浅议茵陈的药理作用与采收季节

茵陈作为利胆退黄的要药 ,为临床所常用。药材的有效成分是其药物作用的基础。那么 ,茵陈何时采收有效成分含量最大 ?其相关的药理作用又如何 ?俗谚说 :“三月茵陈四月蒿 ,五月六月当柴烧。”意即茵陈以幼苗入药。笔者根据有关资料 ,就茵陈有效成份与采收时节的选择 ,作如下探讨。1　药材来源茵陈为菊科植物茵陈蒿 (Artemisia capillars Thunb.)的干燥幼苗。为多年生草本 ,花期 9～ 10月 ,果期 11～ 12月。传统采收季节为春季 [1 ,2 ]。2　有效成分具利胆作用的有效成分蒿属香豆精 (scoparone) ,即 6 ,7-二甲氧基香豆精 (6 ,7- Dim ethoxy…     

几种茵陈主方对黄疸型肝炎治疗作用研究

总结以茵陈为主要成分的复方在治疗黄疸型肝炎中的作用及机制,为茵陈主方治疗黄疸型肝炎的进一步研究提供参考。     

谱效结合方法对绵茵陈大孔吸附树脂精制工艺的评价

目的 分别以HPLC指纹图谱的主成分保留率和急性肝损伤的药效模型为指标,评价绵茵陈提取液的大孔吸附树脂精制工艺的合理性.方法 以HPLC指纹图谱的主峰保留率为指标,对绵茵陈提取液的精制工艺进行评价;建立CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST),并观察肝组织病理学变化;进行小鼠灌胃给药的急性毒性实验,考察绵茵陈提取液精制前后口服给药的安全性.结果 绵茵陈提取液精制前后的HPLC指纹图谱基本一致;绵茵陈提取液精制前后的保肝作用无显著差异;绵茵陈提取液精制前后均未发现明显的急性毒性反应.结论 以HPLC指纹图谱和药效学实验相结合的评价方法 ,证实了绵茵陈提取液大孔吸附树脂精制工艺的合理性.     

《金匮要略》用药规律探讨

《金匮要略》是研究治疗杂病的专著 ,创立了在整体论思想指导下的辨证论治体系 ,立法选方用药均有自身的特点 ,并有一定的规律可循 ,本文仅就该书的用药规律作一探讨。1　专药治专病专药治专病的特点 ,这在《金匮要略》中有多处提到。主要是指通过实践 ,认为某药对某病有专治之能而使用。如百合 ,专治百合病。其病之命名 ,也是根据药的专治而得。又如茵陈 ,主治黄疸。茵陈蒿汤 ,即以茵陈命名 ,并作为方中的主药。若湿邪重者 ,用五苓散利湿 ,加茵陈 ,名茵陈五苓散 ,作为黄疸病湿盛证型的主方。除此之外 ,未见仲景于它证中使用茵陈。再如蜀漆 …     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨“黄连-茵陈”治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎机制

目的 基于网络药理学和分子对接研究探讨“黄连-茵陈”药对治慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的作用机制。方法 在中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)中检索获得“黄连-茵陈”药对的活性成分、作用靶点及分子结构，建立数据集，再通过GeneCard、CTD、TTD数据库筛选CAG疾病靶点，与“黄连-茵陈”药对活性化合物作用靶点取交集，利用Cytoscape软件构建“药物-成分-靶点-疾病”网络，利用STRING数据库及Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络，通过聚类分析获取核心成分与核心靶点，利用DAVID数据库对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析，最后利用AutoDok Tool、Pymol软件将核心靶点与核心成分进行分子对接验证。结果 经筛选获得“黄连-茵陈”药对活性化合物26种，筛选后活性化合物对应靶点86个，CAG靶点639个，“黄连-茵陈”活性化合物成分与CAG交集靶点38个，核心成分为槲皮素、异鼠李素、β-谷甾醇等，高于平均Degree值的靶点蛋白有白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、Ju...     

