浅析河南黄河河道泥沙淤积

本文简要概括了河南黄河河道工程的建设历程,提出了河南黄河河道治理的难点是由泥沙淤积引出的悬河态势加重、河道宽浅散乱问题,分析了河南段泥沙淤积的成因,提出了新环境下加强河南河道行洪能力,有效解决河道泥沙淤积问题的可行举措是对主河槽进行清淤挖深。     

城市复杂基坑边坡稳定性评价与治理措施研究

由于城市复杂基坑边坡的大量出现,边坡稳定性评价与治理已经成为确保城市复杂基坑边坡稳定的关键所在。一般的边坡稳定性评价与治理都相对成熟,而对于城市复杂基坑的边坡稳定性与治理措施研究相对较少。本文利用数值分析模拟对边坡稳定性进行分析,并对治理方案进行研究。通过对实际工程建研科研实验大楼的现场勘察与试验,确定分析和评价所需的参数。本文以实际工程为背景,设计支护方案,进行模拟分析,对治理措施进行研究,使得城市复杂基坑边坡稳定性评价与治理措施更具实际意义。     

城市水环境治理项目施工质量管理绩效评价

为提高城市水环境治理项目的治理质量和效率,对城市水环境治理项目施工阶段的质量管理绩效进行定量研究。建立了基于AHP-熵权法的质量管理绩效模糊综合评价模型,应用该模型对深圳茅洲河水环境治理项目施工阶段的质量管理绩效进行评价。结果表明,施工准备、施工和竣工验收3 个阶段的质量管理绩效等级均为良好,与项目实际情况相符。根据评价结果,提出了完善城市水环境治理项目施工质量管理的意见。     

高边坡稳定性评价的模糊层次与集对分析耦合模型

高边坡稳定性的定量评价对工程建设及灾害治理具有重要意义。建立岩质高边坡稳定性评价的指标体系及其评价等级标准,以模糊层次评价法确定边坡系统各级稳定性指标的权重,引入集对分析方法建立高边坡稳定性评价的模糊层次与集对分析(FAHP-SPA)耦合模型。FAHP-SPA耦合模型在三峡永久船闸岩质高边坡的实证研究结果表明,该模型物理概念清晰,计算结果合理、精度较高,建模过程直观简便,为边坡工程以及其他复杂系统的体系评价提供了新的参考方法。     

水平或缓倾斜地层中房柱式采空区自稳性分析

指出采空区的稳定性评价问题是目前矿产开采及环境治理领域普遍关注的问题，在总结前人研究成果的基础上尝试利用应力扩散理论分析应力在水平或缓倾斜地层中房柱式采空区上浮岩土层内的传递规律及其上浮岩土层的移动变形过程，探讨了采空区的稳定性评价及其治理的新的分析方法。     

非正规垃圾填埋场地污染治理技术研究与示范工程

<正>一、项目简介本项目是针对非正规垃圾污染场地进行土壤修复,地下水防护,消除污染、资源化利用的环境治理项目,主要研究的内容包括:非正规垃圾填埋场地勘察方法研究、污染风险等级评价方法研究、场地治理技术的选择与研究、治理设备装置的集成研发、废旧塑料和腐殖土的资源化利用、示范工程的建设以及治理成果的推广应用。本项目在勘察和评价方法、治理技术、设备集成上都取得了创新。研究成果已推广应用于北京市非正规垃圾场治理工作中。     

地下工程研究的基本地学观点和原理

地下工程是典型的地质工程，所以地学在地下工程稳定性研究中具有重要意义。因此对地下工程研究的基本地学观点和原理予以讨论，着重分析了影响地下工程稳定性的基本地学要素、地下工程稳定性的优势面分析原理、量化评价模型以及地下工程治理的地质工程原理。     

黄河堤防边坡稳定性的可靠度分析

为了更能准确地评价黄河堤防边坡的稳定性,对可靠度理论在黄河堤防边坡稳定性分析中的应用进行了研究;可靠度理论是建立在概率统计基础上的,充分考虑了土体抗剪强度参数c、ψ值的变异性及其相关性等对边坡稳定的影响;利用编制的蒙特卡罗法边坡稳定可靠度分析程序进行了工程实例计算,得出的评价边坡稳定性的可靠指标比定值法得出的安全系数更能反映工程实际情况,具有极其重要的应用推广价值.     

