Pea seed-borne mosaic virus: occurrence in faba bean (Vicia faba) and lentil (Lens culinaris) in West Asia and North Africa,and further information on host range,transmission characteristics,and purification

In a survey for viruses of cultivated legumes in West Asia and North Africa, pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) was found in faba bean, lentil and pea. Using ELISA, it was detected in 107 out of 1554 faba bean samples and 40 out of 496 lentil samples with virus-like symptoms collected in Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Jordan, Lebanon., Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia and Turkey.A pea isolate (SP9-88) from Syria was further characterized. Out of 57 plant species tested, 35 were found susceptible, 19 of which are newly reported hosts of the virus. The virus was transmitted efficiently in the non-persistent manner by five aphid species, especiallyMyzus persicae. Purification from systemically infected faba bean plants yielded 10–15 mg of purified virus per kg of infected tissue. Sap-inoculation of the food and forage legume species chickpea, faba bean, lentil, pea,Vicia narbonensis, V. sativa, Lathyrus ochrus andL. sativus at flowering stage led to 66.0, 40.5, 44.6, 49.2, 31.7, 7.5, 35.7 and 12.0% yield loss, respectively, and to seed-transmission, rates of 0.7, 6.0, 10.8, 1.1, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.4%, respectively. No transmission was detected in chickpea seed embryo axes. However, the virus was detected in the seed coat of SPbMV-infected chickpea at an estimated rate of 1.81%.     

Survey of chickpea for viruses in Morocco

Chickpea was surveyed for viruses in the main growing areas of the crop in Morocco. A total of 36 fields was examined and 167 samples with symptoms suggestive of virus infection were collected. Serological testing using polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of the following viruses: alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), broad bean mottle bromovirus (BBMV), broad bean stain comovirus (BBSV), bean yellow mosaic potyvirus, cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), faba bean necrotic yellows nanavirus (FBNYV), lettuce mosaic potyvirus, pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV), and luteoviruses. Field symptoms of these viruses in chickpea comprised mosaics, yellowing, stunting, narrowing of leaflets and bushy growth. AMV, luteoviruses and potyviruses were found spread over the chickpea-growing regions, while BBSV, BBMV, and FBNYV were confined to some areas. Virus incidence per field varied from 1 to 40% for luteoviruses and from 1 to 20% for mosaic-inducing viruses. AMV, luteoviruses, potyviruses and CMV were detected in 89, 83, 75 and 42%, respectively, of the surveyed fields. BBMV, BBSV and FBNYV were less widespread at the national level. This is the first report of the occurrence of viruses other than CMV and BBMV in chickpea in Morocco, and the first record of the natural occurrence of BBSV and PSbMV in chickpea.     

蚕豆染色病毒(BBSV)在中国的发生与鉴定

 在1985年4月蚕豆病毒病的调查中,先后在四川、湖北、江苏和浙江4省的秋播蚕豆试验区内都发现一种由种子带毒的蚕豆染色病毒(BBSV)。所有病株都发生在由叙利亚国际旱地农业研究中心供种的试验区内,约10-40%的小区或品系发病,株发病率在0-18%之间。病害是随种子传入我国的。
病株为系统感染,病株叶片上的症状可以是轻花叶、斑驳、褪色斑或畸形,有的小叶正常而无明显病变。病毒粒体为等径球状体,直径28毫微米。病毒样本能与英g国染色病毒的抗血清发生沉淀反应,但与真花叶病毒的抗血清不发生反应。在病株上未发现能传毒的象甲,也无象甲的为害状,病毒病尚未扩散。在试验区以外的农田里未发现有蚕豆染色病毒存在。     

Tospoviruses infecting vegetable crops in Israel

Symptoms of vein clearing, stem necrosis, curling, necrotic spots and rings on the leaves associated with infection by tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) were documented among vegetable crops growing in commercial glasshouses and open fields in Israel. Plants exhibiting symptoms were collected, from 1994-01 to 1998-12. Among cultivated vegetable crops analysed for TSWV by ELISA, the following plants were found to be infected: tomato, capsicum, aubergine, lettuce, cabbage and cucumber. These incidences of the virus were all correlated with the occurrence in high population of Frankliniella occidentalis. Transmission of the virus from infected Datura stramonium to Petunia leaf discs, by F. occidentalis , was up to 26%. TSWV antigens were readily detected by ELISA in seeds harvested from naturally infected vegetable crops. However, we failed to show virus transmission to the progeny plants. Iris yellow spot tospovirus (IYSV) was detected in onion. High incidence of the disease was associated with large populations of Thrips tabaci.     

