某凝析气田异种不锈钢偶对在不同NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

为了考察某凝析气田现场新投用的3种合金钢材316L、双相不锈钢2205以及Inconel 625在现场出现耦合后是否会发生电偶腐蚀,对Inconel 625/316L、Inconel 625/2205偶对在不同Cl~-浓度下的电偶腐蚀特性进行了电化学试验,研究了耦合前各自的开路电位随时间的变化、耦合后的耦合电流随时间的变化、耦合(闭路)电位随时间的变化、耦合电流及耦合(闭路)电位的稳定值大小。结果表明:不同影响因素(电偶、Cl~-浓度)下,电位差均为50 mV左右,电偶电流密度约为1×10~(-6)A/cm~2,由此计算出材料偶接后的均匀腐蚀速度为0.002 mm/a,按照腐蚀速度划分标准(NACE RP0775-2005),均属于轻度腐蚀,因此625/316L、625/2205异种不锈钢之间耦合不会引起明显的电偶腐蚀问题。本方法对在油气田上使用类似异种钢耦合后出现的腐蚀研究具有一定的指导意义。     

复合管海底管道破断后损伤评估及修复方法研究

复合管海底管道在铺设过程中发生破断后,316L／625衬管暴露于海水或含有泥沙的海水中,可能发生腐蚀破坏。根据316L／625材料的腐蚀速率、管壁厚度和允许的最大点蚀深度来预估复合管允许的浸泡期限。如果破损的管道能在允许的浸泡期限内完成修复作业,则该管道可视为累积损耗而非失效,修复后仍可继续服役。修复方法为,切除破损管段后,排出海底管道内的海水,用含（300—500）×10^-6除氧剂、杀菌剂和缓蚀剂的淡水清洗316L／625管壁上残留的氯化物和溶解氧,清洗淡水的Cl-浓度宜小于200×10^-6。并根据腐蚀与污损情况确定是否需要进行酸液清洗。     

316L和45N＋双相不锈钢在食品级H3PO4中的腐蚀行为

为了减少盛装食品级磷酸设备的腐蚀,采用失重法、腐蚀电位-时间曲线、扫描电镜研究了316L不锈钢和45N＋双相不锈钢在食品级H3PO4溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：在55℃,85．0％H3P04溶液中,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率大于45N＋双相不锈钢;45N＋双相不锈钢表面钝化膜形成速度比316L不锈钢的快;45N＋双相不锈钢在H3PO4溶液中具有很好的耐蚀性,受H3PO4浓度的影响较小,耐蚀性优于316L不锈钢;316L不锈钢的耐蚀性随H3PO4浓度的增加先变好后变差。     

海水环境中Cl-浓度对316L不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了探明Cl~-浓度对海水环境下金属材料的腐蚀影响,通过极化曲线、交流阻抗和循环伏安曲线,并结合Mott-Schottky曲线,分析了在不同Cl~-浓度的海水模拟溶液中316L不锈钢的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明:在海水环境中,高浓度的Cl~-环境会使316L不锈钢试件的容抗弧直径减小,腐蚀电位下降,抗腐蚀能力变弱;在高Cl~-浓度下,不锈钢表面钝化膜更易破裂,且钝化膜的自我修复能力受到抑制; Cl~-浓度越大,空间电荷层厚度减少变化趋势越快,钝化膜腐蚀溶解的速率越快,316L不锈钢发生腐蚀的概率越大。     

海水问浸下45钢／BIO电偶对的电化学研究

海水干湿交替的间浸环境会加速电极表面的腐蚀。采用动电位极化、电化学交流阻抗（EIS）及激光拉曼光谱等分析方法研究了45钢／BIO电偶对在海水间浸工况下的腐蚀及其产物。并与海水全浸进行对比。结果显示：45钢电偶对在海水间浸下的腐蚀较严重,B10电偶对在海水间浸下的腐蚀速率较大,生成的腐蚀产物膜较厚;45钢电偶对锈层在海水全浸下的主要成分是Ot—Fe2O3和α-FeOOH,在海水间浸下的主要成分是a—Fe203和γ-FeOOH;B10电偶对锈层在2种工况下的主要成分有CuO,Cu2O和CuCO3·Cu（OH）2。结果表明,电偶对在海水间浸环境下的腐蚀较严重,这主要与电极表面的状态变化有关。     

