肝癌组织中bcl—2和bax蛋白表达及与PCNA表达的关系

目的探讨ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ与肝癌发生的关系。方法用免疫组化方法研究３４例肝癌组织中ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ的表达及与ＰＣＮＡ的关系。结果显示３４例肝细胞癌中５例ｂｃｌ－２阳性,阳性率为１４．７％,８例癌旁组织阳性,阳性率为２３．５％。７例ｂａｘ阳性,阳性率为２０．６％,癌旁组织２２例阳性,阳性率为６４．７％。ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ表达与ＰＣ－ＮＡ增殖指数间无明显关系（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ的变化可能影响肝细胞的凋亡状态,在肝癌发生中可能起一定作用,而并不引起细胞的增殖。     

Bcl—2,Bax在大肠癌组织的表达对术后化疗疗效的影响

为探讨凋亡抑制基因ｂｃｌ┐２和促进基因ｂａｘ在大肠癌组织中的表达及与术后化疗疗效的关系。方法采用免疫组化Ｓ┐Ｐ法，检测了４３例手术后随访５年以上的大肠癌组织中ｂｃｌ┐２、ｂａｘ基因产物的表达，统计术后化疗者与未化疗者的复发率和五年生存率。结果术后化疗者３１例，ｂｃｌ┐２阳性者复发率（３４．６％）明显高于ｂｃｌ┐２阴性者（２０．０％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ｂｃｌ┐２阳性者五年生存率（６９．２％）明显低于ｂｃｌ┐２阴性者（８０．０％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ｂａｘ阳性者复发率（７．１％）明显低于ｂａｘ阴性者（５２．９％）（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ｂａｘ阳性者五年生存率（９２．９％）明显高于ｂａｘ阴性者（５２．９％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。未化疗组１２例，ｂｃｌ┐２、ｂａｘ阳性与阴性者的复发率，五年生存率均无显著差异。结论检测大肠癌组织中ｂｃｌ┐２、ｂａｘ表达有助于预测术后化疗疗效和预后。     

人肝细胞癌及癌周组织中p53、c-myc基因的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨ｐ５３及ｃｍｙｃ基因表达在原发性肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）发生发展过程中的作用。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法分别检测７３例和６０例ＨＣＣ癌及其癌周组织中ｐ５３和ｃｍｙｃ基因的表达状况。结果：ｐ５３基因在ＨＣＣ中阳性表达率显著高于癌周组织（Ｐ＜０．０５,）,癌周组织中ｐ５３基因表达仅见于癌周增生结节,癌周肝硬变及正常肝组织内未见ｐ５３基因阳性表达;ｃｍｙｃ基因的阳性表达率在ＨＣＣ与癌周增生结节中相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）,且两者均显著高于癌周肝硬变和正常肝组织（分别为Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;ｐ５３及ｃｍｃｙ基因表达均与ＨＣＣ分化程度呈显著正相关,低分化组ｐ５３及ｃｍｙｃ基因的阳性表达率均显著高于高分化组（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。结论：ｐ５３及ｃｍｙｃ基因过度表达均参与了人肝细胞癌的发生发展过程;癌周增生结节属癌前期病变,与肝癌的发生有关。     

抗凋亡基因bcl-2在子宫内膜癌的表达及意义

目的探讨抗凋亡基因ｂｃｌ２与子宫内膜癌的关系。方法应用免疫组化链霉菌－抗生物素过氧化物酶染色法,检测１５例子宫内膜非典型增生及５０例子宫内膜腺癌的石蜡包埋标本中ｂｃｌ２基因的表达。结果子宫内膜非典型增生组织中,ｂｃｌ２蛋白高表达,子宫内膜腺癌中ｂｃｌ２低表达（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在子宫内膜腺癌中,随着临床分期的升高、组织病理分级的降低及肌层浸润的加深,ｂｃｌ２表达阳性率逐渐下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ｂｃｌ２可能与子宫内膜组织的异常增殖有关,并主要在早期起作用。     

癌基因表达变化与脑胶质瘤细胞辐射性凋亡的关系

为了进一步探讨癌基因表达的变化与辐射诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的关系，作者采用免疫组化技术，检测了人脑星形细胞瘤细胞系经过Ｘ射线处理前后ｐ５３、ｃ－ｍｙｃ和ｂｃｌ－２基因表达的变化；采用原位杂交方法检测ｐ５３基因在ｍＲＮＡ水平表达的变化。结果表明：①凋亡组内ｐ５３和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５），ｂｃｌ－２表达显著减弱（Ｐ＜０．０５），ｐ５３或ｃ－ｍｙｃ与Ｂｃｌ－２基因表达呈显著性负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②凋亡组内ｐ５３在ｍＲＮＡ水平表达量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），ｐ５３基因在蛋白水平与ｍＲＮＡ水平表达呈显著性正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。③ｐ５３和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因对细胞凋亡具有增殖和凋亡双向调节作用，ｂｃｌ－２基因抑制细胞凋亡，三者在细胞凋亡过程中存在着协同或拮抗作用的关系。本研究结果为脑胶质瘤的基因治疗提供了一条新线索。     