顺层岩石滑坡的分析与设计

以云南元磨高速公路某段顺层滑坡为例，分析了它的成因、性质与规模，对滑坡、边坡稳定性进行了评价，查明了边坡工程处于不稳定性阶段，提出了对顺层滑坡、边坡治理的方案与意见。     

滑坡治理工程效果评价系统研究

以已整治的重庆奉云路挖断村滑坡治理工程为背景,建立了滑坡治理工程评价指标体系,并基于Excel VBA开发了滑坡治理效果评价系统,利用该系统对挖断村滑坡治理工程进行了分析评价,得出评价结果与实际工程分析结论较为相符。     

上海地区河道整治规划的特征识别及有效性评估

在初步识别上海地区水环境特征及其整治阶段的基础上,尝试构建了包含现状调查和问题诊断、河流整治目标设定、河流整治措施制定以及监测、管理和评估等四部分的河流整治规划的技术程序。同时,以近年河道整治工程可行性研究报告为对象,探讨了上海地区河道整治规划的主要特征及其有效性。研究结果表明,上海地区河道整治规划具有以下特征:河流污染源复杂与现状调查系统性的缺乏,在一定程度上制约了河流环境问题的有效识别;社会目标需求高度重视与河流健康缺乏关注,影响了河流系统健康恢复的有效性和可持续性;工程倾向突出与关注水生态修复的并存,体现整治措施的多元化特征;动态评估滞后以及公众参与的缺乏,限制了河流整治效果的长期维护;流域尺度考虑欠缺与干扰程度偏大,阻碍了河流恢复的持续性。     

国内外城市河道整治的历史、现状及趋势

介绍了国内外城市河道整治的发展过程（历经初级阶段、工程阶段以及环境阶段）,并以上海地区为例,从河流功能定位、整治目标、存在的问题、整治措施、整治项目环境影响评价及后期环境监测等6个方面探讨了目前国内城市河道整治存在的问题。在此基础上,从整治理念、技术方法、时空尺度、公众参与等层面提出了整治目标的科学设定、综合系统方法的实施、适应性管理的应用、流域尺度的拓展以及全社会的共同参与等河道整治的发展趋势。     

南京城区某黑臭排涝水体综合整治

以南京市江宁区杨家圩河道为例,通过对河道周边排口、水质等状况进行调查,探讨河道水环境综合整治的方案设计及工程应用,并取得了一定的成果。结果表明,通过对该河道采取控源截污、集成式生物强化系统、多功能综合生态湿地、水下曝气复氧、生态组合修复以及环保清淤等综合整治措施,河道水质指标均有极大改善,溶解氧浓度从均值0.48 mg/L上升到均值3.04 mg/L,提升了5.96倍,而氨氮、总磷和COD分别平均降低了66.94%、78.73%和57.84%,基本达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅴ类标准。     

Hydrochemical processes controlling arsenic and heavy metal contamination in the Elqui river system (Chile)

Severe arsenic poisoning from drinking water has been documented in Northern Chile. However, the Elqui River, which provides water for approximately 200,000 people in this region, is poorly studied and no data on contaminants have been published to date. In this study, trace elements and the main aqueous constituents were monitored for approximately 2 years in the entire river system. Aqueous species of trace elements were determined via thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, and two operationally-defined suspended fractions were analyzed. Chalco- and arsenopyrite deposits in the upper Andes, in conjunction with mining and geothermal activity, were identified as exclusive point sources of heavy metals and arsenic. The annual input to the river system was approximately (t year(-1)): Fe 600, Mn 110, Cu 130, Zn 35 and As 2.0. The confluence with pH-buffered waters in the upper river system caused collapse of iron hydroxide colloids and coprecipitation of all heavy metals, e.g. dissolved copper concentrations decreased from approximately 100 to approximately 0.2 micromol l(-1), which is still of ecotoxic concern. The heavy metal enriched suspended solids settled only in the lower Elqui River. Arsenate did not adsorb to suspended solids and behaved strictly conservatively, exceeding the WHO guideline value for drinking water (0.13 micromol l(-1)) in the entire river system. Decontamination may be accomplished with reasonable efforts upstream in direct vicinity to the sources via coprecipitation, settling and appropriate pH adjustment for arsenate adsorption.     

Pollution pattern surveillance on a river used as a drinking water source: The river meuse

The total amount of water to be abstracted by 1985 directly or indirectly from the river Meuse in Belgium and the Netherlands for water supply purposes, is estimated at 800 million m³. This prospect makes preservation of river water quality of the utmost importance. A detailed water quality surveillance system, covering the Belgian part of the Meuse river basin, was worked out in the early sixties by the water supply company of Antwerp.