栀子-茵陈药对提取工艺研究

目的:筛选栀子-茵陈药对的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用正交试验和多指标综合加权评分法,以浸膏得率、总黄酮、环烯醚萜苷含量为评价指标,优选栀子-茵陈药对的最佳提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为栀子-茵陈以质量比2∶1的比例均匀混合后加入10倍量水,浸泡2h,提取3次,每次1.5h。结论:该提取工艺稳定可靠,所得指标成分含量高,为栀子-茵陈药对的深入研究奠定了基础。     

茵陈蒿成分的镇痛和消炎作用

作者用醋酸扭体法、热板法等研究了茵陈蒿成份蒿属香豆精(scoparone)及茵陈色原酮(capillarisin)的镇痛作用,并以血管渗透性抑制及角叉菜胶浮肿抑制为指标,研究了上述两成份的消炎作用。蒿属香豆精在醋酸扭体法及热板法中均有镇痛作用;而茵陈色原酮只在醋酸扭体法中显示弱的镇痛作用。关于消炎作用,蒿属香豆精在角叉菜胶浮肿法中显示消炎作用,并且其作用主要在早期,但茵陈色原酮无消炎作用。因此认为蒿属香豆精是茵陈蒿中消炎镇痛的主要有效成份。作者还研究了蒿属香豆精的血中浓度,     

“茵陈-栀子”药对治疗小儿胆道闭锁的网络药理学探讨

目的 通过网络药理学的方法探究“茵陈-栀子”药对治疗小儿胆道闭锁(BA)的潜在机制。方法 运用网络数据库对“茵陈-栀子”有效成分及BA靶点进行检索筛选。运用作图软件构建“茵陈-栀子”药对的“成分-靶点”和胆道闭锁-通路-靶点网络图。利用STRING数据库构建茵陈-栀子药对治疗胆道闭锁的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络图,利用Cytoscape3.9.1软件依据Degree值筛选核心靶点。最后,通过Metascape数据库对药物-疾病公共靶点进行生物过程及通路富集分析。结果 在茵陈-栀子药对中共筛选出28个与BA相关的活性成分和96个潜在作用靶点;经“Netework-Analyze”分析以“degree值>30”为条件筛选出16个核心靶点;分别是AKT1、EGFR、HSP90AA1、ESR1、HIF1A、MTOR、SIRT1、MDM2、MMP9、BCL2L1、ATM、PPARG、PIK3CA、AR、JAK2、NOS3。茵陈-栀子有2个共同成分,分别是quercetin(槲皮素)、beta-sitosterol(β谷甾醇)。涉及与胆道闭锁相关的通路有Pathways in ca...     

顶空气相色谱法分析干姜、细辛及其药对挥发性成分

目的：测定分析比较干姜、细辛及其药对的挥发性成分,为其后续的临床应用提供科学参考。方法：采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）法,对干姜、细辛及其药对挥发性成分进行提取分析,采用单因素考察法确定最优萃取条件,用面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量,并结合主成分分析（PCA）。结果：从干姜、细辛及药对中共鉴定出78种成分。其中从干姜中鉴定出38种成分,占挥发性总成分的95.13%;从细辛中鉴定出33种成分,占挥发性总成分的97.69%;从药对中鉴定出37种成分,占挥发性总成分的96.31%。3组数据的PCA综合得分差异较大,其中药对得分最高。结论：干姜、细辛及其药对,其挥发性成分及含量均有差异,且两药配伍后产生了新的挥发性成分,因此从挥发性成分变化方面为药对发挥协同增效作用的物质基础研究奠定基础,为其后续药效成分的进一步研究及临床应用提供科学依据。     

GC-MS结合主成分分析比较茵陈干燥前后挥发油化学成分差异

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对干燥前后的茵陈挥发油进行提取,用GC-MS法对提取的挥发油成分进行鉴定分析,同时进行谱库检索,并通过SIMCA+P统计软件进行主成分分析,结果表明:鲜茵陈、干茵陈的挥发油得率分别为0.01±0.02%、0.05±0.01%;GC-MS法分别鉴定出34和23个成分,鲜品中含有16个独立成分,经鉴定有β-蒎烯,其含量为1.90%;β-波旁烯,其含量为0.34%;双环大牛儿烯,其含量为3.08%等。干品中含有5个独立成分,经鉴定有2-乙烯基萘,其含量为5.40%;正二十三烷,其含量为0.09%等。其中主要成分大牛儿烯D在鲜品和干品挥发油中含量分别为23.14%和18.44%,α-律草烯在鲜品和干品中的含量分别为17.13%和12.44%。经过主成分分析,新鲜组和干燥组之间有明显的组间差异。应加强对茵陈产地加工干燥过程的质量控制并进行工艺优化,保障药材的品质。     

