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侧扫声呐法是水下抛石探测中较为常用的方法之一,具有横向分辨率高、工作效率高等特点.但通常只根据声波散射强度值的相对大小进行水底介质判断会存在较大误差.为了提高识别准确性,以保定圩水下抛石为研究对象,首先对侧扫声呐数据进行小波去噪处理;然后根据Lambert定律消除掠射角的影响,使散射强度与水下介质的类型直接相关;最后利... 相似文献
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水污染对菹草及伊乐藻生长的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
针对沉水植物在污染水体中的生存阈值问题,在满足光补偿点的条件下,研究不同劣Ⅴ类水质中菹草(Potamageton crispus)、伊乐藻(Elodea nattalii)的生长情况。结果表明:①如果能够保证水体光补偿点条件,在苏州市3种劣Ⅴ类水质中,菹草、伊乐藻均能保证基本存活,且无论从表观上还是从体内的保护酶来看,伊乐藻对污染的适应能力均优于菹草。②在实验过程中,菹草及伊乐藻的叶绿素含量基本上呈下降趋势,说明在污染环境中植物生长状况不良。③菹草及伊乐藻在水质相对较好的苗家河水样中的生长情况优于水质相对较差的薛家河及竹辉河。 相似文献
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采用目前比较先进的生物制剂治理,以“土著菌”为主,从中培养、驯化、富集微生物,使微生物与水体充分接触,分解水中的污染物质,达到净化水体的目的。 相似文献
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Changes in abundance, taxonomic composition, and the seasonal succession of phytoplankton have been evaluated at seven stations in the vicinity of Nanticoke, east of Long Point Bay, Lake Erie from 1969 to 1978. Quantitative measurements of phytoplankton were recorded as Areal Standard Units per millilitre (A.S. U. per mL). The 10-year mean value was 374 A.S. U. per mL. Annual means over the 10-year period varied from a low of 224 A.S. U. per mL in 1969 to a high of 606 A.S.U. per mL in 1978.Seasonal succession patterns and biomass levels showed fluctuation expressing unimodal, bimodal, and even trimodal peaks from station to station and year to year. 1969 and 1974 had abnormally low levels of phytoplankton biomass while 1970 and 1978 showed mean biomass values that were exceptionally higher than the 10-year mean. A total of 240 taxa were recorded during the 10 years of study, 35 of which were present during all years.Temperature data collected at the same stations suggested that 1970 and 1973 were years in which the water was slightly warmer but followed very closely a normal seasonal curve ranging from 5°C in April to a maximum of 22°C in August. A comparison of seasonal succession of phytoplankton to temperature did not show any direct or inverse relationship to years in which one or the other parameter deviated from the normal pattern.Due to the similarity of the algal community in its year-to-year seasonal development and taxonomic composition, the ten years of data presented in this study should provide a sound data base for future comparisons of nearshore phytoplankton in Lake Erie. 相似文献
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水位和流速是人工湖维持生态的关键因子,为探究人工湖水位对流速分布的影响,基于二维水动力模型对雁鸣湖流场进行数值模拟,研究单因素水位对流速影响和实测换水水位对流速时空分布的影响。结果显示:水位是水动力影响因素之一,低水位时的湖泊流速大于高水位时期,水位变化时的平均流速介于高低水位流速之间,水位对环流影响较小。在实测换水期间,高水位时水位分布无明显差异,水深自上游至下游逐级递增;低水位时水位分布出现差异,河滩裸露,水深分布差异较大;水位变化时,湖泊上游至下游水位呈梯度变化,水深随水位变化;流速时空分布验证了单因素水位对流速的影响,并表明不同水位对流速大小及分布影响有所差异。雁鸣湖水位和流速的模拟结果表明,人工湖水位变化能改善湖泊水动力,可为人工湖水情管理提供科学参考。 相似文献
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Whole‐lake areal distribution of submerged macrophyte growth in Lake Biwa was surveyed using aerial photographs in 1994 and 2000, when unusual declines in the water level of approximately 1 m occurred in the dry summers. The estimated total areas of the submerged macrophyte communities were 1441 ha for 1994 and 2825 ha for 2000. In the shallow and eutrophic southern basin, the bottom area covered by vegetation gradually increased year by year after 1994, and the ratio of this area to the total surface area of the basin in 2000 amounted to 52%. The dominant species were two natives, Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum spicatum, and one exotic, Egeria densa. Changes in physical conditions and water quality associated with the decline in the water level, as well as the reactions of submerged plants to aquatic environments and ecosystem dynamics, are discussed. 相似文献
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沉水植物是维持浅水湖泊清水态的关键因子,其覆盖度是水生态修复工程中植物措施的重要参数。从沉水植物作用机理出发,通过收集天然浅水湖泊沉水植物变迁情况,分析国内外相关学者和工程的研究成果,得出在浅水湖泊沉水植物覆盖度设计时可在50%~70%范围内取值;对于污染负荷小的湖泊,可以取相对较低的值;对于水塘,其取值可按约30%考虑;当营养盐浓度超过阈值时,覆盖度应处于较高的水平。根据工程经验,在污染源恒定的情况下,覆盖度越高,对水质可起到越好的维持效果。同时,针对影响沉水植物覆盖度的有关因素,例如底泥污染、水体透明度以及季节变化等作了思考并给出了相关建议。研究结果为今后浅水湖泊沉水植物恢复的相关工作提供一定的经验和借鉴。 相似文献
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城市景观人工湖规划设计时,需在湖体水质恶化到一定程度引入新的水体进行调水置换,以确保湖区水环境质量,合理确定的引水条件将有效节约引水资源量。以石家庄市正定湖为例,基于EFDC水环境数学模型,分析了不同调水方案下湖区示踪粒子追踪模拟情况,根据示踪粒子追踪模拟结果,确定了湖区最优调水规模,并探明了湖区潜在的重污染区域和富营养化高发区,为切实保障湖区水环境质量提供了技术参考。 相似文献