回火温度对中碳合金钢4Cr5MoSiV1Nb组织和性能的影响

 为了优化合金性能，研究了回火温度对中碳合金钢4Cr5MoSiV1Nb组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明，4Cr5MoSiV1Nb合金钢的二次硬化温度区间为300～550 ℃，峰值出现在550 ℃，此时硬度值为56.3HRC，同时伴有冲击韧性的显著降低，冲击韧性降低的原因是合金钢回火时含铬铬的细短棒状合金渗碳体在晶界析出，可以推测减少淬火合金钢中铬的偏析将会减少晶界析出，提高冲击韧性。微量铌的加入形成了（V，Nb）C强化相颗粒。合金在250～350 ℃回火综合性能最佳，可以达到冲击韧性15 J/cm2、硬度55HRC以上。     

汽轮机叶片钢1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN热处理工艺

在汽轮机叶片钢国产化过程中,为了保证材料性能,需要选择一个合适的热处理制度,所以针对热处理中回火温度对各项力学性能的影响进行研究.结果表明,该材料的合适淬火温度为1000℃,在550～650℃温度区间每隔20℃回火,研究温度对强度、面缩率、硬度、冲击功的影响;在回火温度为580℃,组织无明显的δ-铁素体存在,且满足材料性能的设计要求.     

淬火及回火处理对新型槽帮钢30MnSiCrMo组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸冲击试验机及布氏硬度计等研究了新型槽帮钢30MnSiCrMo经900～920℃30 min淬火,350～550℃2h回火的组织性能变化。结果表明,350～550℃不同回火过程中,试验钢出现马氏体分解、碳化物转变、聚集长大及α相回复再结晶等转变,室温组织由回火马氏体向回火屈氏体和回火索氏体过渡。随着回火温度的上升,基体固溶强化与碳化物析出强化减弱,试验钢的强度与硬度连续降低,而塑性与韧性不断提高,试验钢在900和920℃30 min水淬后450～520℃2 h回火时获得良好的强韧性匹配,即抗拉强度1159～1008 MPa,屈服强度1107～944 MPa,断后伸长率11.8%～15.0%,室温硬度336～293HBW,V型缺口冲击吸收功45.5～67.5 J,能够满足中部槽材料的强韧性要求。     

回火温度对低碳贝氏体钢AH80DB冲击韧性的影响

研究了低碳贝氏体钢AH80DB不同回火温度对冲击韧性的影响。研究结果表明,在250℃左右M／A岛开始分解,300℃-350℃分解数量多,尺寸大,且沿晶界分布,发生了回火脆性,导致冲击韧性差。随着回火温度的升高,M／A岛的分解在500-550℃基本完成,冲击韧性逐渐升高。     

低成本型低碳贝氏体钢Q590E生产工艺研究

通过低C含量、高Mn含量、加入Cr、B的低成本成分设计和TMCP+不同温度回火工艺试验,系统地研究回火温度对Q590E钢性能的影响。结果表明:低碳贝氏体钢Q590E的屈服强度随回火温度的提高先升高后降低,抗拉强度随回火温度的提高逐渐降低,延伸率和冲击功变化不大。回火工艺范围较宽,在560～610℃温度范围回火可得到综合性能良好的目标产品。     

回火温度和冷却方式对T91钢组织性能的影响

 结合现场实际情况,为改善T91组织性能而利于后期加工,利用金相观察、扫描电镜及显微硬度试验等手段,研究分析300～780 ℃不同回火温度及回火冷却速度下T91钢的组织及硬度变化规律。试验结果表明,300～400 ℃回复程度低,硬度难以降低;500～600 ℃为碳化物析出敏感区间,大量碳化物在基体弥散析出,在此区间硬度较高且有上升趋势;随着温度从600升高到780 ℃,碳化物沿晶界充分析出,硬度降低。随着回火冷却速度的增加,硬度逐渐降低,以5 ℃/min缓慢冷却经过500～600 ℃敏感区间,碳化物弥散析出,基体硬度较高;以780 ℃回火保温和较快冷却速度（50 ℃/min）进行冷却处理后,快速通过碳化物析出敏感区间,碳化物在基体析出少,硬度明显降低,综合性能满足后续加工。     

高强度结构钢直接淬火回火工艺试验研究

通过合理的成分设计,采用直接淬火回火（DQ-T）工艺,在实验室成功试制了1000MPa级高强钢,并结合金相、透射电子显微技术,研究了不同回火温度对试验钢组织、析出与性能的影响规律。结果表明,随回火温度的升高,强度呈现起伏现象;在400～450℃区间出现回火脆性。直接淬火回火工艺获得显微结构为回火索氏体与回火贝氏体组织,各项性能指标均满足1000MPa级高强钢的要求。     

回火温度对热轧耐候桥梁钢组织和性能的影响

针对热轧态耐候桥梁钢Q345qDNH进行不同温度回火试验,研究回火温度对最终力学性能和组织的影响.结果 表明:试验钢在300 ～600℃较宽温度范围内回火,均获得良好的综合力学性能,在500℃回火时各项力学性能达到最优状态;在回火过程中,热轧态部分位错消失,形变及相变过程中产生的内应力得到释放,碳氮化物析出,可有效细化...     

回火温度对40 Cr钢组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、金相组织检验、洛氏硬度及冲击试验,研究分析了450～690℃回火温度下,40Cr钢组织和性能的变化。结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,40Cr钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度、屈强比及硬度单调下降,断后伸长率、冲击吸收功单调上升;回火组织主要为回火索氏体,其形态由保留少量的马氏体形向细密形及粗大形转变;抗拉强度、屈服强度与回火硬度成良好的线性关系。510～660℃回火时,40Cr钢冲击吸收功随回火硬度的升高逐渐降低,且回火硬度为27～29 HRC时降幅最大。     

一种低合金超高强度钢组织与性能的研究

通过拉伸、冲击和断裂韧性等力学试验方法,光学显微镜、SEM、TEM和XRD等分析测试方法以及热力学平衡计算方法,对一种发动机壳体用低合金超高强度钢(30Cr3)的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:试验钢30Cr3的室温平衡转变组织为?Fe和碳化物(包括MC、M23C6、M7C3);30Cr3钢具有很好的淬透性,正火处理后,主要得到马氏体组织;在回火过程中,?碳化物在马氏体板条内弥散析出.在试验条件下,30Cr3钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度随着回火温度的升高而逐渐提高,在250℃回火时,抗拉强度达到最大值1870MPa而随着回火温度的提高,冲击韧性和断裂韧性逐渐降低.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.