化脓性汗腺炎与相关皮肤菌群的研究进展

化脓性汗腺炎以反复发生疼痛性皮肤脓肿、窦道伴瘢痕形成为特征,其病因及发病机制尚不清楚,但与皮肤菌群密切相关,金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、混合厌氧菌是在患者皮损中最常分离到的细菌.本文就化脓性汗腺炎与相关皮肤菌群的研究进展进行综述.     

网状植皮治疗化脓性汗腺炎一例

化脓性汗腺炎治疗较棘手,我们应用网状植皮联合真空封闭引流技术成功治疗化脓性汗腺炎一例。本例网状植皮可能会更利于化脓性汗腺炎的恢复,为治疗该病提供了一种新的手术方式。     

Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful recurrent inflammatory nodules, leading to the formation of abscesses and scarring. In this article, we aim to review the psychiatric comorbidities in HS patients. It is estimated that one in four adults with HS suffers from depression and one out of five patients HS patients has anxiety. Bipolar disorders, psychoses, schizophrenia, and suicide are more common in HS patients than healthy individuals. Given the high rates of psychiatric comorbidities in HS patients, a psychosocial evaluation at an early visit could be a great tool for monitoring patients experiencing emotional burden. Referrals to psychiatric specialists, psychologists, and behavioral counselors are a part of a multidisciplinary approach recommended for the management of HS.     

Treatment of severe recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa with adalimumab

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring inflammatory nodules, fistulas and discharge of secretions in the intertriginous regions. Without therapy the disease is chronic and progressive. The most effective treatment is the radical wide excision of the affected areas. Systemic antibiotics, immunosuppressants, oral retinoids or antiandrogens have limited beneficial effects. TNF‐α antagonists may represent a new therapeutic approach for patients suffering from severe hidradenitis suppurativa offering promising positive influence on the disease outcome. In contrast to infliximab and etanercept, there are only few reports describing the use of adalimumab in severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Here we report a case of a patient with severe recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa successfully treated with adalimumab.     

Contribution of fibroblasts to tunnel formation and inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa/ acne inversa

The precise pathogenic mechanisms in the development, persistence and worsening of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remain ill‐defined. This chronic inflammatory dermatosis displays a strong Th1 and Th17 inflammatory signature with elevated levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐17 and IFNγ in lesional and perilesional tissue. HS significantly differs to other chronic inflammatory dermatoses due to the development of hypertrophic scarring and dermal tunnels. The development of scarring and tunnels suggests that fibroblastic stromal cells (including myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, pericytes etc) may be involved in the development and progression of disease. Heterogeneous populations of fibroblasts have been identified in other inflammatory disorders and malignancy which contribute to inflammation and present novel therapeutic targets for fibrotic disorders. Findings in HS are consistent with these fibroblast subpopulations and may contribute to tunnel formation, aggressive squamous cell carcinoma and the phenotypic presentation of familial HS variants. We describe the existing knowledge regarding these mechanistic pathways and methods to confirm their involvement in the pathogenesis of HS.     

Moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa treated with biological therapies

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a debilitating disorder that can be difficult to manage with current conventional treatment strategies. Given its association with proinflammatory cytokines there has been interest in the use of novel biological monoclonal antibodies. We describe our experience with the use of these agents in six patients in whom conventional treatment had failed, with promising response noted in some patients. A growing number of studies now highlight the efficacy of these agents.     

Clindamycin and rifampicin combination therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas of the skin. There is currently no satisfactory treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a 10-week course of combination clindamycin 300 mg twice daily and rifampicin 300 mg twice daily in the treatment of HS. METHODS: Patients who had received combination therapy with clindamycin and rifampicin for HS at one U.K. Dermatology Centre between the years 1998 and 2003 were identified from pharmacy records. Their records were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with HS had received treatment with combination therapy. Eight of these patients achieved remission and a further two achieved remission when minocycline was substituted for clindamycin. Four patients were unable to tolerate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This small retrospective study indicates that combination therapy with clindamycin and rifampicin may be effective for HS. However, there is a need for a placebo-controlled trial.     

