乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线诊断(附20例报告)

目的 探讨乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线征象.方法 分析20例经手术及病理证实的乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线表现.常规摄影双侧乳腺轴位(CC位)及侧斜位(MLO位)摄片.结果 20例中,16例钙化,3例单纯肿块,1例为小灶致密影.结论 导管原位癌(DCIS)X线表现以钙化为主,还应重视肿块、小灶致密影等征象.     

不典型乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线表现

目的 分析不典型乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的钼靶X线表现,以提高认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的导管原位癌37例,导管原位癌伴微浸润27例共64例DCIS,观察其钼靶X线表现.结果 (1)64例不典型的DCIS中,肿块31例,非对称性致密影14例,乳腺结构扭曲6例,双乳散在良性钙化1例,假阴性12例.(2)31例肿块中,不规则形17例(其中从乳头向深部沿导管走行的长条状肿块3例),椭圆形8例,分叶形5例,星芒状1例.(3)14例非对称性致密影表现者,均为无明显边缘的局限性密度增高影;6例结构扭曲,为正常乳腺结构紊乱但无明显的肿块可见.(4)12例假阴性表现者,11例发生于致密或多量腺体型乳腺,临床有可触及肿块10例,溢液2例.结论 不典型导管原位癌的钼靶X线表现多样,以肿块最常见,联合临床体检、B超及MRI能提高其检出.     

钼靶结合MRI对乳腺导管原位癌诊断价值的探讨

目的:分析乳腺导管原位癌的X线及MRI表现,评价钼靶结合MRI对DCIS术前诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的乳腺DCIS病例13例,所有病例均于术前行动态增强MRI和钼靶X线检查,同时行免疫组化标记。结果:①将病灶的X线表现分成恶性钙化、中间性钙化和非钙化3组,PR与C-erbB-2在3组中的分布有统计性意义(P<0.05);②13例病灶中11例MR表现为非肿块样强化,以BI-RADS分级中的4、5级为MR和X线检查的阳性指标,其正确诊断率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:DCIS的钼靶X线表现可以作为乳腺DCIS的预后因子,乳腺MRI对导管原位癌及导管原位癌伴微浸润有特征性表现,钼靶X线和MR检查相结合能提高早期导管原位癌的检出率及正确诊断率。     

乳腺导管原位癌的全数字化钼靶X线诊断

目的探讨乳腺导管原位癌（BDCIS）的全数字化乳腺钼靶X线征象。方法回顾分析30例经手术及病理检查证实为BDCIS的全数字化乳腺钼靶X线表现。常规摄影双侧乳腺轴位（CC位）及侧斜位（MLO位）摄片。结果 30例中26例有病灶内钙化,其中单纯钙化18例,肿块伴钙化3例,结构扭曲伴钙化5例;3例为单纯肿块,其中,边缘光滑、密度均匀的圆形肿块2例,边缘有毛刺、密度不均匀的类圆型肿块1例;1例为单纯结构扭曲。结论 BDCIS全数字化乳腺钼靶X线表现以钙化为主,还应重视肿块、结构扭曲以及局部非对称致密影等征象。     

微小钙化在乳腺导管原位癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨微小钙化在乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)X线诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析35例DCIS的钼靶X线表现.结果 35例中,钙化31例,占88.6%,其中17例临床触及肿块,占48.6%,14例临床未及乳腺肿块,占40%.钙化形态和导管原位癌分级有统计学关联,线性分支状钙化和泥沙样钙化28例,占钙化病例的90.3%.病理显示钙化27例.结论 微小钙化影对DCIS的诊断具有很高的价值.     

数字钼靶X线摄影对早期乳腺癌诊断的应用研究

目的评价早期乳腺癌的数字钼靶x线摄影表现。方法收集我院自2003年10月至2013年3月共10150名乳腺检查及体检者,回顾性分析经手术病理证实的56例早期乳腺癌的数字钼靶x线片,分析其临床表现、年龄特征、病理类型及x线表现特征。结果①无临床表现者49例,发病年龄27～76岁,其中40～49岁年龄段者占总病例数的42％,X线表现钙化27例（其中18例无肿块）,小结节19例（34％）。非对称性局限性密度增高影伴结构扭曲或紊乱10例（18％）;未扪及肿块者22例（39％）;导管原位癌（DCIS）及导管原位癌伴早期浸润37例（66％）,浸润性导管癌17例（30％）,浸润性小叶癌2例（4％）。②乳腺数字钼靶X线可显示早期乳腺癌病变微细结构。结论数字钼靶x线成像可以更清晰地显示乳腺病变的特征,对早期乳腺癌的诊断具有重要意义和价值。     

