基于自然的气候变化解决方案

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)是近10年提出的人类社会应对一系列环境和社会挑战的成本有效的方式,但直到近期才在国际社会引起重视。针对气候变化,NbS指通过对生态系统的保护、恢复和可持续管理减缓气候变化,同时利用生态系统及其服务功能帮助人类和野生生物适应气候变化带来的影响和挑战。这些生态系统包括森林、农田、草地、湿地（海岸带）生态系统,人工的或天然的。NbS能够为实现《巴黎协定》目标贡献30%左右的减排潜力,同时带来巨大的环境和社会经济的协同效益。但是,在过去的气候变化政策和行动中,包括国家自主贡献（INDC）,NbS尚未得到充分的重视,流入NbS相关的气候资金明显不足。为充分发挥NbS的潜力,建议开展中国NbS减排潜力及其协同效应研究,识别成本有效的中国NbS优先领域,梳理国际国内NbS成功案例,制定推动NbS主流化相关激励政策,推动多领域NbS协同治理。     

Overlooked ocean strategies to address climate change

The U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC’s) Paris Agreement—which aims to limit climate change and increase global resilience to its effects—was a breakthrough in climate diplomacy, committing its Parties to develop and update national climate plans. Yet the Parties to the Agreement have largely overlooked the effect of climate change on ocean-based communities, economies, and ecosystems—as well as the role that the ocean can play in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Because the ocean is an integral part of the climate system, stronger inclusion of ocean issues is critical to achieving the Agreement’s goals. Here we discuss four ocean-climate linkages that suggest specific responses by Parties to the Agreement connected to 1) accelerating climate ambition, including via sustainable ocean-based mitigation strategies; 2) focusing on CO₂ emissions to address ocean acidification; 3) better understanding ocean-based mitigation; and 4) pursuing ocean-based adaptation. These linkages offer a more complete perspective on the reasons strong climate action is necessary and inform a systematic approach for addressing ocean issues under the Agreement to strengthen climate mitigation and adaptation.     

使用DHCP简化IP地址分配

1引言管理和分配计算机的IP地址所需时间以及产生的成效,取决于网络的规模,如何合理分配计算机的IP地址以及减小由网络设置的改变而带来的工作量,成为网络维护人员必须重视的一大问题。通过使用动态主机配置协议DHCP(Dynamic HostConfiguration Protocol)服务,可有效的简化分配     

浅谈IP协议中的IP地址

1概述92101程已基本建成,各项软件也已安装到位,现已进人准业务运行阶段。在系统功能上,以北京为主站的星状阁分别由三个子网络成,即：卫星广域网、卫星语音网和卫星数据广播网,分别担负着不同的任务。卫星广域网（sWAN）利用卫星桥接技术将国家、省、市的局域网互连在一个广域网环境内,相当于一个多端口的空中网桥,通过TCP／IP体系,实现局域网互连。而TCP／IP体系（常简称TCP／IP）,已成为计算机网络事实上的国际标准。在Intemat所使用的协议中,最著名的就是网络运输层的TCP协议和网络层的IP协议。92101程可以说是以无…     

利用单收站传输寻呼信息的技术方法

利用单收站传输寻呼信息是一项新试验,此前尚未见他人做过。方法是在气象卫星综合应用业务系统中增加主站接收处理机和市（地）、县接收发送从机。试验很成功,可投入使用。     

Climate Change Policy Targets and the Role of Technological Change

In this paper, we present results of simulationexperiments with the TIME-model on the issue ofmitigation strategies with regard to greenhouse gases.The TIME-model is an integrated system dynamics worldenergy model that takes into account the fact that the systemhas an inbuilt inertia and endogenouslearning-by-doing dynamics, besides the more commonelements of price-induced demand response and fuelsubstitution. First, we present four scenarios tohighlight the importance of assumptions on innovationsin energy technology in assessing the extent to whichCO₂ emissions have to be reduced. The inertia ofthe energy system seems to make a rise ofCO₂ emissions in the short term almostunavoidable. It is concluded that for the populationand economic growth assumptions of the IPCC IS92ascenario, only a combination of supply- anddemand-side oriented technological innovations incombination with policy measures can bring the targetof CO₂-concentration stabilization at 550 ppmv bythe year 2100 within reach. This will probably beassociated with a temporary increase in the overallenergy expenditures in the world economy. Postponingthe policy measures will be more disadvantageous,and less innovation in energy technology willhappen.     

渭北一次区域性暴雨多普勒速度图分析

利用侯马市1960年～2003年太阳总辐射资料,对其变化趋势和突变特点进行了分析。结果表明,候马市年和四季的太阳总辐射都呈现下降趋势;年太阳总辐射的减少主要是由夏季和冬季太阳总辐射的减少引起的;通过采用M—K方法对年和四季总辐射序列的检测得知,各个序列都存在突变。     

关于温室气体浓度变化及其引起的气候变化的几个问题

阐述了当前全球温室气体浓度的增加及其引起的气候效应,讨论了气候变化研究中存在的许多不确定性,如未来温室气体的浓度如何变化,未来气候如何变化,以及气候影响的评价问题等.最后,强调了未来气候变化基础研究中需要注意的问题.       

改刊词

新风扑面,春潮涌动.在这万象更新的美好季节,《气象与环境科学》与广大读者见面了,这是河南省气象局业务体制改革的一个亮点.     

9210工程网站访问及电子信箱的申请方法

介绍了９２１０工程网站的访问方法、ＵＮＩＸ系统中文支撑环境安装步骤、代理服务器软件参数配置以及电子信箱的申请方法。这些经验可直接为他人借鉴,能尽快发挥９２１０工程的效益。     

Evaluating sustainability transitions pathways: Bridging analytical approaches to address governance challenges

The paper sets out a proposal for bridging and linking three approaches to the analysis of transitions to sustainable and low-carbon societies: quantitative systems modelling; socio-technical transition analysis; and initiative-based learning. We argue that each of these approaches presents a partial and incomplete picture, which has implications for the quality and usefulness of the insights they can deliver for policy and practice. A framework for bridging these different approaches promises to enrich each of the approaches, while providing the basis for a more robust and complete analysis of sustainable transitions pathways that serves better to address questions and dilemmas faced by decision-makers and practitioners. We elaborate five key challenges for the analysis and governance of transitions pathways, and compare the three approaches in relation to each of these. We suggest an integration strategy based on alignment, bridging, and iteration, arguing that a structured dialogue between practitioners of different approaches is needed. In practical terms, such a dialogue would be organised around three areas of joint knowledge production: defining common analytical or governance problems to be tackled through integration; establishing shared concepts (boundary objects); and establishing operational bridging devices (data and metrics, pathways evaluation and their delivery). Such processes could include experts and societal partners. We draw conclusions about future research perspectives and the role of analysis in transitions governance.     

越南北方气候与气候生产力变化的研究

利用越南北方19个代表性站点，近50a的逐日气象资料，分析了越南北方气候变化及其对农业生产的影响，在此基础上采用EOF(Emprical Orthogonal Func—tion)和其他数理统计方法研究了气候生产力的变化以及气候异常导致气候变率不稳定的时空分布。