基于Profibus智能化DP从站的温度采集模块的设计

介绍了使用热偶信号调理专用芯片AD595及Profibus总线用于从站的智能通信芯片SPC3,设计智能温度采集模块的方法,该温度采集模块不再需要调零、冷端补偿、电压放大和线性化等繁琐的工作,并可以直接测量热电偶输出的mv级电压信号.     

Meteorological Features at 6523 m of Mt.Qomolangma （Everest） between 1 May and 22 July 2005

Introduction Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) (27°54'N, 86°54'E) (Hereafter Mt. Qomolangma) lies between China and Nepal (Figure 1), and is the highest peak in the world, 8844.43 m asl (As promulgated by News Of-fice of the Chinese State Council in October 2005…     

上海夏季雾霾的影响因素研究

由于对流层中气象因素变化剧烈且蕴含大量的水蒸气和颗粒物,雾霾的发生也极易改变卫星信号的传播路径,从而导致对流层延迟发生变化,因此重点研究气象因素与雾霾之间的相关性问题。通过上海市2016年62 d(DOY 153～214)的大气中污染物含量资料与天顶对流层延迟比较分析发现,大气中每种污染物含量基本呈现相似的走势,天顶对流层延迟随PM2.5含量增加而增大,且在日值数据的比较中发现,上海夏季的PM2.5含量与气压、气温和相对湿度成正相关关系,与风速、降水量呈负相关关系。     

Vertical structure of low-level atmosphere over the south- east Indian Ocean fronts

During the 25th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, GPS radiosondes were launched to detect the atmos- pheric vertical structure over the southeast Indian Ocean frontal region. Some low-level characteristics along the cruise are studied based on in-situ observation. The observations reveal that vertical distributions of the low-level wind field and air temperature field on both sides of the Subantarctic Front are very different. A stronger （weaker） vertical gradient is on the cold （warm） side, which demonstrates that the mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere interaction is active in the southeast Indian Ocean frontal region. A low-level jet is observed over the Subantarctic Front, with speed up to 14 m＇s-1. For the Antarctic polar front, low-level wind speed near the sea surface is greater than that aloft, in contrast with the situation of the Subantarctic Front. Comparing satellite remote sensing data and widely-used reanalysis datasets with our in-situ observations, differences of varying magnitudes are found. Air temperature from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder （AIRS） data has a limited difference. The European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re-Analysis （ERA Interim） dataset is much more consistent with the observations than the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） Reanalysis 1 in the southeast Indian Ocean frontal region.     

基于Barnes滤波原理的降水场客观分析及尺度分离

基于Barnes滤波原理（又称高斯加权客观分析）,在进行网格点插值的同时,通过选择适当的滤波参数C、G滤去原始场中的短波噪音,使分析结果平稳光滑;另外可通过它构成一带通滤波器,根据实际需要分离出影响天气过程的各种次天气尺度,达到尺度分离的目的。以全国160个国家基准代表站1954—2006年共53a的年平均降水场为例作实例分析,并同用Grads内插函数（Oacres函数）、九点平滑函数（Smth9函数）的绘图结果进行对比分析,结果表明客观分析结果同Grads内插平滑分析结果基本相似,都能反映出我国53a年平均降水场从东南向西北逐渐递减的趋势且与实际情况相符,降水场高值中心位于长江流域及以南的华南等地区,低值中心位于黄河流域以北的广大西部地区。取不同的参数C和G得到的尺度分离后的带通滤波值,既抑止了长波,又抑制了短波,达到较好的尺度分离效果。     

Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Monthly Mean Surface Air Temperature over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1 Introduction The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the highest plateau with the most complex topography in the world, covers an area of more than 200km2, with a mean elevation of more than 4000m a.s.l. (Ye and Gao, 1979). Surrounded by the Earth’s highest mountains, such as the Himalayas, Pamir, Kunlun Mountains, the plateau plays a significant role in climate change in China even in the world, thus attracted great attention of researchers. Up to now, many achievements have been gained by…     

Foliar Particulate Matter Distribution in Urban Road System of Beijing,China

Particulate matter(PM), one of the most important pollutants of traffic emission, threatens the health of urban ecosystems and citizens. Roadside trees play an important role in trapping PM, and the foliar PM load is a useful indicator for air PM pollution in road systems. To detect the relationships of foliar PM load with road structures, urbanization, and meteorology in road systems, we studied a widely-planted tree Sophora japonica L. in 100 roads and 10 yards of Beijing, China, and found that the foliar PM loads increased with the distances from the urban centre(DUC) linearly, while decreased with the road density. All-subsets regression analysis indicated that DUC, average monthly relative humidity, average monthly wind speed, and mean annual wind speed were the most important factors in predicting foliar PM load, rather than general situation of buildings and road cleanliness. The monthly relative humidity and monthly wind speed had a negative correlation to foliar PM, while the annual relative humidity and annual wind speed had a positive correlation to foliar PM. Suburban areas and these effective factors should be highlighted in PM control in Beijing.     

Snow water content estimation from measured snow temperature

The vertical temperature profiles of snow and sea ice have been measured in the Arctic during the 2nd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2003(CHINARE2003).The high-resolution temperature profile in snow is solved by one-dimensional heat transfer equation.The effective heat diffusivity,internal heat sources are identified.The internal heat source refers to the penetrated solar radiation which usually warms the lower part of the snow layer in summer.By temperature gradient analysis,the zero level can be clarified quantitatively as the boundary of the dry and wet snow.According to the in situ time series of vertical temperature profile,the time series of water content in snow is obtained based on an evaluation method of snow water content associated with the snow and ice physical parameters.The relationship of snow water content and snow temperature and temporal-spatial distribution of snow water content are presented