bcl—2基因高表达与乳腺癌生物学行为的相关性

目的　研究乳腺癌手术标本中ｂｃｌ２ 基因表达与乳腺癌生物学行为的关系。　方法　用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测乳腺癌手术标本中ｂｃｌ２ 基因产物的表达。同时检测雌二醇、ｐ５３ 基因及ｃｅｒｂＢ２ 基因的表达。　结果　１０５例乳腺癌原发灶中,ｂｃｌ２ 基因表达阳性率为４８．６ ％ ,ｐ５３ 基因、ｃｅｒｂＢ２ 基因及雌二醇表达率分别为３２．４ ％ 、５２．４ ％和５５．３ ％ ;ｂｃｌ２ 表达与乳腺癌患者年龄及区域淋巴结转移程度无关（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５） ;ｂｃｌ２ 基因表达与乳腺癌临床病理学分期进展及肿瘤大小呈负相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ,Ｐ＜ ０．００５） ,而与肿瘤细胞分化程度正相关（ Ｐ＜ ０．００５） ;ｂｃｌ２ 基因表达与雌二醇密切正相关（ Ｐ＜ ０．００１） ,而与ｐ５３ 基因,ｃｅｒｂＢ２ 基因负相关（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５,Ｐ＜ ０．００５） 。ｂｃｌ２ 表达阳性的乳腺癌患者,术后三年、五年生存率显著高于ｂｃｌ２ 阴性者（ Ｐ＜ ０．００５） 。　结论　ｂｃｌ２ 基因参与乳腺癌生物学行为的调控,检测ｂｃｌ２ 基因表达状况,可以从另一个侧面了解乳腺癌的恶性程度,并有助于乳腺癌患者的预后评判。     

Bax在肝癌和癌旁组织中的表达及与突变型p53蛋白表达的关系

目的探讨凋亡基因ｂａｘ和ｐ５３与肝癌发生的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测３４例肝细胞癌和癌旁组织中ｂａｘ和ｐ５３的表达。结果肝癌组织中ｂａｘ阳性７例，ｐ５３阳性２０例，癌旁组织中分别为２２例和６例。ｐ５３表达与组织学分级有明显关系（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ｂａｘ与组织学分级无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论ｂａｘ和ｐ５３蛋白可能与肝癌发生有关，但作用途径可能不同。     

肝癌组织中人白细胞共同抗原和凋亡相关基因Fas,bcl—2及bax的表达 …

目的：探讨人白细胞抗的（ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原）和凋亡相关基因Ｆａｓ、ｂｃｌ－２及ｂａｘ在肝癌中表达的意义。方法：应用免疫组化方法研究４０例肝癌组织中ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、Ｆａｓ、ｂｃｌ－２及ｂａｘ的表达。结果：４０例肝细胞癌中１８例ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ阳性，阳性率４５％，癌旁肝细胞阴性。６例癌细胞Ｆａｓ阳性，阳性率为１５％，癌旁细胞２０例阳性，阳性率５０．０％，癌细胞ｂｃｌ－２阳性６例，阳性率为１５％，８例癌旁细胞阳     

Bcl-2基因及其家族Bax,Bcl-Xl和Fas/Apo-l,P16的检测在急性白血病中的临床意义

目的：为了解白血病凋亡正、负反馈网络中的问题与临床的关系，研究了抑制凋亡的基因Ｂｃｌ２及其家族Ｂａｘ，ＢｃｌＸｌ以及诱导凋亡的基因Ｆａｓ／Ａｐｏ１，Ｐ１６。方法：采用细胞免疫组化，ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ，以及ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ的方法。结果：发现在ＡＭＬ组和ＡＬＬ组，Ｂｃｌ２抗原表达均明显高于正常（Ｐ＜００１），回顾性分析ＡＭＬＣＲ组其明显低于ＮＲ组（Ｐ＜００１）。蛋白印迹ＣＲ组Ｂｃｌ２表达虽然降低，但和ＮＲ组比较无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５）。Ｂｃｌ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达ＣＲ组明显低于ＮＲ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｂａｘ的表达在免疫组化中白血病明显低于正常（Ｐ＜００１），但在ＣＲ组与ＮＲ组，免疫组化，蛋白印迹，ＢａｘｍＲＮＡ的表达，均无差异（Ｐ＞００５）。但ＢｃｌＸｌｍＲＮＡ的表达两组间有明显差异（Ｐ＜００１）。Ｆａｓ／Ａｐｏ１的表达为白血病组低于正常（Ｐ＜００１），但在ＣＲ与ＮＲ组中，免疫组化与蛋白印迹分析均无统计差异（Ｐ＞００５）。Ｐ１６的表达为白血病组低于正常组（Ｐ＜００１），但在ＣＲ组与ＮＲ组中无统计学意义（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：Ｂｃｌ２抗原以及Ｂｃｌ２ｍＲＮＡ，Ｂｃｌ     

癌基因表达变化与脑胶质细胞辐射性凋亡的关系

为了进一步探讨癌基因表达的变化与辐射诱导肿瘤凋亡的关系，作者采用免疫组化技术，检测了人脑星形细胞瘤细胞系经过Ｘ射线前后ｐ５３、ｃ－ｍｙｃ和ｂｃｌ－２基因表达的变化；采用原位杂交方法检测ｐ５３基因在ｍＲＮＡ水平表达的变化。结果表明：（１）凋亡组内ｐ５３和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达率明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１和Ｐ〈０．０５）ｂｃｌ－２表达显著减弱（Ｐ〈０．０５），ｐ５３或ｃ－ｍｙｃ与Ｂｃｌ－２基因表达呈显著     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。