"一步法"制备纳米相丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石生物复合材料

系统分析了羟基磷灰石(HA)的制备方法和丝素蛋白纤维(SF)的溶解方法,提出一种制备纳米丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石生物复合材料(SF/HA)的新型反应复合方法--"一步法".并对由"一步法"制得的SF/HA分别进行了钙磷比测定、红外光谱测试、透射电镜观察和x射线衍射测试.结果表明:SF/HA中的钙磷比是1.6692,与标准HA中的钙磷比1.67一致;SF/HA中同时含有SF和HA中各自的官能团;SF/HA的晶粒横向尺度小于100nm,SF/HA呈针状或柱状晶粒,SF和HA能够形成复合;SF/HA的晶型属于六方晶系,当SF在SF/HA中所占质量分数为10%时,晶胞参数a=b=9.0319(A),c=7.0148(A),沿c轴方向平均品粒尺寸是230.7645(A)."一步法"制备SF/HA具有合理性和可行性.     

纳米羟基磷灰石／丝素蛋白多孔支架材料的制备和表征

采用硝酸钙-丝素蛋白溶液与磷酸钠反应仿生合成纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白(n-HA/SF)复合材料,并以NaHCO3和NaCl为致孔剂制备了多孔复合支架材料,采用TEM、IR、SEM和EDX对其进行了表征.结果表明,复合材料中HA的粒径在20～50nm之间,是一种CO2-3部分替代型弱结晶类骨针晶,在形貌和尺寸等方面类似于人体骨磷灰石晶体;HA和SF两相间存在强烈的键合作用,复合支架材料呈高度多孔结构,孔壁上富含微孔,孔隙间贯通性高.EDX分析结果表明,HA在有机基体中分布均匀,钙磷元素比为1.66,当复合材料和致孔剂的比例为1:0.5时,其抗压强度可达20.23MPa.     

生物陶瓷及其复合材料表面诱导类骨磷灰石层形成的研究

钙磷生物材料表面类骨磷灰石层的形成对其植入体内诱导新骨生成起非常重要的作用.本实验采用2倍模拟体液(2×SBF)为介质,通过仿生浸泡的方法研究了羟基磷灰石(HA)陶瓷及其复合材料羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸(HA/PLA)、羟基磷灰石/聚己內脂(HA/PCL)、羟基磷灰石/丝素(HA/SF)和羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖(HA/CS)表面诱导类骨磷灰石层形成的差异.实验结果表明,HA陶瓷及其复合材料在2×SBF溶液中仿生浸泡7d后,各样品表面均有一层厚度不同的类骨磷灰石层生成.并且该类骨磷灰石层的结晶度较低,晶粒较细(15～30nm),与人体自然骨无机物的结构非常类似.其中,在这4种复合材料中,HA/CS和HA/SF复合材料中因丝素蛋白和壳聚糖富含多种功能基团,能有效促进类骨磷灰石晶体的形核和生长,因而诱导类骨磷灰石生成的能力最强,显示其良好的生物活性.     

羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白复合材料的制备

以蚕丝丝素蛋白(SF)作为羟基磷灰石(HA)沉积的模板,制备HA/SF复合粉末,用扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对复合粉末进行分析和鉴定。结果表明,合成产物是HA/SF复合物,其平均粒径约为275.7 nm,其中丝素蛋白含量为17.8%(质量分数)。复合粉末经等静压成型后能够制得弯曲和压缩强度分别为19.87 M Pa和28.65 M Pa的HA/SF复合材料,以N aC l为致孔剂能够制得平均孔径约为61μm、孔隙率为40%的多孔HA/SF复合材料。     

丝素蛋白含量对纳米羟基磷灰石仿生矿化和体外细胞相容性的影响

通过制备含有不同丝素蛋白(SF)含量的丝素蛋白/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料, 着重研究丝素蛋白含量对纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)仿生矿化过程中晶体成核与生长及体外细胞相容性的影响. 结果表明: SF的加入对n-HA晶体的成核和生长具有明显的调控作用; 丝素含量的大小对n-HA晶体成核和生长没有明显的区别, 但对晶粒在有机大分子中的聚集状态有明显的影响: 当SF含量不超过20wt%时, n-HA晶粒呈现放射状团簇, 当SF含量超过20wt%时, n-HA晶粒无序团聚. 体外细胞相容性结果显示, SF的加入可以促进材料与细胞的界面亲和性, 但SF含量对这种亲和性的影响不明显, 20wt%和30wt%的SF含量对增殖能力具有较强的促进作用.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白/聚己内酯复合超细纤维的制备及表征