A mild strain of broad bean mottle virus from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Sudan

A new strain of broad bean mottle virus, isolated from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Sudan, is described. It differs considerably from known isolates by its nearly symptomless infection of faba bean in spite of high concentrations of the virus in infected plants. It does not differ from regular isolates in gel-diffusion serology, light and electron microscopy, host range and symptoms in major hosts other than faba bean. It may constitute a potential threat to other food legumes in the region.     

Survey of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for viruses in Morocco

A total of 52 faba-bean (Vicia faba L.) fields, located in the main growing areas in Morocco were surveyed for viruses. From 240 samples with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, the following viruses were detected using electron microscopy, serology, and biological indexing: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), broad bean stain virus (BBSV), broad bean true mosaic virus (BBTMV), pea earlybrowning virus (PEBV), pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV), and a complex of luteoviruses including bean leafroll virus (BLRV). This is the first report of the occurrence of BBTMV, PEMV, PSbMV, and the luteoviruses (including BLRV) of faba bean in Morcco. The luteoviruses and BBMV were found to be the most prevalent. They were detected in 56 and 50%, respectively, of the surveyed fields; while AMV, BBSV, and PEBV were found in single fields only. The remaining viruses were less prevalent, and were detected in a range of 4 to 15% of the fields surveyed. The incidences per field of the prevalent viruses varied and ranged from 1 to 33% for BBMV and up to 20% in the case of luteoviruses. BBMV was found confined to the central and northern parts of the country, BBTMV and PEMV mainly occurred in the central area, while the luteoviruses and BYMV were spread over the faba-bean growing regions of the country.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Biological and molecular characterization of Tomato spotted wilt Virus in Israel

Received April 24, 1997; received in final form June 29, 1997. Symptoms resembling tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infections were documented among ornamental and vegetable crops in commercial greenhouses and open fields in Israel. Plants exhibiting these symptoms were collected from January 1992 to December 1996. Among cultivated plants analyzed for TSWV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 19 species representing five families were found to be infected; natural infection was also recorded in six plant species of weeds. Virus identity was characterized by host range, serology and electron microscopy. Serological reaction with the isolates, found in Israel, using antisera from different sources as well as the sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid gene, demonstrated that the Israeli isolates of TSWV are a member of tospovirus serogroup I, type I (BR-01 strain). No virus transmission was found in seeds collected from virus-infected vegetable and ornamental crops. A non-radioactive molecular probe derived from the cloned nucleocapsid isolate enables specific detection of the virus in crude sap from infected plants. The detection of TSWV in Israel constitutes a severe potential threat to the ornamental and vegetable industry.     

Diversity and occurrence of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus on legumes from Iran

Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV; genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae) is one of the most important legume-infecting viruses with a wide host range and geographic distribution in Africa and Asia. In Iran, CpCDV is common in chickpea (Cicer arietinum), but there is limited information about diversity and infections in plants of other legume species. In the current study, a total of 1671 leaf samples from different pulse crops with symptoms were collected in nine provinces of Iran, and the CpCDV infection status was tested by PCR and/or rolling circle amplification (RCA), resulting in the detection of CpCDV in samples of chickpea, lentil (Lens culinaris) and faba bean (Vicia faba) from different regions. Sequence analysis of complete genomes of 18 isolates recovered by digestion of RCA products revealed infection with isolates of the strains CpCDV-A and CpCDV-F in chickpea, lentil and faba bean. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Iranian isolates of CpCDV were closely related to previously sequenced isolates of CpCDV-A and CpCDV-F. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of CpCDV-F in Iran. Using agroinoculation with infectious clones for one isolate each of CpCDV-A and CpCDV-F, infectivity was confirmed in both faba bean and chickpea, with plants developing leaf curling and/or yellowing. Both infectious clones also successfully infected Nicotiana benthamiana resulting in mild yellowing and intensive leaf curling for CpCDV-A, and dark-green mosaic, dwarfing and mild leaf curling for CpCDV-F.     