Inconel625合金堆焊层在海水中的腐蚀行为

本文采用失重法,电化学极化以及交流阻抗法研究Inconel625合金堆焊层在10℃海水中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,Inconel625合金堆焊层在海水中初期腐蚀速率较高,随后降低到0.0004mm/a。Inconel625合金堆焊层表面没有观察到点蚀孔,表面不存在钝化膜。合金堆焊层在海水中为均匀腐蚀,海水中浸泡90天耐腐蚀性能稳定。     

S32750超级双相不锈钢在低温模拟海水中的腐蚀行为

为了考察S32750超级双相不锈钢(SDSS)在低温海水中的腐蚀性能,通过浸泡试验、动电位极化和电化学阻抗等方法,研究了S32750 SDSS和316L不锈钢(316L SS)在5℃的模拟海水(质量分数为3.5%Na Cl)中的腐蚀行为,采用Mott-Schottky曲线对低温下钝化膜的半导体性质进行了分析,并通过金相显微镜观察了两者腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果表明:在低温海水中,S32750 SDSS比316L SS表现出了更低的腐蚀速率,且S32750 SDSS表面腐蚀凹坑的数量较少;2种不锈钢均能形成稳定的钝化膜,且S32750 SDSS比316L SS展现出更大的钝化区间以及更高的点蚀电位、钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,这主要与S32750 SDSS表面钝化膜更加致密、缺陷数量更少等因素有关。     

铝青铜/Ti80合金/2205不锈钢在海水中电偶腐蚀行为研究

采用失重法和电化学方法研究了铝青铜、Ti80合金和2205不锈钢之间的双金属偶合及三金属偶合体系的电偶腐蚀行为,结果表明,Ti80在海水中的自腐蚀电位为正,耐蚀性好,2205不锈钢次之,铝青铜电位为负。海水全浸条件下,铝青铜分别与Ti80、2205不锈钢组成偶对体系时均作为阳极且腐蚀加速,腐蚀速率约为自腐蚀速率的2倍。对于铝青铜/Ti80/2205不锈钢复杂偶合体系,Ti80作为阴极腐蚀速率没有明显变化,2205不锈钢作为阴极腐蚀则有所减缓,铝青铜作为阳极腐蚀加快。当强阳极铝青铜面积相对减小时,Ti80合金腐蚀仍然没有明显变化,铝青铜腐蚀变快。     

船用金属波纹管腐蚀适用性评价

采用电位测试、极化曲线、循环伏安等测试对比评价了316L和254SMo两种不锈钢波纹管的耐蚀性;采用实验室加速点蚀试验、实海浸泡腐蚀试验等方式测试评价了316L和254SMo两种波纹管在海洋腐蚀环境下的腐蚀适用性。研究结果显示,254SMo在海水环境下的耐蚀性能优于316L的,选用254SMo不锈钢制作波纹管将显著提高产品在海水环境下耐蚀性,具有更高的抗腐蚀安全性。     

两种合金在氯化物熔盐中腐蚀行为研究

氯化物熔盐是太阳能热发电储热系统具有前景的储热介质,但其对金属材料具有很强的腐蚀性。研究了太阳能热发电系统两种常用材料316L不锈钢和Inconel 625合金在900℃的NaCl、KCl、MgCl2和CaCl2熔盐中的腐蚀行为,采用XRD、带有能谱分析系统的扫描电镜分析了腐蚀产物的相组成和形貌。研究结果表明:两种材料在氯化物熔盐中均腐蚀严重,但在碱土金属氯化物熔盐(MgCl2、CaCl2)中的腐蚀程度要比它们在碱金属氯化物熔盐(NaCl、KCl)中严重得多。与Inconel 625合金相比,316L不锈钢在同种氯化物熔盐中的腐蚀速度较快。造成这种现象的原因是316L不锈钢表面的腐蚀产物FeCr2O4和Fe3O4比Inconel 625合金表面的腐蚀产物更易在氯化物熔盐中溶解。研究结果将有助于太阳能热发电系统的选材和发展腐蚀防护技术。     

