自己动手,丰衣足食

忽然之间,通胀了。超市里,米贵了,面贵了,油贵了,连卷纸都在涨。菜场里,青菜贵了,海鲜贵了,各种肉也贵了。一时之间,贵气袭来,席卷了我们的生活。我们的收入没变,但是能够换来的实物越来越少了。     

食品科学的最新发展：分子物理美食学

食品科学的最新发展：分子物理美食学菜是否熟了，是嫩了还是老了？作料是否合适，多了还是少了？火大了还是小了？时间是长了还是短了？这些素来仅能凭我们的感官和经验来回答的问题如今科学家们已在作出精密的答案——这就是分子物理美食学。菜炒嫩了和炒老了凭肉眼是难...     

用面包生产线试烤月饼的研究

本文介绍了用从日本引进的面包生产线试生产月饼后,提高了引进设备的利用率和扩大产品种类,解决了面包生产淡季设备不能满负荷作业的问题,也满足了市场的需求,减轻了工人的劳动强度,提高了生产率,创造了一定的经济效益。     

自动木工机的方案设计与分析

在阐明新产品原理方案设计方法的基础上，设计了自动木工机。完成了木工机总功能的求解，得到了几种解决方案，进行了比较，优选出了其中的一种解决方案，并对其关键部件进行了可行性建模分析，制作出了产品模型，验证了方案的可行性。     

丝攻的修磨及攻丝润滑

讨论了钳工在攻制内螺纹的工作中，尤其是机攻时，常出现的问题，提出了改进措施，着重介绍了丝攻的修磨。还介绍了攻丝操作中冷却润滑液改进，通过实践摸索，研制了新型的“机攻螺纹润滑液”，节约了成本，提高了工效，保证了产品的合格率，取得了较好的经济效益。     

褪去“奢侈”面纱平板放量增长

经历了关键一年的培育,平板电视终于脱颖而出,褪去了“奢侈品”的面纱,逐渐走入寻常百姓家,平板电视在2005年得到了放量的增长,销量达到了188万台,与2004年同期相比增长了379.3%,销售额达到了239亿元,比2004年增长了292.7%。中国平板电视终于结束了漫长的导入期,进入了快速成长     

氯化钾三效蒸发工艺

氯化钾采用三效蒸发,充分利用了热能,改变了沿用多年的落后工艺、降低了生产成本,为氯化钾生产开辟了新思路;自动控制系统的引用大大降低了工人的劳动负荷,且提高了操作的精度,使氯化钾生产首次实现自动化;三效蒸发系统的成功运行不仅降低了生产成本还为下游产品提供了优质充足的原料.     

软水综合利用效果好

通过实施软水综合利用 ,降低了冷凝器的进出水温度 ,避免了冷凝器的结垢 ,改善了冷凝效果 ,降低了溶剂消耗 ;改善了锅炉供汽 ,达到了节能降耗 ,增加效益的目的     

FCS在染整生产过程的应用(上)

阐明了FCS的技术特点；叙述了FCS的体系结构；介绍了FCS的通信网络；阐述了应用实例；指明了FCSN发展趋势。     

应用艾陀尔索助剂前处理工艺

本文简要介绍了艾陀尔素前处理工艺流程与传统练漂工艺流程的不同之处,艾陀尔素前处理降低了烧碱的用量、操作简单,易清洗节约了水资源,降低了污水处理成本,减少了对纤维的损伤,杜绝了氧漂破洞的发生,YC669C的使用增加了强力渗透和除蜡,解决了织物防染问题,提高了织物的毛效和白度,手感柔软。     

内锭钩锭子的结构设计与探讨

为解决现有外锭钩锭子在纺纱过程中容易挂飞花、棉絮,给清理带来不便的缺陷,对锭子的外锭钩结构进行分析研究,并创新设计出两种新型的内锭钩锭子。重点分析了内锭钩锭子的设计思路、局限性、结构与特点;指出：内锭钩有两种形式,一是将内锭钩套装在内锭钩座上再套装在轴承座上,其加工精度要求低,零件加工方便,成本较少;二是直接加工于轴承...     