临床不能扪及的乳腺导管原位癌及其早期浸润的X线征象分析

目的:分析临床不能扪及的乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)及其早期浸润的X线征象。方法:经手术、病理证实的乳腺导管原位癌16例和原位癌伴早期浸润9例,观察其X线表现,并与病理对照。结果:25例X线表现均为钙化,其中按钙化形态分导管原位癌以碎石样钙化为主(6/16,37.5%),原位癌伴早期浸润以杆状钙化为主(5/9,55.56%);按钙化分布分,导管原位癌以成簇钙化为主(11/16,68.75%),原位癌伴早期浸润以成簇、段样为主(两者均为4/9,44.44%)。结论:DCIS及其早期浸润的X线表现有一定特征,通过乳腺X线检查,可提高DCIS及其早期浸润的检出率。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线表现与病理对照研究

目的：分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线表现的病理基础。方法：回顾性分析86例浸润性导菅癌并与病理分型对照。结果：浸润性导管癌最常见的钼靶X线表现为不规则高密度肿块影、边缘毛刺状72例、伴钙化（28例）；局部腺体密度增高影5例；单纯泥沙样钙化堆9例。结论：不规则高密度肿块影及肿块边缘毛刺、微小钙化，在判断浸润性导管癌的病理分型及伴有纤维增生，具有显著意义。在一定程度上可为临床治疗方法的选择提供参考。     

乳腺导管原位癌X线特征与病理核分级及不同肿瘤因子表达相关性

【摘要】目的：探讨乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）的钼靶X线特征,分析其与病理核分级、人类表皮生长因子受体（HER2）、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）表达的相关性。方法：回顾分析经手术病理证实的DCIS患者113例,均做乳腺X线检查,观察病变X线影像特征,并分析其影像表现与病理核分级及不同肿瘤因子表达的相关性。结果：①影像表现：113例中出现钙化85例（75.2%）,其中不对称影或肿块或结构扭曲伴钙化占多数共72例,单纯钙化13例;单纯肿块11例（9.7%）,不对称影和结构扭曲影14例（12.4%）,未见异常3例（2.7%）。②影像表现与病理因子表达：钙化为主要影像表现,钙化的形态、分布、数目在HER2阳性组、ER/PR阳性组和三阴组间表现有差异,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。HER2阳性58例,以高级别DCIS为主,钙化为区段性分布,形态线状分枝状为主,数量以多发或大量为主,数目＞30枚占多数;ER/PR阳性47例,以非高级别DCIS为主,钙化为区域性分布,形态微小圆点状为主,数量以少许钙化为主,数目＜30枚占多数。结论：DCIS患者乳腺X线影像表现具有一定特征性,X线影像与肿瘤的一些分子生物学行为及病理因子表达有相关性,对患者早期诊断、临床治疗方法选择具有临床意义。     

浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床及钼靶X线特征

目的探讨浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床及钼靶X线特征。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的25例28个浆细胞性乳腺炎患者的钼靶X线表现及临床资料，均为非哺乳期妇女，中位年龄41岁（26～70岁）。结果3例呈急性炎性样发作，22例表现为乳腺肿块（1．3～8．0cm）伴局部疼痛，其中4例为反复发作性肿块，5例伴乳头溢液。钼靶X线平片表现可分为4型：炎性样型（2／28）、乳管扩张型（3／28）、局限浸润型（10／28）及结节肿块型（13／28）。较有价值的征象为沿导管长轴扩展的不对称密度增高影、火焰状外观、密度不均伴低密度管状结构及散在棒状或中空小圆形钙化；邻近区域乳腺略紊乱，继发性积油囊肿形成；乳晕下乳管扩张等。结论熟悉浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床及影像特点，有益于指导外科手术。高度怀疑乳腺癌者，组织学检查是最终的诊断依据。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.     

胎龄和日龄对新生儿局部脑血流的影响

目的探讨胎龄及日龄对新生儿局部脑血流(rCBF)变化的影响及规律.方法对早产儿组、足月早期新生儿组、足月晚期新生儿组进行99Tcm-双半胱乙酯(ECD)SPECT脑血流灌注断层显像,并作半定量分析和读片分析.结果早产儿组原始感觉运动区和枕叶rCBF低于足月早期新生儿组(P<0.05),显著低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.01),其额叶中份、顶叶rCBF也低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.05),其余各叶皮质rCBF随胎龄和日龄的增大有增加趋势.早产儿组脑血流显像图与足月早期新生儿组和晚期新生儿组比较有明显差异.结论早产儿与足月儿rCBF的变化可能与新生儿大脑皮质相应区域发育成熟度和时间顺序有关.