Corrosion protection of CrN/TiN multi-coating for bipolar plate of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

The electrochemical corrosion cells will be generated from the possible pinholes of the promising CrN and TiN coatings in a PEMFC environment. To prevent the elution of possible pinholes, CrN/TiN multi-coatings on SS have been considered. This study examined the electrochemical behavior of three CrN/TiN coatings on 316L stainless steel deposited at different CrN/TiN thickness ratios by rf-magnetron sputtering as potential bipolar plate materials. Potentiodynamic tests of CrN/TiN-coated 316L stainless steel carried out in a 1 M H₂SO₄ + 2 ppm HF solution at 70 °C revealed a significantly lower corrosion current density than that of uncoated 316L SS, as well as a decrease in the corrosion current density with decreasing inner-layer CrN thickness. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also showed that the CrN/TiN-coated 316L SS sample had higher charge transfer resistance than the uncoated 316L SS sample, which increased with decreasing inner-layer CrN thickness. This was attributed to the crystalline-refined CrN/TiN(200).     

烧结烟气有机胺脱硫系统的腐蚀状况及防护对策

为考察316L不锈钢在攀钢烧结烟气有机胺法脱硫的适用性,采用动电位极化曲线、现场挂片试验及实验室挂片浸泡试验的分析方法,研究了有机胺法脱硫工艺及腐蚀介质特点。结果表明:316L不锈钢在洗涤液腐蚀性最强,腐蚀速率高达1.520 mm/a,Cl~-和低pH值促进点蚀,属欠耐蚀材料;在脱硫富液中有中等点蚀,在贫液中有轻微点蚀,属于耐蚀材料。为此,结合现场工艺运行,对洗涤段进行了多层外衬及工艺改进、再生塔主部件更换为奥氏体不锈钢254SMO及工艺控制优化,稳定了系统的运行,对工程实际应用有指导意义。     

高温高酸性环境下镍基合金718与异种金属偶接的电偶腐蚀行为

高温/高压高酸性腐蚀环境中镍基合金718常作为可靠的材料使用,但不可避免会与其他金属偶接使用,易产生电偶腐蚀。模拟150℃,H_2S分压1.0 MPa,CO2分压1.5 MPa,Cl~-浓度200 000 mg/L的高温高酸性腐蚀环境,采用高温高压电化学测试技术和浸泡腐蚀模拟试验,研究了镍基合金718分别与低合金钢35Cr Mo、C110和不锈钢13Cr偶接后的电偶腐蚀行为。结果表明:在模拟高温高酸性环境下,3种金属分别与718合金偶接后,均发生了一定程度的电偶腐蚀,其中C110电偶腐蚀速率最大,而不锈钢13Cr的电偶腐蚀速率最小。电偶腐蚀的驱动力是2种金属的自腐蚀电位差,异种金属偶接后的电偶效应与两偶接材料的电位差成正比,而阳极材料自身的极化特性决定了其与耐蚀合金偶接后的电偶腐蚀程度。     

A new method to determine the synergistic effects of area ratio and microstructure on the galvanic corrosion of LAS A508/309 L/308 L SS dissimilar metals weld

The synergistic effects of area ratio and microstructure on the galvanic corrosion of A508/309 L/308 L dissimilar metals weld(DMW)are studied by a multi-analytical approach.It was demonstrated that decreasing the anode/cathode surface area ratio obviously enhances the corrosion rate of A508,both locally and globally.Deeper analyses of the AFM results enabled quantitative comparison of the corrosion behaviour of the different surface constituents.It was revealed that in the galvanic interaction of the DMW,the grain refined region corrodes most,followed by the partial grain refined region and base metal matrix of the A508,respectively.The electrochemical localization index(LI)estimation method and AFM analysis both confirmed the presence of a mixed(localized and uniform)corrosion phenomenon occurring on the surface of the A508 anode metal in the galvanic interaction of the dissimilar metals.Finally,the degree of synergism equation was utilized to describe the synergistic effects of anode/cathode area ratio and the microstructure of the samples on the galvanic corrosion of LAS A508/309L/308L SS DMW.     

