X100管线钢焊接接头的显微组织和性能

利用光学显微镜、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机及维氏硬度计等对X100管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头的组织及性能进行了研究。结果表明:X100管线钢焊接接头粗晶区组织为粗大的先共析铁素体和粒状贝氏体,细晶区主要为细小的铁素体,不完全重结晶区为细晶铁素体、粗晶针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体混合组织;接头的抗拉强度平均值为576MPa,达到母材的80%,拉伸试样断裂于焊缝处;接头焊缝、热影响区的冲击功分别为198J和259J;焊缝区最高硬度为316HV,在临界温度热影响区(ICHAZ)和亚临界温度热影响区(SCHAZ)之间存在软化现象。     

Q690CFD低碳贝氏体高强钢的焊接性能

用药芯焊丝和实心焊丝对Q690CFD低碳贝氏体高强钢进行了CO_2气体保护焊焊接,采用斜Y裂纹敏感性试验、焊接热影响区最高硬度试验对该钢进行了冷裂敏感性评价,通过冲击试验探讨了从800℃冷却到500℃(t_(8/5))时焊接粗晶区的韧性;通过光学显微镜、拉伸试验机、硬度试验机、冲击试验机等评价了该钢的焊接工艺性。结果表明:该钢板在14℃、不预热条件下焊接将有一定的淬硬倾向;t_(8/5)大于40 s后,粗晶区韧性显著降低;用药芯焊丝当预热温度为80℃(厚25 mm)和100℃(厚30 mm)时或者采用实心焊丝不预热时均可避免裂纹出现,焊接粗晶区组织为板条马氏体和少量贝氏体,焊接接头性能良好,焊后550℃×2 h消除应力热处理对热影响区和母材的拉伸性能没有明显影响。     

S355J2G3低合金钢焊接接头的组织和力学性能

通过拉伸、冲击、弯曲、硬度和金相等试验对S355J2G3低合金钢MAG焊焊接接头的力学性能与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明:采用G38 3G3Si1焊丝对S355J2G3低合金钢进行焊接时,可获得拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能均良好的焊接接头;接头硬度的分布较均匀,最高不大于380HV;焊缝组织为沿柱状晶晶界析出的块状先共析铁素体,晶内为细小密集的针状铁素体和少量珠光体;热影响区组织主要为先共析铁素体、针状铁素体、珠光体和少量的粒状贝氏体;母材为均匀细小分布的铁素体和珠光体。     

铁素体不锈钢CMT焊接接头HAZ组织性能研究

针对铁素体不锈钢焊接HAZ晶粒易长大的问题,提出采用小热输入的CMT焊接工艺。通过分析接头HAZ的显微组织、显微硬度和冲击性能,探讨了4003铁素体不锈钢焊接接头HAZ组织和性能,并与常规MIG焊焊接接头试样的组织、性能进行对比。试验结果表明:采用CMT焊接工艺获得的接头HAZ粗晶区宽度为460μm,明显窄于MIG焊接接头的粗晶区宽度545μm;CMT接头强度与MIG焊接接头显微硬度值相近,但CMT接头HAZ冲击韧性较MIG焊接接头试样提高了16.28%。     

焊后热处理对P91钢和TP347H钢焊接接头综合力学性能的影响

对P91钢和TP347H钢焊接接头在焊态和720,760,800℃和1050℃×2h空冷等焊后热处理工艺下进行了拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度等常规力学性能试验和高温持久强度试验研究。研究结果表明,合适的热处理规范工艺可以提高P91＋TP347H异质焊接接头的拉伸及弯曲性能,对冲击性能及硬度也没有大的影响。经热处理后的焊接接头比未经热处理的试样具有更好的高温持久性能。得出了P91＋TP347H异种钢焊接的最佳工艺方案是采用TIG焊,并进行焊前预热和焊后进行760℃×2h空冷时效处理。     

激光-MAG和MAG焊接Weldox960钢接头的组织与性能对比

分别采用激光-活性气体保护电弧焊(Laser-MAG焊)和MAG焊对Weldox960钢板进行焊接,对比分析了两种工艺焊接接头的显微组织及性能。结果表明:Laser-MAG焊接接头热影响区粗晶区的平均晶粒尺寸较小,为48μm,而MAG焊接接头的为95μm,两种焊接接头的显微组织基本相同,焊缝区组织为细小粒状贝氏体,细晶区组织为细小板条马氏体和粒状贝氏体,部分相变区组织为铁素体+粒状贝氏体;Laser-MAG焊接接头的热影响区宽度小于MAG焊接接头的,软化带也较窄,其拉伸性能和冲击性能均优于MAG焊接接头的,条件疲劳极限为320 MPa,高于MAG焊接接头的。     