Erysiphe pisi var. pisi on faba beans and other legumes in Britain

The powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi var. pisi, complete with its teleomorph, has been observed on faba beans ( Vicia faba cultivars) for the first time in Britain. It appeared in a glasshouse on Syrian lines of fodder bean and English cultivars of broad bean. It also infected tare ( Vicia sativa ) and sweet pea ( Lathyrus odoratus ), but not edible pea ( Pisum sativum ), ornamental lupin ( Lupinus polyphyllus ), French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) or sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciaefolia ). Inoculations in a glasshouse showed that another strain of E. pisi var. pisi found on outdoor everlasting pea ( Lathyrus latifolius ) was also capable of affecting faba bean, and was distinguished by its ability to infect edible pea. A third strain found on outdoor ornamental lupin infected only lupin. E. pisi var. pisi was shown to be morphologically and pathogenically distinct from the Erysiphe sp. newly affecting tomatoes in Britain.     

Broad bean wilt virus: Host range,purification, serology,transmission characteristics,and occurrence in faba bean in West Asia and North Africa

A virus affecting faba bean in West Asia and Norht Africa was identified as broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) by host reactions, particle morphology and size, serology and transmission characteristics. An isolate from Syria (SV3-88) and one from Egypt (EV319-86) were found to be serologically identical and of serotype I. In host-range studies, the Syrian isolate infected systemically 59 out of 87 plant species tested. The virus was transmitted non-persistently by four aphid species naturally prevalent in Syria, but most efficiently byMyzus persicae. Inoculation of faba bean with SV3-88 14 weeks (pre-flowering) and 6 weeks after sowing (flowering) led to 25.8 and 1.8% yield loss and seed-transmission rates of 0.6 and 0.4%, respectively. The isolate SV3-88 was purified from systemically infected faba bean and yield 1.5–2 mg of partially purified virus per 100 g of leaves. When samples, with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, were collected during 1985–1989 from a number of countries in West Asia and North Africa and tested by ELISA, the virus was detected in 8 out of 127 samples tested (8/127) from Egypt, 0/44 from Lebanon, 1/23 from Morocco, 38/485 from the Sudan, 38/385 from Syria and 23/138 from Tunisia.Samenvatting Een virus uit veldboon of faba boon (Vicia faba) in West Azië en Noord-Afrika werd als tuinboneverwelkingsvirus (Fabavirus-groep) herkend aan zijn waardplantreacties, deeltjesvorm en grootte, serologie en wijze van overdracht. Een isolaat uit Syrië (SV3-88) en één uit Egypte (EV319-86) bleken serologisch identiek te zijn en te behoren tot serotype I van het virus. Met het Syrische isolaat kon in 59 van de 87 getoetste plantesoorten systemische infectie worden verkregen. Met vier veel in Syrië voorkomende bladluissorten kon het virus worden overgebracht, maar metMyzus persicae naar de meeste plantesoorten. Inoculatie van veldboon met SV3-88 vóór de bloei (14 weken na het zaaien) en tijdens de bloei (16 weken na het zaaien) gaf aanleiding tot respectivelijk 25,8 en 1,8% opbrengstreductie en tot 0,6 en 0,4% zaadoverdracht. Bij zuivering van isolaat SV3-88 uit systemisch geïnfecteerde fababoon was de opbrengst tot 1,5 à 2 mg gedeeltelijk gezuiverd virus per 100 g blad. Bij ELISA-toetsing in 1985–1989 van een groot aantal monsters afkomstig uit een aantal landen in West-Azië en Noord-Afrika werd het virus aangetoond in 8 van de 127 (8/127) monsters uit Egypte, 0/44 uit Libanon, 1/23 uit Marokko, 38/485 uit Soedan, 38/385 uit Syrië en 23/138 uit Tunesië.     

Quantitative aspects of Orobanche crenata infestation in faba beans as affected by abiotic factors and parasite soil seedbank

The interactions between the root parasitic weed Orobanche crenata Forsk. and its host plant faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) were quantified under controlled and field conditions at ICARDA's Tel Hadya research station. In the field experiments conducted in 1993–94 and 1994–95 faba beans were sown on two dates, in plots with 0, 50, 200 and 600 O. crenata seeds kg^–1 soil, under both limited and sufficient moisture supply. The effects of temperature on the duration of the early developmental stages of O. crenata were investigated in a growth chamber. The extent of O. crenata infestation was closely related to the number of parasite seeds in the soil. The seed-density treatment with 600 seeds kg^–1 soil resulted in complete crop failure. Furthermore, O. crenata infestation was higher under sufficient than under limiting water supply conditions, irrespective of sowing date. Only in the moderately infested plots, did shifting of the planting time of faba bean result in a significant decrease in parasite dry weight and an increase in crop seed yield. The timing of germination, attachment and further developmental stages of O. crenata was not related to faba bean growth stage and was affected primarily by soil temperature. The duration of O. crenata developmental stages was estimated using the thermal time concept. The relationship between total number of parasite attachments at the harvest of the faba bean crop and O. crenata seed density was dependent on maximum faba bean root-length density measured by the start of pod-filling in each treatment combination of sowing date and moisture supply. The results are discussed with reference to implications for the development of a dynamic simulation model for the prediction of faba bean yield losses caused by O. crenata .     