道地药材绵茵陈的生药学鉴别

对《中国药典》收载药材绵茵陈及其来源的两种植物茵陈蒿Atemisiacapillaries Thunb.,滨蒿Artemisia Scoparia Waldst.Et Kit.进行生药学研究,为区别其来源种属提供鉴别依据。     

Comparative evaluation of two different Artemisia dracunculus L. cultivars for blood sugar lowering effects in rats

Recent concerns about the potential carcinogenicity of estragole and methyleugenol led a number of regulatory bodies to call for restrictions on the use of herbs that contain these constituents. A number of medicinal plants produce essential oils that contain estragole and methyleugenol, including Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon). Previous studies have proven the antidiabetic properties of tarragon. In order to address the safety concerns of estragole containing tarragon extracts, an extraction procedure was developed to minimize the estragole and methyleugenol content in tarragon extracts and the ethanol versus aqueous extracts from two Artemisia dracunculus cultivars (French and Russian tarragon) were tested for blood glucose lowering effects in rats. It could be demonstrated that aqueous extracts of both Artemisia cultivars did not contain detectable amounts of estragole and methyleugenol, whereas ethanol extracts (60% v/v) of the French cultivar contained higher levels of the aforementioned compounds than those of the Russian cultivar. Further testing revealed that Russian tarragon lowered blood glucose levels in rats after glucose challenge, with the ethanol extract being as active as the aqueous extract. The results suggest that by using adequate production procedures the amount of potentially harmful compounds in extracts can be limited without affecting the overall pharmacological activities of these preparations.     

青蒿不同部位薄层鉴别比较研究

目的:通过收集青蒿植株不同部位的药材,对其主要化学成分进行定性研究,为黄花蒿药材资源的开发与利用奠定基础。方法:采用薄层鉴别法。结果:所建立的方法适用于青蒿不同部位的化学成分鉴别。结论:青蒿子、青蒿地上部分以及青蒿叶成分最为相似;花所含的挥发油种类最多,茎最少;茎可能不含或是含有极微量的青蒿素。其中,青蒿子、花、茎的薄层鉴别属首次报道。     

荧光探针法研究青蒿多糖及黄酮对DNA的保护作用

 目的 对比研究湖南、北京、重庆等不同产地14种青蒿中多糖和黄酮类化合物对DNA的保护作用。方法 利用溴化乙锭（EB）作为荧光探针,检测14种青蒿中多糖和黄酮类化合物存在下DNA与EB混合液的荧光积分强度。药物分子与DNA相互作用程度可用作用常数D来表示,根据D的大小研究多糖和黄酮含量对DNA保护作用的影响。结果 经测定,水提液中多糖对DNA的作用强弱顺序为：湖南怀化>北京>山西榆社>湖南种子（忻州种植）>山西忻州室内培育蒿>重庆（忻州种植）>河北阜平>山西定襄南庄>重庆>山西忻州卢野>山西盂县>山西阳曲灰蒿;醇提液中黄酮对DNA的作用强弱顺序为：山西忻州卢野>湖南（忻州种植）>山西忻州室内培育蒿>重庆(忻州种植)>山西忻州野生>山西阳曲灰蒿>山西定襄南庄>重庆>河北阜平>北京>山西榆社>山西忻州铁杆蒿>山西盂县>湖南怀化。青蒿多糖、黄酮与DNA的相互作用呈现一定的量效关系。结论 研究表明：14种青蒿提取液均能与探针DNA/EB作用,但作用程度不同;D值越大,药物与DNA作用越强,反之越弱。
     

昭通产青蒿植物中青蒿素的分析研究

目的 :对昭通产青蒿进行质量分析。方法 :用 TL C- IR法鉴别青蒿中的青蒿素 ,用 TL C- UV法测定其含量。结果 :定性、定量方法简便、准确 ,花蕾中的青蒿素含量较高。结论 :本法可用于青蒿中青蒿素的分析研究     

Anticancer,antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory activity of Artemisia species in vitro

Objective

To investigate the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiobesity activity of methanol extracts of eight distinct species: Artemisia Stolonifera (AST), Artemisia Selengensis (ASE), Artemisia Japonica, Artemisia Montana, Artemisia Capillaris (ACA), Artemisia Sylvatica (ASY), Artemisia Keiskeana (AKE), and Artemisia Scoparia (ASC) in vitro.