通过静电纺丝法制备出纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白/聚己内酯复合超细纤维,利用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪对纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白/聚己内酯复合超细纤维形貌和结构进行表征,并进行了拉伸测试。结果表明,随着超细纤维中羟基磷灰石含量的增加,纤维的直径逐渐降低,纤维中聚己内酯的结晶逐渐变差。相比于丝素蛋白/聚己内酯超细纤维,含有质量比为30%羟基磷灰石的复合超细纤维仍具有较好的力学性能。体外小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)培养表明,纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白/聚己内酯复合超细纤维对细胞没有毒性。     

纳米羟基磷灰石／丝素蛋白生物复合材料的制备和表征

采用硝酸钙-丝素蛋白溶液与磷酸钠原位合成纳米羟基磷灰石(HA),在反应过程中丝蛋白(SF)诱导HA晶体生长,仿生合成HA/SF复合材料,用TEM、IR、TGA、XRD和SEM进行表征。结果表明,HA为CO23-部分替代型,粒径为10 nm~40 nm之间的弱结晶类骨晶体,在形貌和结晶度等方面与人体骨磷灰石相似。HA/SF复合材料中丝蛋白的含量约为25%,HA和SF两相存在强烈化学键合作用。SEM观察结果表明,HA微粒被SF完全包裹,两者之间没有明显相分离。     

丝素蛋白/纳米生物玻璃复合多孔支架的结构与性能

采用冷冻干燥法制备了丝素蛋白(SF)/纳米生物玻璃(NBG)复合多孔支架材料。并用XRD、FT-IR、SEM等对SF/NBG复合支架进行了结构与性能表征。结果表明,SF/NBG复合多孔支架孔连通性较好,孔径为150～300μm,孔隙率为80.6%～90.3%;同时NBG的加入促进了复合多孔支架中SF的构象部分由无规卷曲向β-折叠转变。复合多孔支架抗压强度和抗压模量相比于纯SF多孔支架有较大提高。采用模拟体液浸泡实验研究了复合支架的体外生物活性,并用XRD、FT-IR和FESEM对试样表面进行了表征。结果显示,复合多孔支架经模拟体液浸泡7d后,表面沉积出类骨羟基磷灰石(HA)层,NBG的加入能加快复合多孔支架表面沉积类骨HA的速度。研究结果显示SF/NBG复合多孔支架材料有望作为生物活性良好的骨组织修复材料。     

纳米羟基磷灰石丝素蛋白仿生矿化材料的制备研究

以Ca(NO₃)₂与Na₃PO₄为无机相的前驱体,将丝素蛋白直接溶于Ca(NO₃)₂溶液中,不经过脱盐处理,直接滴入Na₃PO₄溶液中反应,在37℃下丝素蛋白和羟基磷灰石晶体之间相互作用,仿生合成了纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)丝素蛋白(SF)生物矿化材料.用FTIR、XRD、XPS和SEM进行表征.结果表明,羟基磷灰石和丝素蛋白两相间具有较强的化学键合,矿化材料中无机相包含少量碳酸根,为缺钙类骨羟基磷灰石并且呈现一定的长轴取向性,说明丝素蛋白大分子对羟基磷灰石晶体的成核和生长起着模板和调控作用.矿化物颗粒尺寸在50~200nm之间,其抗压强度为32.21MPa,可作为非承重部位骨组织缺损修复材料.     

