大气模式对气溶胶光学参量反演及分类的影响研究

气溶胶对全球生态系统、物质循环具有重要影响,研究气溶胶光学参量等基础数据反演的准确性意义重大。利用来自欧洲气溶胶研究激光雷达网的4个观测站点(波坦察、莱比锡、里尔、埃武拉)在两次集中观测任务中的数据,对使用不同大气模式的温度、压强数据在反演气溶胶光学参量(消光和后向散射系数)及气溶胶分类中所产生的影响进行研究。结果表明：选用不同的大气模式对气溶胶光学参量进行反演会导致计算结果出现偏差,其中对于Raman法获取气溶胶消光系数的影响较大,在355 nm和532 nm处的最大偏差均可达到～20%。大气气溶胶浓度也会对不同模式的气溶胶光学参量反演结果产生影响,并且随观测波长的不同而有所差异。此外,不同大气模式会使气溶胶激光雷达比以及?ngstr?m指数等与气溶胶类型相关的参量反演结果产生偏差,并最终影响气溶胶的分类。文中研究结果对于揭示大气模式的选取在反演气溶胶光学参量中的重要性以及对于气溶胶分类乃至大气科学的相关研究都具有重要的参考价值。     

合肥上空中层大气密度和温度的激光雷达探测

为研究中层大气分布情况,采用自行研制的532 nm瑞利（Rayleigh）散射激光雷达,对合肥地区（31.90 N,117.170 E）25~40 km高度范围内的大气密度和温度廓线分布进行观测。将瑞利散射激光雷达所测结果与NRLMSISE-00大气模型数据进行对比,以验证瑞利散射激光雷达性能及数据处理方法的可靠性。通过数据对比得出,在25~40 km高度范围内,瑞利散射激光雷达获得的大气密度值与NRLMSISE-00大气模型密度值的比值为0.99~1.03;瑞利散射激光雷达所测温度值与NRLMSISE-00大气模型数据的温度偏差均值约为2.8 K,其中38 km以下两者温度偏差约为1.6 K。数据对比说明,瑞利散射激光雷达观测值与NRLMSISE-00大气模型数据具有较一致的密度分布特征和温度分布特征,瑞利散射激光雷达的观测结果能够较真实地反映合肥上空25~40 km高度范围内的大气密度和温度分布。     

合肥地区夏季臭氧、温度、水汽、气溶胶、二氧化碳测量与对比分析

为了建立我国的大气模式和制定合适的大气环境保护政策,对大气参数(臭氧浓度,相对湿度,气溶胶后向散射比,温度,二氧化碳浓度等)进行全面测量并分析其基本特性十分重要.多功能性L625激光雷达能够分时测量大气中的臭氧浓度、气溶胶消光系数、散射比、大气温度、二氧化碳混合比、水汽混合比等多种大气参数.对该激光雷达探测的大气参数和其他仪器包括卫星探测器MLS、无线电探空仪、DWL激光雷达、Raman激光雷达进行了对比,验证了L625激光雷达探测结果的可靠性和有效性;并且对测量数据进行了分析,得出了夏季合肥地区臭氧、气溶胶、水汽、温度、二氧化碳的基本特征.     

基于星载激光雷达双通道信息的气溶胶消光系数廓线反演算法研究

星载Mie散射激光雷达是当前应用最为广泛的获取全球尺度气溶胶剖面信息的探测设备。然而,大气气溶胶类型多样,通常假定气溶胶遵循特定模式并以此为先验,从而实现从激光雷达信号反演气溶胶消光系数廓线,但这一定程度上会影响反演精度的进一步提升。鉴于此,提出了一种基于星载激光雷达双通道信息的气溶胶消光系数廓线的迭代反演优化算法。该方法首先在给定的先验气溶胶模式下获得初始消光-后向散射比（即激光雷达比）,并基于此分别反演两个通道的气溶胶消光系数和光学厚度。同时借助构建的气溶胶光学厚度与气溶胶质量柱总量之间的关系,得到两通道独立估计的大气气溶胶质量柱总量。最后以两通道大气气溶胶质量柱总量相同为约束,实现仅依赖激光雷达数据的激光雷达比及气溶胶相关光学参数的迭代优化。由于双通道激光雷达观测的限制,该方法适用于两种类型气溶胶混合下的反演,利用内蒙古包头地区的多年气溶胶背景场,对反演模型的精度和适用性进行了评估。与采用经验估算激光雷达比的Fernald方法反演结果相比,所提算法反演的气溶胶消光系数廓线在532 nm和1064 nm通道的平均精度分别提高了21.16%和3.00%。此外,还将该方法应用在CALI...     

激光雷达测量大气气溶胶光学厚度方法研究

介绍一种激光雷达常数标定和气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)测量的新方法.利用太阳辐射计,获得大气气溶胶的光学厚度,激光雷达可以获得35～40 km高度的回波信号,在这一高度区间可忽略气溶胶的存在,大气模式可以提供大气分子散射系数,根据激光雷达方程计算出激光雷达常数.反之,标定激光雷达常数后,根据激光雷达方程,以激光雷达35～40 km的大气分子后向散射回波信号来确定气溶胶的光学厚度.激光雷达测量结果与太阳辐射计的测量结果一致性较好,说明该方法是可行的.这种新方法既可以用于白天的气溶胶光学厚度测量,也可以用于夜间测量.     