Mitigation of vanillic acid-promoted faba bean Fusarium wilt by faba bean–wheat intercropping

Long-term continuous monocropping of faba beans increases the incidence of faba bean wilt, while faba bean–wheat intercropping can effectively control it. This study aimed to understand the underlying mechanism of faba bean–wheat intercropping for the control of Fusarium oxysporum and vanillic acid (VA)-promoted occurrence of faba bean wilt. The occurrence of faba bean wilt was investigated among the monocropped and intercropped plants of faba beans in a field experiment. The contents and types of phenolic acids were examined in the rhizosphere soil. Monocropped and intercropped faba beans were examined under the dual stress of F. oxysporum and different concentrations of VA (0, 50, 100, 200 mg/L) to understand the alleviating mechanism of faba bean–wheat intercropping. Exogenous addition of high concentrations of VA significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of F. oxysporum, but under the dual stress of F. oxysporum and different concentrations of VA, it significantly inhibited the defence enzymes of faba bean roots, stems, and leaves, and rhizosphere soil enzymes. Interestingly, faba bean–wheat intercropping alleviated VA stress and thereby the incidence and disease index of faba bean Fusarium wilt by improving plant resistance and soil enzyme activity. The dual stress of F. oxysporum and VA promotes the occurrence of Fusarium wilt by damaging the defence system of the faba bean root system and rhizosphere soil environment. However, faba bean–wheat intercropping effectively alleviates the autotoxicity of VA by improving the physiological and biochemical resistance of faba beans and soil enzyme activities, and thus controls the occurrence of Fusarium wilt.     

Variability in Geminivirus Isolates Associated with Phaseolus spp. in Brazil

ABSTRACT Bean golden mosaic geminivirus (BGMV) is the single most devastating virus of common beans in the tropical and subtropical Americas and the Caribbean Basin. The BGMV from Brazil, named BGMV-BZ, is considered distinct from BGMV-PR isolates from Puerto Rico, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic because of DNA sequence data, the ability to form pseudorecombinants, and mechanical transmissibility properties. In bean-growing areas of Brazil, samples were collected from beans, lima beans, and the weed Leonurus sibiricus displaying typical symptoms of infection by geminiviruses. Viral DNA fragments comprising part of the rep gene, the common region, and part of the cp gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. The bean samples had geminivirus with sequences nearly identical to that of BGMV-BZ collected in Goiania, state of Goiás, in 1986. The sample from lima bean contained a new species of geminivirus that induces symptoms similar to those induced by BGMV-BZ and was named lima bean golden mosaic virus (LBGMV-BR). While all sequences from bean samples clustered with BGMV-BZ, the sequence from the lima bean isolate stood alone. A mixed infection with abutilon mosaic geminivirus was also found in a single sample from the state of S?o Paulo. DNA sequence comparisons indicate that the virus isolate from L. sibiricus represents a new geminivirus species, designated here as leonurus mosaic virus.     

Broad bean mottle virus: Identification,host range,serology, and occurrence on faba bean (Vicia faba) in West Asia and North Africa