芝麻核心种质芝麻素和芝麻酚林的关联分析

选用来源我国黄河流域至长江流域8省215份芝麻核心种质材料,对其种子中芝麻素（sesamin）和芝麻酚林（sesamolin）含量进行测定,芝麻素平均值5．24mg／g,变异范围为0．88～11．05mg／g,变异系数38．56％,芝麻酚林平均值3．30mg／g,变异范围为0．93—6．96mg／g,变异系数22．68％,二者均符合正态分布,且相关分析表明两者间呈极显著正相关;采用标记一性状关联分析法,进行芝麻素和芝麻酚林与SSR、SRAP、AFLP标记的关联分析。利用GLM模型共检测到33个标记与芝麻素和芝麻酚林极显著（P〈0．01）关联,同时与两种成分显著关联的有4个;利用MLM模型共检测到8个显著关联的标记,与两种成分显著关联的分别有4个;其中SSR标记SSll82-3在两种模型中同时极显著关联到芝麻素和芝麻酚林,且解释率较高。该研究将为芝麻功能性成分遗传改良和分子标记研究奠定重要基础。     

浓香型瓶装酒库存过程中理化指标的变化

经过对1996年及1999年灌装的种子牌系列浓香型白酒的理化指标检测，发现在贮存过程中理化指标变化很大，总酸，固形物呈上升趋势，总酯，己酸乙酯呈下降趋势,其升降幅度与贮存时间相关，时间越长变化越大，贮存3年的高低度5个样平均总酸上升18．2％，28度样总酸上升28．3％，50度样总酸仅上升11％，固形物平均上升39．2％，28度样上升43％，50度样上升18％，总酯平均下降24％，28度样下降34％，50度样下降31％，己酸己酯平均下降32．4％，28度样下降59％，50度样下降32％，贮存6年的5个样总酸平均上升39．8％，28度样上升52％，50度样上升41％，固形物平均上升71．8％，28度样上升635＜50度样上升77％，总酯平均下降42．4％，28度样下降54％，50度样下降31％，己酸乙酯平均下降51．8％，28度样下降69％，50度样下32%.     

还原剂在人造毛皮上的拔白印花

介绍了腈纶用分散染料和阳离子染料染底色的人造毛皮的拔白印花。分散染料染底色的人造皮用雕白锌白,可取得较深的拔白效果;阳离子染料染底色的人造皮用氯化亚锡拔白,可获得毛尖上的拔色效果。     

The Influences of Chain Length of Amylopectin on Resistant Starch in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Amylopectin is the principle component of starch. To elucidate the relationships between amylopectin and resistant starch content, six rice mutants with altered fine structure of amylopectin were selected for comparative studies with the primary wild type and two types of amylose‐extender (ae) mutants. Significant differences in resistant starch content were observed among mutants with similarity or differences in amylose levels. Mutants high in resistant starch had significantly increased proportions of short amylopectin chains with DP≤12, decreased levels of intermediate chains with size of 13≤DP≤36, and decreased fractions of long chains with DP≥37. Additionally, there was a mutant different to ae, which was characterized by an increased level of short chains with 8≤DP≤12 and 13≤DP≤24, and a decreased proportion of long chains with DP≥37. The increased contents of short chains with 8≤DP≤12 and decreased of intermediate and long chains with 24≤DP were clearly associated with the increase of resistant starch in rice.     

