Direct-Current Field Dependence of Dielectric Properties in Alumina-Doped Barium Strontium Titanate

The dielectric properties of (Ba_0.6Sr_0.4)TiO₃ and Al₂O₃-doped (Ba_0.6Sr_0.4)TiO₃ have been characterized. The grain size of the specimen is maximum for (Ba_0.6Sr_0.4)TiO₃ that has been doped with 1 wt% Al₂O₃. The density and the real part of the relative dielectric constant each decrease as the Al₂O₃ content increases. The loss factor is minimum for (Ba_0.6Sr_0.4)TiO₃ that has been doped with 2 wt% Al₂O₃. The dielectric constant of the specimens decreases as the applied dc field increases. The influence of the dc field on the loss factor is much less than that on the dielectric constant. The tunability is ∼24% for (Ba_0.6Sr_0.4)TiO₃ that has been doped with 1 wt% Al₂O₃.     

Temperature Dependence of the Coarsening Behavior of Barium Titanate Grains

The coarsening behavior of large seed particles during the sintering of BaTiO₃ ceramics has been investigated. At 1350°C, the grains are faceted, and the seed particles grow extensively. At 1380°C, however, the grains are spherical, and coarsening of the seed particles is limited. The observed difference is discussed in terms of the growth mechanism and the atomic structure of the interfaces.     

Depletion-layer Dielectric Properties of Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance Barium Titanate

For pure and impurity-added positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) barium titanate ceramic samples, a −11°C shift of the Curie point at the grain-boundary/depletion-layer region was observed. This result is obtained by fitting the PTCR grain-boundary resistance and capacitance data to a theory which combines a double-depletion-layer model with the Devonshire thermodynamic theory of barium titanate. The parameters used in the fitting are obtained from independent experiments. The shift of the Curie point is believed to result from the grain-boundary clamp ing effect near the cubic-tetragonal phase transition point.     

Antimonates as Additives to Barium Titanate Dielectric Bodies

Antimonates of a number of the alkalis and alkaline earths and of several other metals were prepared and their ceramic and dielectric properties were determined. Only porous bodies could be produced from the individual anti-monates. Dielectric measurements on these bodies showed that they all had relatively low dielectric constants. The properties of dielectric bodies in the binary systems composed of the an-timonates of sodium, lithium, barium, strontium, magnesium, and lead plus barium titanate were determined. Additions of all the antimonates except that of magnesium had a depressing effect on the Curie peak of barium titanate, resulting in bodies with dielectric constants of 2000 or less, which showed relatively little variation with temperature. The addition of magnesium orthoantimonate to barium titanate produced a very rapid downward shift in the temperature of the Curie peak. X-ray studies showed that the antimonates of barium, strontium, sodium, and magnesium, when added to barium titanate in small amounts, formed solid solutions with slightly expanded lattice structures.     

Dielectric Aging in Tetragonal Solid Solutions of Calcium Titanate in Barium Titanate

The dielectric aging phenomenon was observed in tetragonal polycrystalline solid solutions of calcium titanate in barium titanate between 30° and 90°C, and the 90° ferroelectric domain microstructures were analyzed using replica electron microscopy and statistical procedures. The results show a correlation between aging rate and 90° domains that may be satisfactorily interpreted in terms of the internal residual stress relaxation theory of aging.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of Gallium-Doped Hexagonal Barium Titanate Ceramics

High-permittivity and low-loss ceramics with composition BaTi_0.92Ga_0.08O_2.96 have been prepared in the BaO–Ga₂O₃–TiO₂ system using the mixed-oxide route. This compound forms as the hexagonal polymorph (6 H ) of BaTiO₃ with the space group P 6₃/ mmc . The dielectric properties of dense ceramics have been studied, at microwave frequencies, with the ceramics fired at 1450°C under flowing oxygen gas; the results are a relative permittivity, ɛ_r, of ∼74 and a quality factor, Q · f _r, of ∼7815 at 5.5 GHz. The quality factor is strongly influenced by the sintering conditions (temperature and atmosphere), whereas the relative permittivity is not influenced significantly by ceramic processing for pellets ≥93% of the theoretical X-ray density. To our knowledge, this is the first report of microwave dielectric resonance in a perovskite-type BaTiO₃-based ceramic.     

Dielectric Temperature Characteristics of Cerium-Modified Barium Titanate Based Ceramics with Core—Shell Grain Structure

Various particle sizes of starting barium titanate were used to investigate the effect of chemical inhomogeneity on the dielectric temperature characteristics of a dilute solid solution of cerium-modified barium titanate. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed three distinct areas in the modified barium titanate: a grain core, a grain shell, and gradient regions. The grain size and volume fractions of the grain core were somewhat proportional to the particle size of the starting barium titanate. The dielectric temperature characteristics will be explained in the present paper in terms of the three inhomogeneous regions. Actually, the dielectric temperature characteristics of the large grains (3μm) proved to be a function of variation in the T _c values, whereas those of the small grains (,3μm) were a function of both the T _c values and the internal stress.     