预热及保温对严寒环境X80钢管道全自动外焊焊缝组织与性能的影响

研究了-30 ℃严寒环境下采用不同预热及保温措施进行电弧焊接的X80钢,观察了不同焊接条件下接头各区域的显微组织特点,通过硬度测试、拉伸试验、低温冲击试验对接头的力学性能进行了表征。研究结果表明：严寒环境下焊接得到的X80钢焊缝以柱状晶为主,填充区主要由针状铁素体、先共析铁素体及少量魏氏组织组成,随着预热及保温温度升高,魏氏组织的尺寸和数量都有所减小;接头硬度的极大值与极小值分别出现在热影响区的粗晶区与不完全重结晶区,随着预热及保温温度的升高,接头的整体硬度降低,焊缝区域的低温冲击韧性增强,而抗拉强度先提高后降低;预热及保温是接头在严寒环境下获得具有良好综合性能的有效措施,预热及保温温度为100 ℃时接头性能最优。     

TRIP980高强钢/SPCC低碳钢的异种钢电阻点焊工艺优化及接头性能分析

以厚度均为1.5 mm的TRIP980高强钢/SPCC低碳钢的异种钢板电阻点焊接头为研究对象,以接头剪切拉伸载荷为评价指标,运用正交试验优化其焊接参数,采用极差法和方差法对结果进行分析,随后增加焊前预热条件,分析对比相同焊接电流、焊接时间、电极压力参数下采用预热和无预热时点焊接头的剪切拉伸载荷,利用电子拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和显微硬度仪分别对预热和无预热两种条件下较优焊接参数时的点焊接头性能及显微组织进行测试和分析,研究TRIP980高强钢/SPCC低碳钢的异种钢板电阻点焊接头力学性能及接头各区域的金相组织、硬度特点。结果表明:运用焊前预热能够获得性能良好的点焊接头,相同焊接参数情况下,预热点焊接头的剪切拉伸载荷比无预热高5.5%以上;两种条件下较优焊接参数时,无预热点焊接头为脆性断裂,预热点焊接头为韧-脆混合断裂;采用预热获得的点焊接头组织比无预热更为致密;预热点焊接头熔核和母材的硬度比无预热时有所下降,熔合线硬度过渡平缓。其主要机理是,预热使点焊接头熔核周边优先发热,热影响区扩大,熔核韧性提高和熔核周边应力集中缓解,从而提高了点焊接头的强度。     

HG785D钢板对接焊接工艺研究

针对目前使用的高强钢HG785D（t8和t20板）,采用低匹配焊丝HS-70和常用焊接方法GMAW实施对接试验,借助万能拉伸试验机、液压弯曲试验机和30/15冲击试验机来检验焊接接头的力学性能,利用光学显微镜观察接头的金相组织,利用维氏显微硬度计测量接头的显微硬度,分析线能量和温度控制对焊接接头宏观性能的影响.试验结果表明,t8板线能量为1.5 kJ/mm,t20板线能量为1.7kJ/mm,预热或道间温度控制在100～120℃时,HG785D焊接接头的综合力学性能最为优良.     

NM450耐磨钢板焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能

采用ER50-6焊丝对NM450耐磨钢板进行了CO_2气体保护焊,研究了接头的显微组织、力学性能,以及焊接冷裂纹敏感性。结果表明:焊缝组织为块状铁素体+针状铁素体,热影响区粗晶区和正火区的组织分别为板条马氏体和铁素体+渗碳体;焊缝区、粗晶区、正火区和不完全重结晶区的硬度分别为220,412,234,386HV,马氏体分解导致正火区和不完全重结晶区硬度降低;接头的抗拉强度为768 MPa,焊缝中心、影响区和母材的-20℃夏比冲击吸收功分别为110,140,88J;此钢有一定的冷裂纹敏感性,在环境温度32.6℃、不预热焊接时不会产生裂纹,在环境温度-1.4℃、不预热焊接时,接头根部裂纹率和截面裂纹率均为100%,80℃预热焊接则不会产生焊接裂纹。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....