玉米醇溶蛋白功能性质的研究

以玉米醇溶蛋白为研究对象,选取若干影响因素对该蛋白的持水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、黏度、吸油性等功能性质进行研究。结果表明：持水性随着溶液溶质浓度的增加呈现先增后减的趋势;随着蛋白质浓度增大,蛋白乳化性及乳化稳定性都增大,但变化趋势平缓,随着pH值变化,蛋白乳化性和乳化稳定性呈现先增后减的趋势,随着NaCl浓度增大,乳化性及其乳化稳定性均下降,随着葡萄糖浓度增大,乳化性及乳化稳定性均增加;随着蛋白质浓度的增加,蛋白的黏度也随之增大,随着pH值变化,蛋白黏度也呈现先增后减的趋势,随着NaCl浓度增大,黏度逐渐减小,随着葡萄糖浓度增大,黏度也随之增大;温度升高蛋白吸油性降低,降低幅度较为平缓,受温度变化的影响较小。     

Lipid oxidation in n-3 fatty acid enriched Dutch style fermented sausages

Dutch style fermented sausages were manufactured with a substitution of 10%, 15% and 20% of pork backfat by flaxseed oil and canola oil, pre-emulsified with soy protein isolate. The 15% and 20% substitution were also reached by adding encapsulated flaxseed oil and encapsulated fish oil and by adding flaxseed oil, pre-emulsified with sodium caseinate, respectively. The products were sliced, packaged in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere and stored in the dark for 12 weeks at 7°C. No differences were detected in moisture, protein and fat content between control and modified sausages, with the exception of the formulation with sodium caseinate. The PUFA/SFA ratio increased from 0.30 in the control to 0.42-0.48 in the sausages with canola oil and to 0.49-0.71 in the sausages with flaxseed oil. The n-6/n-3 ratio decreased from 11.20 in the control to 6.94-5.12 in the sausages with canola oil and to 1.93-1.05 in the sausages with flaxseed oil. The addition of canola oil and encapsulated flaxseed oil resulted in a comparable shelf life as the control in terms of lipid oxidation. In the samples with addition of pre-emulsified flaxseed oil, especially with sodium caseinate, lipid oxidation clearly increased during storage. Physical and sensory analysis showed that the sausages with encapsulated fish oil and flaxseed oil resembled the control most.     

纺纱新器材配合使用提高成纱质量

为了探讨纺纱新器材配合使用对成纱质量的影响,分析纺纱新器材的工作原理,在环锭细纱机上分别采用后区压力棒上销与压力棒隔距块配合、后区压力棒上销与集棉器配合纺9.7tex普梳纱进行对比试验,并分别对成纱条干、毛羽及强力进行深入分析.结果表明:后区压力棒上销与集棉器的配合使用对成纱强力和毛羽改善较明显;后区压力棒上销和压力棒隔距块的配合使用能更好地改善成纱条干;同时指出,纺纱过程中,要注意保持纺纱新器材良好的工作状态,不同的新器材、不同规格的新器材配合使用效果不同,只有合适地配置,才能取得好的效果     

Preparation of wheat gluten hydrolysates with high opioid activity

The opioid activity of wheat gluten hydrolysates (WGHs) prepared with several proteases was investigated in vitro by the contraction of guinea pig ileum (GPI), and WGHs with high opioid activity were further obtained through desalting and ultrafiltration (UF). The opioid activity varied with different wheat gluten hydrolysates. AWGH (WGH prepared with Alcalase), PPWGH (WGH prepared with Pepsin followed by Pancreatin) and PWGH (WGH prepared with pepsin) had relatively stronger inhibitory effects on the contraction of GPI with IC₅₀ values of 1.21 ± 0.25, 1.29 ± 0.38 and 1.57 ± 0.21 mg protein/ml, respectively. Subsequently, AWGH and PPWGH were desalted using cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin, with high nitrogen recovery (88.51 and 89.28%, respectively) and high desalting ratio (84.67 and 85.20%). The resultant hydrolysates were further fractionated by UF performed with a 3 kDa molecular weight cut-off membrane. Compared with AWGH and PPWGH, the 3 kDa-permeates have higher opioid activities with high protein content above 90% and low ash content about 1.5%. The molecular weight distributions of the two 3 kDa-permeates were concentrated below 2,000 Da.