可利用处理引擎内控制流执行方式获得高可编程性,还利用处理引擎间数据流执行方式有效开发报文处理中的任务级并行性.此外,DynaNP提供了处理路径动态配置机制,可有效提高系统流量.DynaNP的原型系统基于SoPC技术设计实现.多个PE和功能模块通过片上高速通信网络连接,其中,核心处理引擎采用嵌入式RISC处理器核LEON3实现,并采用指令集扩展技术优化网络协议处理.该原型系统可有效验证粗粒度数据流网络处理器的功能和关键技术.     

虚拟仪器软件结构--VISA函数的设计与实现

针对BC1401系列GPIB接口卡,编制了一套相应的VISA函数.介绍了VISA函数的基本结构,概述了VISA函数的总体设计思想,并以ViOpenDefaultRM、ViFindRsrc、ViGetAttribute、ViSetAttribute为例详细叙述了这些函数的实现方法.     

军事应用网格MAGrid功能层分析与设计

在提出新的军事应用网格MAGrid概念的基础上,采用将网格计算技术和软件Agent技术相结合的方法,构建了MAGrid的Agent功能层,分别介绍了它的总体设计、本体设计和策略设计。总体设计包括网格Agent的层次结构和分类;本体设计包括对网格Agent进行描述的概念框架;策略设计包括面向应用的网格Agent管理、调度策略。     

Framing Design Thinking: The Concept in Idea and Enactment

The concept of design thinking (DT) has emerged in management debates as promising innovation inspired by the way designers work. Despite the growing interest in DT, it is a difficult concept to study due to the lack of coherence between what DT ‘is’ in academic and practical terms. While there are numerous normative and often process‐focused depictions of DT, they seem limited in their ability to account for what occurs in practice. Given the discussion of DT as a concept, and emerging discussion of its enactment, a framing is needed that acknowledges both aspects. This paper proposes a framing of DT that makes it researchable in both theory and practice, and discusses commonalities and discrepancies in how the concept is usually portrayed in the literature. The paper builds on an empirical interview study in six large organizations, which led to the development of a framework structure and the identification of five themes characterizing DT: User focus, Problem framing, Visualization, Experimentation and Diversity. Each theme is associated with specific principles/mindsets, practices and techniques. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a framework that includes DT both as an idea and as the enactment of the idea, inspired by the works of Latour.