One of the faba bean viruses found in West Asia and North Africa was identified as broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) by host reactions, particle morphology and size, serology, and granular, often vesiculated cytoplasmic inclusions. Detailed research on four isolates, one each from Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan and Syria, provided new information on the virus.The isolates, though indistinguishable in ELISA or gel-diffusion tests, differed slightly in host range and symptoms. Twenty-one species (12 legumes and 9 non-legumes) out of 27 tested were systemically infected, and 14 of these by all four isolates. Infection in several species was symptomless, but major legumes such as chickpea, lentil and especially pea, suffered severely from infection. All 23 genotypes of faba bean, 2 of chickpea, 4 of lentil, 11 out of 21 ofPhaseolus bean, and 16 out of 17 of pea were systemically sensitive to the virus. Twelve plant species were found to be new potential hosts and cucumber a new local-lesion test plant of the virus.BBMV particles occurred in faba bean plants in very high concentrations and seed transmission in this species (1.37%) was confirmed.An isolate from Syria was purified and two antisera were produced, one of which was used in ELISA to detect BBMV in faba bean field samples. Two hundred and three out of the 789 samples with symptoms suggestive of virus infection collected in 1985, 1986 and 1987, were found infected with BBMV: 4 out of 70 (4/70) tested samples from Egypt, 0/44 from Lebanon, 1/15 from Morocco, 46/254 from Sudan, 72/269 from Syria and 80/137 from Tunisia. This is the first report on its occurrence in Egypt, Syria and Tunisia. The virus is a potential threat to crop improvement in the region.Samenvatting Eén van de in West-Azië en Noord-Afrika in faba-boon aangetroffen virussen werd geïdentificeerd als het tuinbonevlekkenvirus (broad bean mottle virus) op grond van waardplantreacties, deeltjesvorm en-grootte, serologische eigenschappen en granulaire, vaak gevacuoliseerde celinsluitsels. Verder onderzoek aan vier isolaten uit respectievelijk Marokko, Tunesië, Soedan en Syrië verschafte nieuwe informatie, over het virus.De in ELISA of gel-diffusietoetsen serologisch niet te onderscheiden isolaten verschilden enigszins in waardplantenreeks en symptomen. Van 27 getoetste plantesoorten werden 21 systemisch geïnfecteerd (12 vlinderbloemigen, en 9 niet-vlinderbloemigen) waarvan 14 door alle vier isolaten. In vele ervan was de infectie symptoomloos, maar belangrijke als gewas geteelde vlinderbloemigen, zoals erwt, linzen en kekererwt, leden ernstig onder aantasting. Alle 23 getoetste faba-boongenotypen, beide van kekererwt, alle vier van linzen, 11 van de 21 getoetste vanPhaseolus-boon en 16 van de 17 van erwt bleken systemisch gevoelig voor het virus. Twaalf plantesoorten, bleken nieuwe potentiële waardplanten en komkommer een nieuwe lokale-lesietoetsplant voor het virus te zijn.In faba-boneplanten kwam, het virus in hoge concentratie voor en overdracht met zaad (1.37%) in deze soort kon worden bevestigd.Een Syrisch isolaat werd gezuiverd en twee antisera werden bereid, waarvan één werd gebruikt voor de detectie van het virus in te velde verzamelde monsters. Van 789 in 1985 tot en met 1987 verzamelde bladmonsters, met symptomen die deden denken aan virusinfectie, bleken 203 het virus te bevatten en wel 4 van de 70 (4/70) uit Egypte, 0/44 uit Libanon, 1/15 uit Marokko, 46/254 uit Soedan, 72/269 uit Syrië en 80/137 uit Tunesië. Het virus was nog niet eerder aangetoond in Egypte, Syrië en Tunesië.De grote verbreiding, grote kunstmatige waardplantenreeks, overdracht met zaad, en pathogeniteit voor een aantal belangrijke vlinderbloemige gewassen maken het virus tot een potentiële bedreiging van de programma's tot verbetering van de teelt van de bedoelde gewassen in het betrokken gebied.     

侵染蚕豆的芜菁花叶病毒的鉴定与提纯

 在江苏浙江等地的蚕豆苗上出现的红褐色环斑或白色斑驳症状.经鉴定是芜菁花叶病毒侵害的结果.在病组织中的病毒粒体为弯杆状.长度750-800nm。摩擦接种在苋色藜上,接种叶上出现大块黄色枯斑,直径约3毫米,顶叶系统感染,在克氏烟、芜菁、油菜上为系统花叶.在蚕豆苗上的症状,视品种和环境条件而异,在有限生长的品种上多为红褐色环斑.在启东蚕豆上多为白色斑驳,豆荚上也可出现变色斑。对病毒的提纯方法作了改进,用冻融的20%蔗糖溶液可代替常规的10-40%蔗糖梯度液,精提纯的效果相同。     