Methods

Antiproliferative activity was investigated in human breast cancer estrogen receptor-a positive T47D and negative HS578T cell lines exposed to the extracts at various concentrations (5-200 mg/mL) for 24, 48, and 72 h. For evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts, inhibition of nitrite synthesis was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultures of macrophages cells exposed to 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL for 24 h. The antiobesity activity of the extracts was determined as triglyceride content and by a lipolysis assay in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells exposed to the extracts for 72 h at the same concentrations described above.

Results

All extracts showed similar antiproliferative activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HS578T cells. Although extracts at lower concentrations and shorter times stimulated growth of T47D cells, the antiproliferative effects of the extracts on T47D cells at higher concentrations (>100 mg/mL) for 72 h were significantly greater than those of HS578T cells. In case of anti-inflammatory activity, some extracts (AST, ASE, ACA, and AKE) significantly reduced nitric oxide production at higher concentrations in the presence of LPS compared with that in control cells. Antiobesity activity was showed with reducing lipid accumulation significantly (>50%) at concentrations above 100 mg/mL in most extracts (except AST and ACA). Additionally, AKE and ASC increased lipolysis by 11%-24% compared with that in the control.

Conclusion

Artemisia spp. demonstrates potential as bioactive food supplements.     

Effect of Artemisia species on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via estrogen receptor-related pathway

Objective

To investigate the mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of Artemisia species through the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in breast carcinoma cells.

Methods

To evaluate the anticancer activity of methanol extracts of eight Artemisia species (Artemisia stolonifera, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia japonica, Artemisia Montana, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia sylvatica, Artemisia keiskeana, and Artemisia scoparia), we first investigated the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells exposed to 5 or 200 g/mL for 72 h. Apoptosis induction was assessed by an Annexin V binding assay in cells exposed to extracts at a high concentration (200 g/mL). To verify the mechanism of apoptosis, ER expression and its related signaling was investigated using an immunoblot assay under the same conditions.

Results

MCF-7 cells showed the strongest antiproliferative response to the tested extracts. However, a biphasic effect was observed: the extracts inhibited proliferation at high concentrations whereas they stimulated it at low ones. ER expression was similarly modulated by the extracts. However, all of the extracts induced apoptosis at a high concentration (200 g/mL). Compared to the control level, exposure to the extracts resulted in a remarkable increase in the shift of cell populations.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that the tested Artemisia species exerted their anticancer effects through the induction of apoptosis via an ER-related pathway.     

Antimycotic activity against Saprolegnia ferax of extracts of Artemisia verlotorum and Santolina etrusca

Methanol and aqueous extracts of Artemisia verlotorum and Santolina etrusca were screened in vitro against Saprolegnia ferax and for all extracts the MIC were determined. Screening was performed also on two fractions of the aqueous extracts. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

涿鹿蒿体外抑菌作用的初步研究

目的:研究涿鹿蒿水煎剂对13株临床分离菌株的体外抗菌作用。方法:将中药配成2g/mL浓度的水煎液,按稀释法测定此种中药对13株细菌的抑菌作用。结果:涿鹿蒿水煎剂对10株细菌有一定的抑菌效果,而对3株真菌的抑菌效果较差。结论:涿鹿蒿水煎剂有体外抗菌作用。     

万年蒿提取物对小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨万年蒿超临界萃取物和水提液对小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法分别以万年蒿超临界萃取物和水提液灌胃小鼠,并以CCl4制成小鼠急性肝脏损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)含量,观察万年蒿不同提取物对肝脏损伤的保护作用。结果和模型组相比,万年蒿水提液高剂量组和超临界萃取物高剂量组能够明显降低小鼠的AST,ALT含量(P<0.05或P<0.001)。结论万年蒿提取物具有较好的保肝作用。