基于振荡迭代的修正BP译码算法

针对中高信噪比(SNR)下低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)译码错误振荡迭代不收敛,提出了基于置信传播(BP)算法的修正LDPC译码算法,即软值归零BP算法。该算法通过将振荡迭代的变量节点传递的外信息置零,减少错误信道消息对迭代译码的影响,较大地改善了译码性能。而且,还给出了振荡迭代节点的判定准则,提高了振荡迭代节点判定的准确性。仿真结果表明,在中高信噪比区且译码迭代次数相同的情况下,该算法能比BP算法获得更好的译码性能。     

一种改进的LDPC码低复杂度最小和算法

研究了低密度奇偶校验(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)码的单最小值最小和(Single-Minimum Min-Sum,SMMS)算法,为了提高译码性能,在此基础上提出一种信道自适应可配置LDPC码最小和译码(Adaptive Configurable Min-Sum,ACMS)算法。ACMS算法在BP译码时的横向消息迭代更新过程中,LLR次小值用一个基于迭代次数的估算参数与最小值相加来取代,同时根据每次判决时的错误比特个数对不同信噪比下的估算参数进行动态修正。仿真结果表明,ACMS算法整体上提高了译码性能而仅增加少量复杂度。     

一种低迭代次数的极化码置信传播译码算法

针对置信传播(Belief Propagation,BP)译码算法在迭代次数较多时吞吐量和译码时延性能提升受限的问题,提出了一种低迭代次数的极化码BP译码算法,通过采用比特翻转和子信道冻结的方式,降低译码过程中的迭代次数.仿真结果表明,相对于传统极化码BP译码算法(设置最大迭代次数为40次),所提算法在信噪比为3 dB...     

基于分组排序的码率兼容打孔LDPC码BP译码算法

由于在一定码率范围均能获得良好的误码性能,码率兼容打孔LDPC(rate-compatible punctured LDPC,RCP-LDPC)码成为时变信道下优选编码方案。然而,与非打孔码相比,RCP-LDPC码的BP译码收敛速度太慢。为了提高译码收敛速度,提出一种基于打孔变量点分组优化和串行调度的BP译码算法。根据BP译码消息的可靠度对打孔变量点进行排序和分组,使其在译码时,按可靠度由高到低的次序依次更新各组变量点消息。仿真结果表明,当最大译码迭代次数较低时,本文方法的误码性能优于BP算法和随机分组洗牌BP算法。特别是当打孔比特较多时,性能改善越明显。     

对数似然比置信传播算法的改进

改进对数似然比置信传播(LLR BP)算法,以提高其对低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码的译码性能。在变量节点间加入信道响应相关性,并在算法中预设迭代次数,以使变量节点间传递的外部信息达到平衡,降低外部信息震荡现象,并保障译码不会因所需迭代次数过大而终止。改进型LLR BP算法可降低误码率,并在信噪比(SNR)较小时降低译码迭代次数。     

LDPC编码调制系统中基于反馈LLR均值的迭代解调/译码算法

该文针对LDPC码编码的BICM系统,提出一种对LDPC码译码器输出外附信息的计算方法进行改进的迭代解调/译码算法。与传统的解调/译码算法不同在于,该算法对每次BP迭代中译码器输出的各编码比特的外附LLR分别求均值后,再将其作为先验信息反馈给软解调器开始下次的迭代解调/译码。采用该方法可有效地减轻LDPC码在BP迭代过程中某些比特LLR值的振荡现象,从而使得传递给软解调器的外附信息更准确。仿真结果表明,和传统的两种迭代解调/译码算法相比,该算法能进一步提高LDPC编码BICM迭代系统的译码性能,而复杂度并无明显增加。     

基于SISO的LDPC码盲译码算法研究

针对传统BP译码算法需要初始条件的缺点,本文提出了一种基于软输入软输出(SISO)的LDPC码盲译码算法,所提算法采用类似BP迭代译码算法步骤,通过对距离信息进行迭代处理,实现无需接收信号的信噪比和信道状态即可译码;同时,还将所提盲译码算法推广到多进制LDPC码的译码应用中。本文所提盲译码算法在初始状态难以确定以及接收信号信噪比难以估计的通信信道中具有重要价值。仿真结果表明,所提算法不论是在AWGN信道还是在瑞利衰落信道上都能取得优良的性能,不论是与标准BP译码算法还是与分层BP译码算法相比,在性能相近的情况下,计算复杂度都有所降低。     