β-CaSiO_3/丝素蛋白复合支架材料结构与性能的研究

利用冷冻干燥法制备了β-CaSiO_3/丝素蛋白复合支架材料,经XRD和FTIR分析表明复合支架中丝素的结构主要以β-折叠为主;SEM分析显示材料孔隙分布均匀,孔连通性较好,孔径尺寸约为100～300μm.对支架的孔隙率和机械强度等性能进行了表征,研究表明复合支架的孔隙率为83%～87%,机械强度有较大提高.应用模拟体液浸泡实验研究了复合支架的体外生物活性,并用XRD、FESEM和EDS对试样表面进行了表征;结果显示,样品经模拟体液浸泡3天后,表面都能沉积出类骨羟基磷灰石(HA)层,β-CaSiO_3的加入能加快复合支架表面沉积类骨HA的速度.研究结果显示β-CaSiO_3/丝素蛋白复合支架材料有望作为强度较好的生物活性硬组织修复材料.     

Silk RGD融合蛋白修饰羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白支架对成骨细胞生长的影响

通过浸渍吸附的方法, 用桑蚕丝素-RGD融合蛋白(简称Silk-RGD)对多孔状磷灰石/丝素蛋白(HA/SF)复合支架材料进行表面修饰, 研究了复合支架材料在不同浓度Silk-RGD蛋白溶液中浸渍后对两种不同成骨细胞MG-63和MC3T3-E1黏附、增殖和分化的影响。结果表明, Silk-RGD融合蛋白修饰的复合支架材料的细胞黏附性能显著高于未经修饰的对照组, 且其促黏附性能具有Silk-RGD浓度依赖性; 体外培养7天时, 细胞增殖能力较对照组更显著,当Silk-RGD的吸附量为11 μg/mg时, MG-63的增殖率较对照样提高了21%, MC3T3-E1提高了50%; 而碱性磷酸酶活性检测结果显示, 复合支架经Silk-RGD表面修饰后对MC3T3-E1细胞的分化有一定的促进作用, 但对MG-63细胞的影响不明显。      

Novel silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite composite films: Structure and properties

Novel composite films of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite films, with glycerin as an additive, were fabricated by means of co-precipitation, where the theoretical HA content was varied from 2 (w/w)% to 31 (w/w)%. The structure and properties of the composite films were investigated by SEM, XRD, AFM, TGA and tensile testing. The results showed that the composite films were smooth and transparent with the uniform distribution of HA into the composites when the final HA content was lower than 21 (w/w)%. XRD and TGA data showed that the silk fibroin in the composites was predominantly in a β-sheet crystalline structure, which was induced not only by the addition of glycerin, also by the HA crystal growth during the composite fabrication, leading to the thermal stable composite films. On the other hand, the HA crystals had the anisotropic growth with high extent of lattice imperfection and the preferential orientation along c-axis, probably promoted by the silk fibroin. The mechanical testing results showed that both break strain and stress were declined with the increase of HA content in the composites, presumably due to the original brittleness of HA compound.     

静电纺丝天然-人工合成聚合物复合纳米纤维及其对细胞黏附、增殖和迁移的影响

生物材料组成成分对细胞生物功能有不同的影响。利用静电纺丝技术制备了基于聚己内酯(PCL,polycaprolactone)的不同天然蛋白、多糖(丝素蛋白(SF,silk fibroin)、透明质酸(HA,hyaluronicacid))的混合组分纳米纤维,采用了扫描电镜和接触角对纳米纤维进行基础表征。同时,进一步考察了纳米纤维作为组织工程支架的可行性。研究结果表明SF组分能增加材料的可纺性,有利于细胞的前期黏附,并能够促进细胞增殖。HA组分可以改善材料的亲水性,增加细胞伪足并促进细胞迁移。重要的是,PCL/SF/HA纳米纤维能同时结合SF和HA的优点,有望在组织工程领域得到应用。     

A novel electrospun silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite hybrid nanofibers

