Essential oils and fatty acids composition of Tunisian and Indian cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds: a comparative study

BACKGROUND: Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds of two geographic origins, Tunisia (TCS) and India (ICS), were studied regarding their fatty acid and essential oil composition. RESULTS: Oil yields were 17.77 and 15.40% for TCS and ICS respectively. Petroselinic acid (C18:1n‐12) was the major fatty acid in both varieties, with a higher proportion being found in TCS (55.90% of total fatty acids (TFA)) than in ICS (41.42% TFA). Moreover, the most predominant fatty acids were palmitic, petroselenic and linoleic acids, accounting for more than 91% TFA in both varieties. The unsaturated fatty acid content was high: 70.95% TFA in TCS and 62.17% TFA in ICS. Essential oil yields differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the two varieties: 1.21 and 1.62% for ICS and TCS respectively. A total of 40 compounds were identified, 34 of which were present in both essential oils. The two varieties displayed different chemotypes: γ‐terpinene/1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol for TCS and cuminaldheyde/γ‐terpinene for ICS. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the biochemical composition of cumin seeds is origin‐dependent and that cumin seeds are rich in an unusual fatty acid, petroselinic acid. Besides, cumin essential oil is a rich source of many compounds, including cuminaldehyde and γ‐terpinene. The overall results suggest the exploitation of cumin seeds as a low‐cost renewable source for industrial processing in the fields of cosmetics, perfumes and pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

孜然籽营养成分分析

对孜然籽化学成分、营养成分及微量元素进行了定性、定量分析。研究表明,孜然籽中含有黄酮﹑挥发油、油脂、糖类、氨基酸、蛋白质及矿物质等化学成分;其中蛋白质含量为27.06%、脂肪含量为16.31%、无机盐含量为8.45%;还含有丰富的Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn等微量元素,其中Ca为11mg/g、Mg为4251μg/g、K为492μg/g、Fe为320μg/g、Zn为65.0μg/g、Cu为22.8μg/g、Mn为38μg/g。因此孜然籽具有较高的食用价值和药用价值。     

孜然精油对杂拟谷盗的熏蒸效果及代谢酶活的影响

本文研究了孜然精油对杂拟谷盗（Tribolium confusum）的熏蒸效果及部分机理。T.confusum经最大剂量30μL/L孜然精油处理24 h后,死亡率达到了95%,试虫的死亡率与处理浓度和处理时间呈现出明显的正相关。T.confusum经孜然精油熏蒸处理后乙酰胆碱酯酶（Ach E）在8 h出现最高值,解毒酶系中的酸性磷酸酯酶（ACP）呈现先下降后升高的趋势;碱性磷酸酯酶（ALP）、羧酸酯酶（Car E）活性明显高于未熏蒸的对照,且这两种酶活力均呈现出升高的趋势;谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GSTs）的酶活性被显著（p≤0.05）地抑制;保护酶系中的三种酶活性也被精油的处理诱导升高。由此表明,孜然精油对T.confusum的良好熏蒸效果是通过影响试虫体内的神经、解毒和保护酶系来实现的。      

微波加热吹气吸附法提取/气-质联机分析孜然芹挥发油

采用微波加热吹气吸附法从孜然芹籽中提取孜然芹精油,萃取率4.45%。对采用气-质联机对所得精油的挥发性成分进行分析,共鉴定出34种物质,总相对含量为95.14%,主要成分为枯茗醛(27.05%)、枯茗醇(25.14%)、β-水芹烯(13.34%)、γ-松油烯(12.45%)、对伞花烃(12.27%)等。     

气相色谱质谱法测定孜然挥发油中枯茗醛含量的方法研究

本研究利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取孜然挥发油中枯茗醛,并采用GC-MS 法进行含量测定。采用岛津DB-5 柱(30m × 0.32mm,0.25μm),进样口温度220℃,色谱升温条件为起始温度40℃,升温速率8℃/min,终点温度220℃,氦气流量1.2ml/min,分流比100:1,进样量0.5μl。结果表明枯茗醛浓度在7.75～69.75mg/ml 呈良好线性关系,线性方程Y = 3.34 × 108X － 3.373 × 106 (r = 0.9989),平均回收率96.5%,重复性RSD 为1.8%(n=3)。此法简便、准确且重复性好,可为孜然质量标准的制定提供科学的方法依据。     

高速逆流色谱法分离制备孜然黄酮

应用高速逆流色谱法分离制备了孜然中的黄酮类成分。以氯仿∶甲醇∶水=4∶4∶2(v∶v∶v)为两相溶剂系统,在主机转速为850r/min、流速1.8mL/min、检测波长254nm条件下进行分离制备。所得分离收集液经高效液相色谱法检测,结果表明,从孜然黄酮粗提物中分离得到了纯度超过90%的两种黄酮类成分;经干燥得样品重分别为26mg和24mg。      

Dyeing of cotton fabric with Cuminum cyminum L. as a natural dye and its comparison with synthetic dye

In the present study, an attempt has been made to dye the industrially bleached woven cotton fabric with Cuminum cyminum L., commonly known as cumin seeds, as a source of natural dye which has not been exploited as natural dye by far. Optimization of natural dye extraction from cumin seeds with respect to buffer mediums; acidic, neutral and alkaline and dyeing parameters viz., dyeing time, dyeing temperature, dyeing pH and electrolyte concentration was done. Dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with the aqueous extract of cumin seeds with and without mordant. Dyeings obtained without mordants were compared with those obtained by pre-mordanting with tannic acid and various metallic mordants viz., potassium aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, stannous chloride and potassium dichromate and their combinations. Typical shades obtained with the natural dye were matched with commercially available reactive dyes and compared with fastness properties and indicative costs. From the results, it could be said that the natural dye extracted from cumin seeds has good potential in the textile dyeing market and can be exploited further.     