The present state of the surveillance system is described. General features of the water pollution pattern in the river are discussed, with emphasis on pollution by heat, suspended solids, organic substance and salts.     

Expert systems in river basin management

The basic features of expert systems are outlined and illustrated, and the potential of such an approach as an aid to decision-making in the field of river basin management is explored. Work undertaken towards the development of an expert system for the operational control of a wastewater treatment plant is described. Further areas of potential application are discussed, including data utilization.     

利用长江水作热泵系统冷热源的技术分析

介绍了江水源热泵系统的形式，分析了长江重庆段的水温和水质情况。研究表明，长江水作为冷热源适于发展水源热泵技术，应优先选择壳管式直接利用热泵系统。此外，针对长江水泥沙含量高、夏季悬浮物和微生物数量多的问题，探讨了江水的净化处理、增强传热和除垢、热泵系统工况分析、取水方式以及江水二次利用等关键技术。     

Modelling sediment-microbial dynamics in the South Nation River, Ontario, Canada: Towards the prediction of aquatic and human health risk

Runoff from agricultural watersheds can carry a number of agricultural pollutants and pathogens; often associated with the sediment fraction. Deposition of this sediment can impact water quality and the ecology of the river, and the re-suspension of such sediment can become sources of contamination for reaches downstream. In this paper a modelling framework to predict sediment and associated microbial erosion, transport and deposition is proposed for the South Nation River, Ontario, Canada. The modelling framework is based on empirical relationships (deposition and re-suspension fluxes), derived from laboratory experiments in a rotating circular flume using sediment collected from the river bed. The bed shear stress governing the deposition and re-suspension processes in the stream was predicted using a one dimensional mobile boundary flow model called MOBED. Counts of live bacteria associated with the suspended and bed sediments were used in conjunction with measured suspended sediment concentration at an upstream section to allow for the estimation of sediment associated microbial erosion, transport and deposition within the modelled river reach. Results suggest that the South Nation River is dominated by deposition periods with erosion only occurring at flows above approximately 250 m³ s⁻¹ (above this threshold, all sediment (suspended and eroded) with associated bacteria are transported through the modelled reach). As microbes are often associated with sediments, and can survive for extended periods of time, the river bed is shown to be a possible source of pathogenic organisms for erosion and transport downstream during large storm events. It is clear that, shear levels, bacteria concentrations and suspended sediment are interrelated requiring that these parameters be studied together in order to understand aquatic microbial dynamics. It is important that any management strategies and operational assessments for the protection of human and aquatic health incorporate the sediment compartments (suspended and bed sediment) and the energy dynamics within the system in order to better predict the concentration of indicator organism.     

River flow and associated transport of sediments and solutes through a highly urbanised catchment, Bradford, West Yorkshire

The hydrological characteristics of catchments become drastically modified in response to urbanisation. The total contributions and dynamics of runoff, suspended sediment and solutes may change significantly and have important implications downstream where they may affect flooding, instream ecological habitat, water quality and siltation of river channels and lakes. Although an appreciation of the likely hydrological changes is crucial for effective catchment management they are still poorly understood. In this paper we present data from a network of river monitoring stations throughout the heavily urbanised Bradford catchment, West Yorkshire. Sites are upstream, within and downstream of the highly urbanised central part of the catchment. Flow, turbidity (calibrated to suspended sediment concentration) and specific conductance (surrogate for solute concentration), logged at 15-min intervals, are presented for a 12-month period (June 2000 to June 2001). The total amounts and dynamics of flow, solute and suspended sediment transport were investigated. Estimated total flow and suspended sediment transport for the monitoring period were found to be high in response to the high total rainfall. Flow and sediment transport regimes were extremely 'flashy' throughout the catchment and became increasingly flashy in a downstream direction. Suspended sediment discharged from the Bradford subcatchment makes an important contribution to downstream sediment transport on the river Aire at Beal. Data suggest that the urbanised part of the Bradford catchment is extremely important in contributing solutes to the Beck (river). Although flow and sediment are also contributed to the Bradford Beck in the urbanised part of the catchment the data suggest that significant amounts may enter the combined sewer system and bypass the river. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of flow and the transport of suspended sediment and solutes in rivers in urbanized subcatchments is crucial to their effective management and monitoring. Furthermore, this knowledge may be extremely important to the management and monitoring of downstream rivers in large scale mixed catchments.     

蕉门河整治工程国民经济评价

基于施工组织设计和环境保护是建设工程设计文件的重要组成部分,介绍了蕉门河整治工程施工导流设计和环境保护方案,为类似工程积累了经验,对整体优化设计方案具有重要的意义。