A novel electrospinning of silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite hybrid nanofibers with different composition ratios was performed with methanoic acid as a spinning solvent. The silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite hybrids containing up to 30% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles could be electrospun into the continuous fibrous structure. The electrospun silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite hybrid nanofibers showed bigger diameter and wider diameter distribution than pure silk fibroin nanofibers, and the average diameter gradually increased from 95 to 582 nm. At the same time, the secondary structure of silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite nanofibers was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared analysis, and DSC measurement. Comparing with the pure silk fibroin nanofibers, the crystal structure of silk fibroin was mainly amorphous structure in the hybrid nanofibers. X-ray diffraction results demonstrated the hydroxyapatite crystalline nature remained as evidenced from the diffraction planes (002), (211), (300), and (202) of the hydroxyapatite crystallites, which was also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The thermal behavior of hybrid nanofibers exhibited the endothermic peak of moisture evaporation ranging from 86 to 113 °C, and the degradation peak at 286 °C appeared. The SF/HAp nanofibers mats containing 30% HAp nanoparticles showed higher breaking tenacity and extension at break for 1.1688 ± 0.0398 MPa and 6.55 ± 1.95%, respectively. Therefore, the electrospun silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite hybrid nanofibers should be provided potentially useful options for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.     

Nano-scaled hydroxyapatite/polymer composite III. Coating of sintered hydroxyapatite particles on poly(4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride)-grafted silk fibroin fibers

A novel composite coupling between nano-scaled hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles and poly[4-methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META)]-grafted silk fibroin (SF) through ionic interaction was synthesized. The weight gain of poly(4-META) by graft-polymerization increased with increasing the reaction time, eventually reaching a plateau value of about 20 wt%. The HAp nano-particles were adsorbed equally and dispersively on the treated SF fiber surface. The HAp content in the composite was 4.554 wt% ± 0.098 (n = 4), confirmed by thermogravimetry (TG). This synthetic system requires no heat to connect HAp to SF and is useful when applying to non-heat-resistant polymers. The L-929 cell-adhesion test shows that the HAp/SF composite improves bioactivity compared to the original SF.     

Synthesis and properties of calcium hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin organomineral composites

The coprecipitation of calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₃) and silk fibroin (SF) from an aqueous solution in the Ca(NO₃)₂–(NH₄)₂HPO₄–NH₃–H₂O–SF system has been used to synthesize HA/SF organomineral composites based on nanocrystalline HA, containing 2, 5, and 10 wt % SF. The synthesis products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis.     

Preparation,characterization and biological test of 3D-scaffolds based on chitosan,fibroin and hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering

This work describes the preparation and characterization of porous 3D-scaffolds based on chitosan (CHI), chitosan/silk fibroin (CHI/SF) and chitosan/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (CHI/SF/HA) by freeze drying. The biomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In addition, studies of porosity, pore size, contact angle and biological response of SaOs-2osteoblastic cells were performed. The CHI scaffolds have a porosity of 94.2 ± 0.9%, which is statistically higher than the one presented by CHI/SF/HA scaffolds, 89.7 ± 2.6%. Although all scaffolds were able to promote adhesion, growth and maintenance of osteogenic differentiation of SaOs-2 cells, the new 3D-scaffold based on CHI/SF/HA showed a significantly higher cell growth at 7 days and 21 days and the level of alkaline phosphatase at 14 and 21 days was statistically superior compared to other tested materials.     

Tissue response and biodegradation of composite scaffolds prepared from Thai silk fibroin,gelatin and hydroxyapatite

This work aimed to investigate tissue responses and biodegradation, both in vitro and in vivo, of four types of Bombyx mori Thai silk fibroin based-scaffolds. Thai silk fibroin (SF), conjugated gelatin/Thai silk fibroin (CGSF), hydroxyapatite/Thai silk fibroin (SF4), and hydroxyapatite/conjugated gelatin/Thai silk fibroin (CGSF4) scaffolds were fabricated using salt-porogen leaching, dehydrothermal/chemical crosslinking and an alternate soaking technique for mineralization. In vitro biodegradation in collagenase showed that CGSF scaffolds had the slowest biodegradability, due to the double crosslinking by dehydrothermal and chemical treatments. The hydroxyapatite deposited from alternate soaking separated from the surface of the protein scaffolds when immersed in collagenase. From in vivo biodegradation studies, all scaffolds could still be observed after 12 weeks of implantation in subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats and also following ISO10993-6: Biological evaluation of medical devices. At 2 and 4 weeks of implantation the four types of Thai silk fibroin based-scaffolds were classified as “non-irritant” to “slight-irritant”, compared to Gelfoam^® (control samples). These natural Thai silk fibroin-based scaffolds may provide suitable biomaterials for clinical applications.