低复杂度的自适应置信差分迭代译码算法

针对中短码长的低密度奇偶校验规则码(Low Density Parity Check, LDPC)规则码,该文采用消息更新规则改进和因子图变换方法,提出一种低复杂度差分迭代译码算法。在置信传播算法的基础上,仅当变量节点的消息值振荡时引入差分映射策略,得出一种选择性的置信差分规则,自适应地调整校验节点消息的归一化系数,提高译码性能。同时,采用展开校验节点的图变换方法,将计算复杂度从随节点度分布指数性增长降至线性增长。分别在高斯白噪声信道和瑞利衰落信道下进行仿真实验,结果表明该算法和基于图变换的其他低复杂度译码算法相比,性能优越且复杂度低,和对数似然比的置信传播算法(LLR-BP)相比,高信噪比区域内的性能优异,低信噪比区域内的计算复杂度明显降低。     

分组相关快衰落信道下自适应Turbo码译码算法研究

分析了分组相关快衰落信道的特性，推导出该信道下Turbo码译码算法；研究了迭代次数对Turbo编码系统的影响，在小信噪比弥散度条件下，提出基于平均信噪比的最佳迭代译码次数自适应选择方案，可以兼顾译码性能和译码速度，得到较低的平均误比特率和较高的平均译码速度。仿真结果说明，本文提出的Turbo码译码算法，降低了对信道估计精度要求的同时，得到精确信道估计时的性能；对于目标误比特率为10^-4时，采用自适应Turbo译码算法，与固定迭代4次相比，平均误比特率降低了40％，提高了系统性能；而与固定迭代8次相比，迭代次数降低了约1／4，提高了译码速度。     

LDPC短码的编译码研究

这里研究了原模图LDPC码和BP译码算法,首先提出了一种基于PEG算法构造原模图LDPC码的算法,该码字在码率为1/2,码长256比特的情况下,译码性能超过了PEG算法,然后针对LDPC短码不可避免存在四环的特殊性,提出了一种修正四环中变量节点迭代信息的BP译码改进算法,使得具有四环的LDPC短码的译码性能得到较大提升。     

基于信噪比估计的变门限SCR迭代停止准则

针对符号改变率(SCR)迭代停止准则固定判决门限带来的问题,利用Turbo码的收敛特性给出一种基于信噪比估计的变门限SCR准则,该准则在不同信噪比情况下选取不同的判决门限,对低信噪比与高信噪比这2个区域进行改进。通过仿真得出,改进后的SCR准则在低信噪比与高信噪比时,能够在保证译码性能的同时,有效地减少译码的平均迭代次数,加快译码速度,提高译码效率,尤其是信噪比较低的情况下,改善的效果非常明显。     

空间耦合LDPC码的分层译码算法

针对长码长空间耦合低密度奇偶校验(SC-LDPC)码译码时延较长的问题,该文提出了分层滑动窗译码(LSWD)算法。该算法利用SC-LDPC子码码块的准循环特性和滑动窗内校验矩阵的层次结构,通过在滑动窗内对校验矩阵进行分层处理,优化层与层之间消息传递,从而加快窗内译码的收敛速度,减少了译码迭代次数。仿真和分析结果表明:在相同的信噪比(SNR)条件和相同的误码性能要求下,LSWD算法所需的迭代次数少于滑动窗译码(SWD)算法,特别在高信噪比下,LSWD算法的迭代次数约为SWD算法的一半,从而有效缩短全局译码时延;在相同译码迭代次数下,LSWD算法的译码性能优于SWD算法,而其计算复杂度增加不大。     

极化码置信传播算法早期终止准则的研究

适用于极化码置信传播(Belief Propagation, BP)算法的早期终止准则研究具有实际意义。本文提出将循环冗余校验（Cyclic Redundancy Check,CRC）作为极化码BP算法的早期终止准则（简称为BP-CRC）,当BP算法迭代次数大于门限后,如果信源估计值符合CRC校验,提前终止迭代;否则,就按固定迭代次数执行完BP算法。（1024,512）极化码通过二进制输入高斯白噪声信道后,提出的BP-CRC与基于生成矩阵G的早期终止准则（简称为BP-Gmatrix）做对比。仿真结果表明:在译码性能上,BP-CRC与原始BP算法基本一致;在平均迭代次数减少的效果上,和BP-Gmatrix一致;随着信噪比的增大,两者平均迭代次数减少的次数更明显。CRC比生成矩阵G检测的计算复杂度更低。平均迭代次数的减低,可以有效降低BP译码器的时延和能耗。因此,CRC是有效的低能耗和低复杂度的极化码BP算法早期终止准则。      