A case series of 20 women with hidradenitis suppurativa treated with spironolactone

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an uncommon chronic skin condition that can range in severity from a single nodule to extensive disease and can have a profound effect on quality of life. Anti‐androgen medication has been suggested as a possible management strategy in female patients with HS and is mentioned in review articles as a treatment option. Despite this, there is limited literature documenting the use of anti‐androgens in HS. We present our experience with 20 patients with HS treated with oral spironolactone. We advocate spironolactone as a useful, low‐cost first‐line treatment for women with HS, with relatively few side‐effects.     

Morbidity in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa

BACKGROUND: Although skin diseases are often immediately visible to both patients and society, the morbidity they cause is only poorly defined. It has been suggested that quality-of-life measures may be a relevant surrogate measure of skin disease. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) leads to painful eruptions and malodorous discharge and is assumed to cause a significant degree of morbidity. The resulting impairment of life quality has not previously been quantitatively assessed, although such an assessment may form a pertinent measure of disease severity in HS. OBJECTIVES: To measure the impairment of life quality in patients with HS. METHODS: In total, 160 patients suffering from HS were approached. The following data were gathered: quality-of-life data (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI questionnaire), basic demographic data, age at onset of the condition and the average number of painful lesions per month. RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen patients participated in the study. The mean +/- SD age of the patients was 40.9 +/- 11.7 years, the mean +/- SD age at onset 21.8 +/- 9.9 years and the mean +/- SD duration of the disease 18.8 +/- 11.4 years. Patients had a mean +/- SD DLQI score of 8.9 +/- 8.3 points. The highest mean score out of the 10 DLQI questions was recorded for question 1, which measures the level of pain, soreness, stinging or itching (mean 1.55 points, median 2 points). Patients experienced a mean of 5.1 lesions per month. CONCLUSIONS: HS causes a high degree of morbidity, with the highest scores obtained for the level of pain caused by the disease. The mean DLQI score for HS was higher than for previously studied skin diseases, and correlated with disease intensity as expressed by lesions per month. This suggests that the DLQI may be a relevant outcome measure in future therapeutic trials in HS.     

E‐cadherin and p120ctn protein expression are lost in hidradenitis suppurativa lesions

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease affecting the pilosebaceous units in the axilla, groin and buttocks. While the pathogenesis of HS is not clear, mechanical stress exacerbates HS. In this study, we aimed to determine whether intracellular adhesive junctions may be aberrant in HS patient skin. Strikingly, we observed loss of E‐cadherin and p120ctn protein expression, two key adherens junction proteins, in ~85% of HS severe skin lesions. Moreover, loss of protein expression was apparent in non‐lesional skin from HS patients and the degree of loss positively correlated with HS Hurley Stage of disease. E‐cadherin expression was unaltered in other inflammatory skin conditions including chronic wound epithelium, atopic dermatitis, and acne vulgaris compared with healthy skin suggesting that its loss may be uniquely relevant to HS pathogenesis. A complete loss of α‐catenin, β‐catenin and ZO‐1 was not observed; however, some cytoplasmic staining of the catenins was noted in HS epithelium. We also demonstrated diminished desmosome size in HS lesional skin. Overall, our data suggested that loss of adherens junction proteins and diminished desmosome size in HS skin contributes to the skin's inability to withstand mechanical stress and provides rationale as to why mechanical stress exacerbates HS symptoms.     

Twenty‐four‐week interim analysis from a phase 3 open‐label trial of adalimumab in Japanese patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease characterized by recurrent painful inflamed nodules/abscesses and draining fistulas that negatively impact quality of life. Adalimumab, a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor‐α, has been approved in the EU, USA and Japan for the treatment of moderate to severe HS. This is an interim analysis of an ongoing phase 3, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study of the safety and efficacy of adalimumab weekly dosing in Japanese patients with moderate to severe HS. Fifteen patients received adalimumab 160 mg at week 0, 80 mg at week 2 and 40 mg every week thereafter starting at week 4. The fulfillment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response was assessed under adalimumab treatment; clinical response was assessed by skin pain, total abscess and inflammatory nodule count and modified Sartorius score; and quality of life and safety were assessed. At week 12, 86.7% of patients achieved clinical response, with improvements at week 12 across the primary and secondary end points generally sustained through week 24. Adalimumab weekly dosing was generally safe and well tolerated with no new safety findings through week 24. These results suggest that adalimumab is effective and well tolerated in Japanese patients with moderate to severe HS.     