孜然精油成分以及对亚硝酸钠的消除作用研究

以水蒸汽蒸馏法提取孜然,获得2.6% 的精油,用GC-MS 对精油进行了成分分析,检测出28 个成分,解析鉴定了占精油99.801%的26 个成分。主要成分枯茗醛占总精油含量的39.511%。其次为2- 蒈烯-10- 醛(17.707%)和3- 蒈烯-10- 醛(17.542%)。对NaNO2 的消除作用研究结果显示,孜然精油具有明显的消除NaNO2 作用,最大消除率为92.5%。水蒸汽蒸馏后残渣丙酮、甲醇、乙醇萃取物也显示了消除NaNO2 活性,最大消除率分别为：71.1%、58.7%、45.5%。     

甘肃和新疆产区孜然精油成分的比较

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了甘肃和新疆两地孜然籽精油,产率分别为2.38%和2.56%,用GC-MS联机对精油进行成分分析,前者检测出31个成分,鉴定了27个成分,主要成分2-蒈烯-10-醛,占总精油含量的40.239%,其次为枯茗醛（26.144%）和3-蒈烯-10-醛（16.882%）;后者检测出27个成分,鉴定23个成分,主要成分2-蒈烯-10-醛,占总精油含量的44.338%,其次为枯茗醛（30.244%）和3-蒈烯-10-醛（12.861%）。含量和成分比较结果表明,新疆精油优于甘肃精油。      

槟榔提取物不同部位的抗氧化性比较及成分研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法3种测定法对槟榔提取物体外抗氧化活性进行综合评价,并分析其总多酚与总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的关系。研究结果发现,槟榔提取物乙酸乙酸部位和正丁醇部位均有一定的抗氧化活性。其中乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力（IC50=14.60、2.04μg/m L）和还原Fe3+的能力（TEAC=4762.99μmol/g）均强于阳性对照BHT（DPPH方法:IC50=24.49μg/m L;ABTS方法:IC50=6.56μg/m L;FRAP方法:TEAC=2503.17μmol/g）,正丁醇部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的能力（IC50=44.32、7.62μg/m L）和还原Fe3+的能力（TEAC=1587.42μmol/g）均弱于阳性对照BHT,且乙酸乙酯部位总多酚和总黄酮含量均大于正丁醇部位。可见,乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基及还原Fe3+的能力可能与其总多酚、总黄酮含量高有关。      

Antioxidant and antifungal activities of a new chemovar of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

Food Science and Biotechnology - Chemical composition, antifungal and antioxidant properties of essential oil extracted from Cuminum cyminum from Iran was studied. GC–MS analysis revealed the...     

Composition, quality control and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds from Bulgaria that had been stored for up to 36 years

The essential oil of seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) from Bulgaria stored for more than 35 years was analyzed by physicochemical methods, GC, GC‐MS and olfactometry and its antimicrobial activity tested using different strains of microorganisms. More than sixty constituents of this cumin oil could be identified as essential volatiles, responsible for the pleasant fresh, clean, spicy (typical cumin‐like) odour of a high quality product. Cumin aldehyde (36%), β‐pinene (19.3%), p‐cymene (18.4%) and γ‐terpinene (15.3%) were the principal compounds found. Antimicrobial testing showed high activity of the essential C. cyminum oil against the mold Aspergillus niger, the Gram (+) bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.     

国槐种子蛋白质提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

以国槐种子为原料,在单因素实验的基础上采用Box-Behnken（BB）和响应面确定国槐种子蛋白质的提取工艺,并建立国槐蛋白质提取工艺的数学模型,同时探讨蛋白质对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力。结果表明,国槐种子蛋白质提取的最优工艺为pH8.2缓冲液包含0.82 mol/L的NaCl,超声提取29 min,料液比1∶31（g/mL）,此条件下,国槐种子蛋白质的提取量为139.25 mg/g,理论预测值为139.36 mg/g,两者误差为0.08%,实验结果真实可靠。抗氧化实验表明,国槐种子蛋白质的质量浓度为38.04μg/mL时,对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除率分别为29.44%和90.82%。国槐种子中含有较丰富的蛋白质,并对DPPH和ABTS自由基有清除作用,可以作为潜在天然抗氧化剂。      

Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract and its impact on systemic antioxidant potential in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND: To evaluate health benefits attributed to Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a randomized, open‐label, two‐way crossover study was undertaken to compare the impact of an aqueous H. sabdariffa L. extract (HSE) on the systemic antioxidant potential (AOP; assayed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) with a reference treatment (water) in eight healthy volunteers. The biokinetic variables were the areas under the curve (AUC) of plasma FRAP, ascorbic acid and urate that are above the pre‐dose concentration, and the amounts excreted into urine within 24 h (Ae_0–24) of antioxidants as assayed by FRAP, ascorbic acid, uric acid, malondialdehyde (biomarker for oxidative stress), and hippuric acid (metabolite and potential biomarker for total polyphenol intake). RESULTS: HSE caused significantly higher plasma AUC of FRAP, an increase in Ae_0–24 of FRAP, ascorbic acid and hippuric acid, whereas malondialdehyde excretion was reduced. Furthermore, the main hibiscus anthocyanins as well as one glucuronide conjugate could be quantified in the volunteers' urine (0.02% of the administered dose). CONCLUSION: The aqueous HSE investigated in this study enhanced the systemic AOP and reduced the oxidative stress in humans. Furthermore, the increased urinary hippuric acid excretion after HSE consumption indicates a high biotransformation of the ingested HSE polyphenols, most likely caused by the colonic microbiota. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

马兰头黄酮粗提物对油脂的抗氧化活性研究

目的 分析马兰头黄酮粗提物对油脂的抗氧化性能及体外自由基清除能力。方法 以酸价、过氧化值为指标, 分析2,6二叔丁基对甲酚(butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT)、马兰头黄酮粗提物对花生油、大豆油、猪油的抗酸败氧化性能; 以抗坏血酸为对照, 分析马兰头黄酮粗提物对2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-硫酸二铵盐[2,2''-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS+]自由基的清除能力。结果 马兰头黄酮粗提物可以有效抑制油脂酸价的升高, 可分别将猪油、大豆油的过氧化值超标耐受天数从3、4 d延长至4、5 d, 与BHT作用效果差异不显著(P>0.05), 它对花生油过氧化值的升高抑制作用无实际应用意义; 马兰头黄酮粗提物水溶液对ABTS+自由基清除率最高可达到104.0%±0.9%。结论 马兰头黄酮粗提物具有较好的抑制油脂氧化的作用和很好的自由基清除能力, 具有较好的天然油脂抗氧化剂开发前景。     

Effects of water-saving superabsorbent polymer on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in oat (Avena sativa L.) under drought stress

BACKGROUND: Drought stress significantly limits oat (Avena sativa L.) growth and productivity. Thus an efficient management of soil moisture and study of metabolic changes in response to drought are important for improved production of oat. The objective was to gain a better understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms and improve soil water management strategies using water‐saving superabsorbent polymer (SAP) at 60 kg ha^?1 under three irrigation levels (adequate, moderate and deficit) using a new type of hydraulic pressure‐controlled auto irrigator. RESULTS: The results showed that the relative water content and leaf water potential (ψ₁) were much higher in oats treated with SAP. Although the SAP had little effect on plant biomass accumulation under adequate and moderate irrigation, it significantly increased the biomass by 52.7% under deficit irrigation. Plants treated with SAP under deficit irrigation showed a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in leaves compared with control plants. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that drought stress leads to production of oxygen radicals, which results in increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the plant, and the application of SAP could conserve soil water, making same available to plants for increased biomass accumulation and reduced oxidative stress especially under severe water stress. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

新疆一枝蒿挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法从新疆一枝蒿中提取挥发油,利用GC-MS技术对其化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,并通过DPPH自由基清除体系和β-胡萝卜素漂白体系来评价新疆一枝蒿挥发油体外抗氧化作用。结果表明:共分离出49种组分,鉴定了其中的48种化合物,占总挥发油含量的89.82%,其主要成分为乙酸二氢香芹酯(31.54%)、2-羟基-3-(1-丙烯基)-1,4-萘醌(27.28%)等。抗氧化实验中,新疆一枝蒿挥发油在DPPH自由基清除体系中的IC50为0.195mg/mL,自由基清除能力相当于强抗氧化剂抗坏血酸(Vc)的70%～80%;在β-胡萝卜素漂白体系中的IC50为0.579mg/mL,抗脂质氧化能力相当于强抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)的85%～90%。表明新疆一枝蒿具有优异的抗氧化活性,且具有明显的量—效相关性。     

亚麻荠籽多糖提取工艺的响应面优化 及其体外抗氧化活性

以亚麻荠籽饼为原料,以多糖得率为指标,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面试验对恒温搅拌提取亚麻荠籽多糖工艺进行优化,并探讨亚麻荠籽粗多糖提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,恒温搅拌提取亚麻荠籽多糖的最佳工艺条件为提取温度90 ℃、料液比1∶ 18、提取时间85 min、搅拌速度200 r/min,在此条件下提取2次,亚麻荠籽多糖得率为1.71%。亚麻荠籽粗多糖提取物对DPPH自由基与羟自由基均呈现出一定的清除能力,对羟自由基的清除能力优于DPPH自由基。研究结果为亚麻荠籽多糖的提取以及应用提供了理论依据。