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乳清的营养价值及乳清饮料的研究现状 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:20
乳清是工业生产干酪及干酪素的副产品,乳清的营养成分相当于除去酪蛋白的脱脂乳,约占牛乳营养成分的55%,乳固体达6%-7%,其中粗蛋白1%,粗脂肪0.3%-0.4%,乳糖3%-5%。国外多利用乳甭生产乳清粉和乳清蛋白浓缩物等。乳清饮料有3种形式:1)乳清与果汁直接调配;2)制做无蛋白澄清饮料;3)发酵型乳清饮料。所以,乳清的合理开发利用十分重要。 相似文献
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微生物发酵生产乳清饮料的研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
利用开菲粒(kefir grains)分别发酵羊奶乳清和牛奶乳清,结果表明:羊奶乳清的发酵能力比牛奶乳清强。羊奶乳清在25℃发酵50小时所达到的发酵程度与相同条件下牛奶乳清发酵85小时相近。达到此发酵程度时,乳清的酸度上升到65~67°,pH值下降到3.6~3.7,乳糖分解率为18~19%(经陈化,乳糖分解率可大大增加),乙醇含量为0.4%。并且乳清经发酵后,其特殊的乳清味和羊奶乳清的膻味消失。利用从开菲粒申分离出的乳糖发酵酵母(笔者自己分离筛选)与乳酸链球菌共同发酵牛奶乳清,以模仿开菲粒的菌群和发酵特性,在25℃发酵48小时时,可制出清香可口、含醇、含气的酸性乳清发酵饮料。 相似文献
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Whey protein beverages have been shown to be astringent at low pH. In the present study, the interactions between model whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin and lactoferrin) and human saliva in the pH range from 7 to 2 were investigated using particle size, turbidity, and ζ-potential measurements and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. The correlation between the sensory results of astringency and the physicochemical data was discussed. Strong interactions between β-lactoglobulin and salivary proteins led to an increase in the particle size and turbidity of mixtures of both unheated and heated β-lactoglobulin and human saliva at pH ∼3.4. However, the large particle size and high turbidity that occurred at pH 2.0 were the result of aggregation of human salivary proteins. The intense astringency in whey protein beverages may result from these increases in particle size and turbidity at these pH values and from the aggregation and precipitation of human salivary proteins alone at pH <3.0. The involvement of salivary proteins in the interaction is a key factor in the perception of astringency in whey protein beverages. At any pH, the increases in particle size and turbidity were much smaller in mixtures of lactoferrin and saliva, which suggests that aggregation and precipitation may not be the only mechanism linked to the perception of astringency in whey protein. 相似文献
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乳清蛋白在无添加剂酸奶中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验采用乳清蛋白制备了一种不添加稳定剂的酸奶,为制作无添加剂酸奶提供理论依据。通过分析不同添加量的乳清蛋白对酸奶发酵终点,以及后熟和保质期内酸奶的酸度、粘度、脱水收缩作用敏感性(STS)、持水率(WHC)的影响,结果发现:乳清蛋白对发酵终点的影响不大;随着乳清蛋白添加量的增加,在后熟时酸奶的酸度变化加快;乳清蛋白可以提高酸奶在保质期内的稳定性,对STS和WHC都有促进作用,可保证产品最终质量。此外,结合感官测评,乳清蛋白添加量在3~4%时,产品口感及稳定性较佳,通过使用乳清蛋白可以使无添加剂的酸奶在保质期内稳定。 相似文献
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乳清蛋白的组成及其主要保健功能 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
乳清蛋白氨基酸组成合理、消化吸收率高,同时在消化过程中产生多种生物活性多肽,具有增强体质、提高免疫力、抗疲劳、抗氧化、抑菌抗病毒、降血脂、降血压、降血糖、抗癌等多种保健功能。本文就乳清蛋白的组成成分及其保健功能进行了综述。 相似文献