Stress-Induced Resistivity Anomaly in Semiconducting Barium Titanate Ceramic Wire

Thin, semiconducting BaTiO₃ ceramic wires prepared in the present study exhibited reversible stress-induced, nonlinear current—;voltage characteristics across several grain boundaries. A remarkable change in resistance with the application (by the three-point bending method) of only ∼1% tensile deformation indicated that the BaTiO₃ wires may have potential as stress-sensing devices. Resistance in the BaTiO₃ wires bot increased and decreased with increasing tensile stress parallel to the electric fields, far below the ferroelectric transition temperature, T _c; in Sr-substituted wires near T _c, on the other hand, resistance only increased. Detailed studies of the patterns and fluctuation of polarization at grain boundaries could be meaningful, because stress-sensing characteristics may be induced by changes in the relative angle between polarization vectors of adjacent grains.     

Dielectric Properties of Fluxed Barium Titanate Ceramics with Zirconia Additions

BaTiO₃ compacts, when fluxed with <2 vol% of a complex borate glass phase, were sintered to near theoretical density at temperatures <1175°C in 2 h. Microstructural analysis showed a uniform grain size <1.0 μm with 0.75 wt% ZrO₂ added to the flux phase as a grain growth inhibitor. TEM analysis revealed a microcrystalline grain-boundary phase with the ZrO₂ resident along the grain boundaries. These samples displayed an essentially flat dielectric profile, low dissipation factors (<2%) over the range 25° to 125°C, a near linear dependence (≅±15%) between 25° and −55°C, and significantly increased voltage stability. X-ray diffraction analyss of these small-grained materials indicated a suppression of the tetragonal structure toward a more cubic modification.     

Highly Temperature Stable Dielectric Properties of Nanograin Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films Grown on Silicon Substrate

Temperature-insensitive dielectric properties of nanograin size Ba_0.7Sr_0.3TiO₃ thin films were grown on LaNiO₃/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction investigations show the grain size is about 25 nm. The thin films with nanograin size have much better temperature stability of dielectric properties. The dielectric constant and loss tangent varied slightly as temperature increased from −60° to 60°C. The tunabilities were stable around 15.5% at 50 kV/mm and the temperature coefficients of capacitances relative to the capacitance value at 0°C were all about 2 × 10⁻⁴/°C during this broad temperature range.     

铌酸锶钡/钛酸锶钡介电常数预测模型研究

首次应用粉末-溶胶工艺合成出铌酸锶钡/钛酸锶钡复相陶瓷(SBN/SBT)。以Clausius(克劳修斯)-Mosotti(莫索缔)方程为基础,采用混合对数法则,通过实验得到的复合材料的晶格参数和铌酸锶钡、钛酸锶钡的理论极化率,建立了描述铌酸锶钡/钛酸锶钡复相陶瓷的介电常数预测模型,通过数学模型得到的预测数值与实验数值吻合。     

固相法烧结温度对钛酸钡陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究了固相法烧结温度对钛酸钡陶瓷介电性能的影响.采用固相法在不同温度下烧结钛酸钡陶瓷.结果表明,不同烧结温度对钛酸钡陶瓷晶体结构、微观形貌、介电常数、介电损耗、居里温度等都会产生不同的作用效果.钛酸钡陶瓷只有在最佳烧结温度附近才具有最好的结构和性能,烧结温度过低会使烧结过程不充分,引起过多的点缺陷;而过高的烧结温度也会由于过烧现象的存在而使晶粒与晶界间相互作用出现异常,两种情况都会导致钛酸钡陶瓷介电性能的劣化.     

钛酸铅微晶玻璃介电性能研究

主要对钛酸铅系铁电性微晶玻璃的介电性能做了研究,研制的微晶玻璃初始组成由形成主晶相的氧化物和形成玻璃相的氧化物构成,经过熔融、热处理可以得到以钛酸铅为主晶相的微晶玻璃,分析了不同组成情况下微晶玻璃的介电性能.     

钽掺杂对钛酸钡基陶瓷介电性能影响的研究

研究了微量钽掺杂对钛酸钡基陶瓷介电常数、介电损耗以及温度稳定性等介电性能的影响.利用XRD、SEM等现代分析手段分析了材料的显微结构,分析了显微结构与材料介电性能的关系,得到了性能较为优良的电容器基料配方.     

球磨石用量对钛酸钡介电性能的影响

通过改变料球水的比例以及采用沉降测试、水煮损耗测试、温度特性、电导率和化学分析等测试手段，研究了在制备钛酸钡的球磨工艺中球磨石的用量对钛酸钡粉体均匀性及钛酸钡介电性能的影响。研究结果表明，采用不同的料球水比例制得的电容器性能差别很大，当球：料：水=0．5：1：1时制得的钛酸钡性能最好。     

Lattice Constants and Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate—Barium Stannate—Strontium Titanate Bodies

Lattice constants and temperatures corresponding to maximum dielectric permittivity were investigated for compositions in the barium titanate-rich portion of the system barium titanate–barium stannate–strontium titanate. Substitution of tin for titanium increases the lattice constant at room temperature, and substitution of strontium for barium decreases this parameter. Both types of substitution decrease the Curie temperature; tin is about twice as effective as strontium in this regard. Properties of bodies containing both tin and strontium are intermediate between those of bodies containing either alone.     

Dependence of the Crystal Structure on Particle Size in Barium Titanate

The effect of the sample particle size on the crystal structure and the Curie temperature of BaTiO₃ powder has been investigated in the particle size range 0.1 to 1.0 μm. The transformation from tetragonal to cubic symmetry occurs at a critical particle size of 0.12 μm at room temperature, and the Curie temperature drops below room temperature at the critical particle size.