Outcomes of treatment of nine cases of recalcitrant severe hidradenitis suppurativa with carbon dioxide laser

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and often a recalcitrant inflammatory skin condition. Objectives To present the results of carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser treatment of recalcitrant HS in nine patients who had failed to improve on medical and other surgical treatments. Methods HS lesions consisting of abscesses, sinuses and granulation tissue were completely excised using the cutting mode of a CO₂ laser, leaving only healthy residual subcutaneous fat. The wounds were closed by primary intention where possible and left to granulate otherwise. Outcomes were determined by clinical review and questionnaire. Results Twenty‐seven sites were treated in 19 sessions on nine patients. Seven procedures were performed under general anaesthesia and 12 under local. All patients rated their postoperative discomfort as less or equal to their preoperative state. Seven of the nine patients had complete remission for 12 months or longer after their last laser treatment and ceased all medications. High levels of patient satisfaction were reported with CO₂ laser treatment. The main complication was axillary scar contracture in two patients but this was insufficient to limit limb movement. Conclusions CO₂ laser treatment should be considered as a treatment option in recalcitrant HS, where multiple medical treatments have been ineffective.     

Long-term efficacy of a single course of infliximab in hidradenitis suppurativa

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abscess formation, predominantly in the axillae and groins. The disease is difficult to treat and has a severe impact on quality of life. Recently, several case reports have been published describing successful treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with infliximab and other tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a single course of infliximab. METHODS: Ten patients with severe, recalcitrant hidradenitis were treated with infliximab (three infusions of 5 mg kg(-1) at weeks 0, 2 and 6) and followed up for at least 1 year. The disease activity was measured using laboratory parameters and a recently developed acne score. The patients rated the efficacy of infliximab on a 10-point scale at regular intervals. Quality of life was measured before and after treatment using the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DQLI). RESULTS: All patients improved within 2-6 weeks. The average acne score diminished from 164+/-50 (mean+/-SD) before treatment to 89+/-49 after 1 year (P=0.002). The mean CRP (C-reactive protein) was reduced from 31.7 mg mL(-1) to 5.5 mg mL(-1) after 1 month (P=0.015). Patients judged the efficacy with a score of 7.9. The mean DQLI was reduced from 18.4+/-7.9 before treatment to 9.3+/-9.1 after 1 year (P=0.007). In three patients long-lasting improvement was observed, with no recurrence of lesions in a 2-year follow-up period. The other patients showed recurrence of lesions after 8.5 months (range 4.3-13.4 months). CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab is an effective treatment in severe hidradenitis suppurativa, leading to reduction of symptoms for a prolonged period.     

臀部化脓性汗腺炎继发巨大鳞状细胞癌1例

报告臀部化脓性汗腺炎继发巨大皮肤鳞状细胞癌1例。患者男,62岁,左臀部结节破溃伴痛40余年,外生性肿物20余年。皮肤科检查：左臀部覆盖黑色斑疹,质地较硬,边界尚清,表面凹凸不平,中央可见数个脓肿、窦道、瘘管及瘢痕,挤压后见淡黄色脓性分泌物流出,伴明显触痛、恶臭;左臀部下方近肛门侧见一约20 cm×20 cm大小的外生性肿块,呈菜花状生长,质地坚硬,活动性差,表面溃烂,可见较多脓性分泌物覆盖,触之易出血。直肠指诊：肛门松紧度可,肛内未触及肿块,指套不带血,腹股沟淋巴结无肿大。左侧臀部外生性肿块组织病理：肿瘤位于真皮内,部分与表皮相连,由鳞状上皮细胞团块组成,部分细胞胞浆透明,部分区域棘刺松解,异型性明显。免疫组织化学染色检查：P63(+),P40(+),CK5/6(+),CK7(-)。诊断：(左臀部)皮肤鳞状细胞癌、化脓性汗腺炎。治疗：手术切除。随访1年未见复发。