Effect of Copper and Bronze Addition on Corrosion Resistance of Alloyed 316L Stainless Steel Cladded on Plain Carbon Steel by Powder Metallurgy

A sandwich structure with cladding alloyed 316L stainless steel on plain carbon steel was prepared by means of powder metallurgy (PM) processing. Electrolytic Cu and prealloyed bronze (95Cu wt pct, 5Sn wt pct) were added in different contents up to 15% into the surface cladded 316L layers and the effect of alloying concentrations on the corrosion resistance of the 316L cladding layers was studied. The corrosion performances of the cladding samples were studied by immersion tests and potentio-dynamic anodic polarization tests in H_2S0_4 and FeCl_3 solutions. Both 316L and alloyed 316L surface layers with 1.0 mm depth produced by PM cladding had an effect to improve corrosion resistance in H2SO4 and FeCI3 solutions. Small Cu and bronze addition (4%) had a positive effect in H_2SO_4 and FeCl3 solutions. 4% Cu alloyed 316L surface layer produced by PM cladding showed similar anodic polarization behaviour to the 316L cladding layer in H_2SO_4 and FeCl_3 solutions.     

X65管线钢在沉积物下腐蚀与缓蚀剂作用效果

通过电化学阻抗谱和动电位扫描法研究X65管线钢在含氧氯化钠溶液中沉积物对电化学参数的影响。采用电阻法(ER)结合零电阻电流计(ZRA)研究X65钢在沉积物覆盖下的电偶腐蚀行为与不同浓度有机膦缓蚀剂的作用效果。结果表明:X65钢在SiO_2沉积物覆盖时腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀速率降低。当有沉积物覆盖与无沉积物覆盖的电偶试片相连时,X65钢在沉积物下发生阳极极化,阳极电偶电流密度在18h内由120μA/cm~2衰减到50μA/cm~2并保持稳定。依次加入5×10~(-5),8×10~(-5)和3×10~(-4)浓度的PBTCA后,电偶电流在最高升至1300μA/cm~2后逐渐下降并稳定在610μA/cm~2附近,沉积物下X65钢腐蚀速率达到6.11mm/a,PBTCA加速了X65钢在含氧溶液中沉积物下的腐蚀。通过对试片表面进行观察,沉积物下X65钢表面发生了严重的局部腐蚀。     

Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding of AISI 316L stainless steel

Keyhole gas tungsten arc welding (K-TIG) was used to weld AISI 316L stainless steel of mid-thickness (thickness ranging 6–13 mm). 316L plates of 10-mm thickness were jointed using an I-groove in a single pass without filler metal. The effects of welding parameters on the fusion zone profile were investigated. The weld properties, including mechanical properties, microstructure, and corrosion resistance, were analyzed. The primary weld microstructures were austenite and δ-ferrite. The tensile strength and impact property of the weld were almost the same as those of the base metal, while the corrosion resistance of the weld was even better than that of the base metal. High-quality 316L stainless steel joints can be realized through K-TIG welding with high productivity and low processing cost. The practical application of K-TIG welding to join mid-thickness workpieces in industry is well demonstrated and an ideal process for welding AISI 316L of mid-thickness with high efficiency and low cost is presented.     

铁氧化菌作用下316L不锈钢点蚀电化学特性的研究

采用电化学测量、交流阻抗技术、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析等实验方法,研究了316L不锈钢在铁氧化菌(IOB)溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,分析了炼油厂冷却水系统微生物腐蚀的特征及机制,结果表明,在含有IOB溶液中的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)、点蚀电位(Epit)和极化电阻(Rp)均随浸泡时间的增加呈现出降-升-降的变化趋势;在含有IOB溶液中的腐蚀速率均大于在无菌溶液中;IOB的生长代谢活动及其生物膜的完整性和致密性影响了316L不锈钢表面的腐蚀过程,使不锈钢表面的钝化膜层腐蚀破坏程度增加,加速了316L不锈钢的点蚀.