瑞利-拉曼散射激光雷达探测大气温度分布

介绍一台用于夜晚探测大气温度分布的L625瑞利-拉曼(Rayleigh-Raman)散射激光雷达。采用Nd：YAG激光器三倍频输出355nm作为发射激光，利用弱光子计数技术检测大气中分子的瑞利散射和N2分子振动拉曼散射回波，分析得到了平流层和对流层中上部大气温度的垂直分布廓线。其观测结果分别与HALOE／UARS卫星和无线电气象探空仪结果进行了对比分析。其中，激光雷达观测的平流层温度与HALOE卫星的结果对比表明，它们在高度25～65km内显示出较好的一致性，20个夜晚的平均温度差别基本上小于2K。激光雷达与无线电气象探空仪探测的对流层温度在高度为5～18km内反映了较为一致的分布趋势，15个夜晚的平均温度差别在6～16．5km高度内小于3K。这些结果表明，L625瑞利-拉曼散射激光雷达观测数据可靠，可用于大气温度分布的常规观测和分析研究。     

二氧化碳测量与对比分析

为了建立我国的大气模式和制定合适的大气环境保护政策,对大气参数(臭 氧浓度,相对湿度,气溶胶后向散射比,温度,二氧化碳浓度等)进行全面测 量并分析其基本特性十分重要。多功能性L625激光雷达能够分时测量大气中 的臭氧浓度、气溶胶消光系数、散射比、大气温度、二氧化碳混合比、水汽混合比 等多种大气参数。 对该激光雷达探测的大气参数和其他仪器包括卫星探测器 MLS、无线电探空仪、DWL激光雷达、Raman 激光雷达进行了对比,验证了L625激光 雷达探测结果的可靠性和有效性;并且对测量数据进行了分析,得出了夏季合肥地 区臭氧、气溶胶、水汽、温度、二氧化碳的基本特征。     

基于不动点原理的大气气溶胶消光系数边界值确定方法

提出了一种基于不动点原理的大气气溶胶消光系数边界值确定方法,其核心思想是将确定大气气溶胶消光系数边界值的问题转化为求解函数不动点。首先建立大气消光系数边界值与大气光学厚度和激光雷达回波信号之间的函数关系;其次依据函数不动点存在性和唯一性的条件估计不动点的存在,通过不动点迭代求得大气消光系数边界值,并由此值来确定大气气溶胶消光系数边界值。将本方法应用于实际激光雷达回波信号的反演中,得到低层大气气溶胶消光系数垂直廓线,并与在对流层顶使用洁净层法确定边界值所得的结果进行了对比。结果表明,利用本方法确定边界值,可以较为准确地反演出低层大气气溶胶消光系数。本方法可以预先估计不动点的存在区间、合理选取迭代初始值,具有收敛速度快、迭代次数少的优点,实际应用价值较强。     

气溶胶后向散射消光对数比对消光系数反演的影响研究

使用Mie散射激光雷达在阴、雾和晴三种天气状况下采集了大气回波信号,从所测数据反演气溶胶消光系数的过程中发现,气溶胶后向散射消光对数比对反演结果存在较大影响.在阴天天气下,当后向散射消光对数比从0.7变化到1.0时,气溶胶消光系数反演结果相差近5倍;对晴天天气,反演结果相差近3倍;而在有雾天气,其反演结果变化不大.通过参考大气能见度因子对消光系数进行修正,并从而获得对应的后向散射消光对数比,给出了一种根据天气状况确定气溶胶后向散射消光对数比的新方法.实际反演计算表明,用此方法可获得与实际更为接近的气溶胶消光系数.     

南京北郊气溶胶观测

介绍了南京北郊大气气溶胶观测及其数据分析结果。利用Raman-Rayleigh-Mie激光雷达系统对南京北郊气溶胶进行常规观测,并对观测数据进行反演分析。详细分析了米氏散射气溶胶消光系数的反演结果随边界值变化的灵敏度,提出了较为准确的气溶胶边界值的确定方法,由此得到较为准确的气溶胶光学参数。通过与地面观测结果的比较,说明了Raman-Rayleigh-Mie激光雷达的观测结果具有可比性,其边界值的确定及其反演方法在一定程度上可信,可行。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first     

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS(CHINA)

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NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS–ESPECIALLY THE USE OF MILLI-MICROWAVE BANDS

The global bandwidth shortage of wireless communications has motivated the exploration of the naillimeter wave （ram-wave） frequency spectrum for the next generation wireless communications. Recent advances in RF CMOS technology and high speed baseband signal processing technologies have enabled tile extensive research and development of turn-wave wireless communications. The multi gigabit per second data rate of ram-wave system will lead to applications in many important scenarios, such as WPAN, WLAN,back-haul for cellular system. And the frequency bands include 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 45GHz, 60GHz, E-BAND and even beyond 100 GHz. The propagation and the imitation of the RF circuits design in these frequency bands make the directional antennas be inevitable for mm-wave communications.