Occurrence and incidence of viruses infecting green beans in south-eastern Spain

A study was conducted to determine the identity and prevalence of viruses in 455 greenhouses in the main Spanish green bean growing area. Directed surveys were conducted in 422 crops from 2000–2004 to collect samples from diseased plants displaying symptoms that could be attributed to viruses. The samples were analysed to detect any virus by means of dsRNA extraction, mechanical inoculation to test plants, as well as ELISA and/or RT-PCR tests to detect potyviruses, geminiviruses and viruses previously known to infect beans in Spain. Random surveys were conducted in the years 2002 and 2005 (in 21 and 12 greenhouses, respectively) to study the actual incidence of known viruses in the area. Symptoms were recorded in 23,108 plants from which 664 plants were collected and analysed by ELISA or RT-PCR. The results of the directed surveys showed that all the analyzed crops carried the cryptic virus Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus (PVuV), whereas phytopathogenic viruses appeared in smaller percentages of the crops: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) 20.4%, Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) 9.0%, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) 4.0%, and the new species Bean yellow disorder virus (BnYDV) that broke out in 2004 with occurrence values higher than 34.3% that year. From 2000–2004 an important decrease in TYLCV was observed, along with a slight increase in SBMV and a consistently low occurrence of TSWV. The results of the random surveys confirmed the increased occurrence of virus detected during the directed surveys, and furthermore demonstrated the percentage of incidence for each virus.     

Reaction of genotypes from several species of grain and forage legumes to infection with a French pea isolate of the oomycete <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphanomyces euteiches</Emphasis>

The susceptibility/resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches of various genotypes (cultivars and breeding lines) of several grain legume species was assessed in controlled conditions. A total of 279 genotypes from the major grain legumes grown in temperate climates (faba bean, chickpea, lentil, lupin and common vetch) and three other legumes frequently cultivated in France (French bean, clover and alfalfa) were screened with one pea-infecting isolate from France. Four different categories of susceptibility/resistance were identified among the legume species/cultivars tested with the pea A. euteiches isolate: (1) susceptible legume species (lentil, alfalfa, French bean) among which low levels of partial resistance was observed; (2) legume species including susceptible genotypes and genotypes with high levels of resistance (common vetch, faba bean and clover), (3) species with a very high level of resistance (chickpea) and (4) species displaying no symptoms (lupin). It is therefore important to consider pathogen-species and pathogen-genotype interactions when defining the host specificity of A. euteiches and considering the possible role of different legume species in increasing or decreasing the soil inoculum potential.     

扬州蚕豆病毒病的鉴定及野豌豆潜隐病毒M扬州分离物基因组克隆及其序列分析

 对田间疑似病毒侵染的蚕豆样品,提取总RNA,分离siRNA,建库并通过高通量测序,其结果经velvet拼接组装, 经Blastn与NCBI比对分析,发现该样品感染4种病毒:野豌豆潜隐病毒M (vicia cryptic virus M,VCV-M)、野豌豆潜隐病毒 (vicia cryptic virus, VCV)、紫云英矮宿病毒 (milk vetch dwarf virus, MDV) 和三叶草黄脉病毒 (clover yellow vein virus, ClYVV)。其中,有14条VCV-M相关的contigs。RT-PCR扩增并拼接获得VCV-M-YZ基因组,其长度为3 434 nt, 其5′-UTR和3′-UTR 分别为142 nt和117 nt,各自形成与该属代表病毒南方番茄病毒 (southern tomato virus, STV) 5′-UTR和3′-UTR相似的高级结构,且A+U含量均较高。 VCV-M-YZ与已报道的VCV-M基因组序列一致性在98%以上。系统进化分析表明,VCV-M-YZ与已报道的VCV-M属于一个种,无明显的地理分布差异。本研究结果丰富了VCV-M群体的基因组遗传信息,为VCV-M的监测及深入研究提供了基础。     

常熟地区蚕豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定及其致病力初探

2000、2001年在江苏省常熟地区采集了有典型枯萎症状的蚕豆标样各50个,获94个镰刀菌单孢菌株。经鉴定分别属于尖孢镰孢(Fusarium axysporum)、燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum)、串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme )、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、三线镰孢(F.tricinctum)、禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)和茄镰孢(F.solani),其中尖孢镰孢、燕麦镰孢、串珠镰孢、木贼镰孢为该地区蚕豆镰刀菌枯萎病的主要病原菌。测定了48个镰刀菌菌株对蚕豆的致病力,尖孢镰孢、木贼镰孢、串珠镰孢和燕麦镰孢对蚕豆的致病力都较强。用蚕豆枯萎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌交叉接种棉花和蚕豆,结果表明两者存在着较强的交互侵染能力。