OFDM系统中低复杂度联合译码和信道估计方法研究

本文针对OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)系统提出了一种低复杂度联合译码和信道估计算法的接收机。接收机首先通过导频对信道进行估计，然后使用Turbo码译码输出判决信息对信道参数进行稳健的估计。仿真结果表明，即使系统误码率大于10^-2，经过3次迭代估计，系统性能提高仍有0．5-1dB；在高信噪比下，可显著地降低系统的误码底限。本文同时还给出了译码迭代次数对系统性能的影响。     

On optimum power allocation for the V-BLAST

A unified analytical framework for optimum power allocation in the unordered V-BLAST algorithm and its comparative performance analysis are presented. Compact closed-form approximations for the optimum power allocation are derived, based on average total and block error rates. The choice of the criterion has little impact on the power allocation and, overall, the optimum strategy is to allocate more power to lower step transmitters and less to higher ones. High-SNR approximations for optimized average block and total error rates are given. The SNR gain of optimization is rigorously defined and studied using analytical tools, including lower and upper bounds, high and low SNR approximations. The gain is upper bounded by the number of transmit antennas, for any modulation format and type of fading channel. While the average optimization is less complex than the instantaneous one, its performance is almost as good at high SNR. A measure of robustness of the optimized algorithm is introduced and evaluated. The optimized algorithm is shown to be robust to perturbations in individual and total transmit powers. Based on the algorithm robustness, a pre-set power allocation is suggested as a low-complexity alternative to the other optimization strategies, which exhibits only a minor loss in performance over the practical SNR range.     

Performance of a turbo coded multicarrier DS/CDMA system withnonuniform repetition coding

This paper presents a turbo coded multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system, where the outputs of a turbo encoder are repetition coded at multiple rates and transmitted in parallel over a number of subchannels. A performance bound useful in the so-called error floor region is obtained for Rayleigh fading channels when different diversity orders are given to each turbo code symbol. Simulation results are also provided for the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region where the bound is not applicable. It is observed that the error floor can be lowered, with some performance loss in the low SNR region, by applying nonuniform repetition coding to the turbo code symbols     

低复杂度的TBCC自适应循环VA译码算法

咬尾是一种将卷积码转换为块码的技术,它消除了归零状态所造成的码率损失,同时避免了截尾带来的性能降低,在短块编码中具有明显优势。针对咬尾卷积码(TBCC)现有译码算法复杂度过大和收敛性问题,提出一种低复杂度的TBCC自适应循环维特比(VA)译码算法。该算法根据信道变化自适应调整译码迭代次数,使咬尾路径收敛到最佳。通过仿真对比不同译码算法的块错误率和译码迭代次数,结果表明TBCC性能明显好于传统卷积码;相比于同类循环VA算法,在不降低性能的前提下,改进算法简化了停止规则,减少译码迭代次数和复杂度,在低信噪比时,改进算法比传统绕维特比译码算法(WAVA)平均迭代次数减少约4次。      

Relationship between dipole parameter estimation errors andmeasurement conditions in magnetoencephalography

In this study, a model in a computer simulation uses a single current dipole in a spherical homogeneous medium. Dipole parameters are estimated using a moving dipole procedure. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is defined as the square-root of the ratio of the average signal power to the average noise power over all measurement points. At SNR>20, accurate estimation can be carried out independently of dipole depth and coil size. At SNR<20, dipole depth influences estimation error. When the dipole is located near the center of the sphere, the measurement region should include both extrema of the magnetic field to minimize estimation error. However, when the dipole is not so deep, the position of the measurement region does not influence estimation error. When SNR<4, estimation error increases as coil size increases. Coil size minimizing estimation error is determined by the ratio of environmental magnetic field noise to electrical noise. For a constant size of measurement region, increasing the number of measurement points decreases estimation error to a certain level. This error level depends on SNR     

Asymptotic performance analysis of amplify-and-forward cooperative networks in a nakagami-m fading environment

This letter analyzes the performance of repetitionbased cooperative wireless networks using amplify-and forward relaying. The network consists of a source, R parallel relays, and a destination, and the channel coefficients are distributed as independent, non-identical, Nakagami-m. The approximated average symbol error rate (SER) is investigated. For sufficiently large SNR, this letter derives a close-form average SER when m is an integer. The simplicity of the asymptotic results provides valuable insights into the performance of cooperative networks and suggests means of optimizing them. We also use simulation to verify the analytical results. Results show that the derived error rates are tight approximations particularly at medium and high SNR.