ICU患者转出时家属内心体验的质性研究

目的探讨ICU患者转出时家属的内心体验,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用目的抽样法选取即将转出ICU患者的直系家属12名,进行个人面对面半结构式深度访谈,运用Colaizzi现象学研究法对访谈内容进行整理分析。结果提炼出4个主题:转出期望与应激压力并存,因意识到患者依然危重而焦虑,感知到治疗环境及护理模式的转变,照顾能力自我效能感水平低。结论患者转出ICU时,家属有较大的心理压力,与治疗环境改变、照护知识缺乏有关。ICU医护人员应提高对家属的关注度,及时给予评估并干预,以维持家属对患者的良好照护能力。     

精神分裂症患者家属照护体验的质性研究

目的深入了解精神分裂症患者家属(下称患者家属)的照护体验及照护对自身造成的影响,为针对性社区干预提供参考。方法对20名患者家属采取深入访谈和观察法获得其真实感受和体验,采用现象学分析提炼主题。结果获得照护缺乏系统性,获取精神康复知识渠道单一,身心负担过重,经济压力过大,家庭关系恶化5个主题。结论患者家属在照护过程中存在较多问题,应针对性地完善社区护理机构,提供知识、心理援助,减轻其负担,提高照护水平。     

ICU患者家属疾病不确定感影响因素的质性研究

目的 深入探讨影响ICU患者家属产生疾病不确定感的因素,为医护人员采取有效措施降低ICU患者家属疾病不确定感提供参考.方法 对12名ICU患者家属进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析.结果 归纳出ICU患者家属疾病不确定感的主要影响因素有患者的疾病状况和心理状态,家属自身知识缺乏及对患者预后的担忧,社会因素(如经济压力、信息支持、医疗护理服务水平等).结论 ICU患者家属疾病不确定感受多种因素影响.医护人员应加强对患者家属的信息支持力度;实施弹性探视制度,满足家属个体化探视需求;转变观念,重视ICU患者家属的心理体验,加强对ICU患者家属的关怀.     

新疆多民族地区ICU临终患者家属放弃治疗真实体验的质性研究

目的了解新疆多民族地区ICU临终患者家属对放弃治疗的真实体验,为制定有效的干预措施、促进ICU放弃治疗的临终患者家属身心健康提供依据。方法采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对15名ICU放弃治疗的临终患者家属进行半结构式深入访谈,应用Colaizzi分析法进行资料分析。结果 ICU临终患者家属放弃治疗的真实体验提炼出5个主题:预后差,救治希望渺茫;文化背景及宗教信仰;经济负担过重;注重患者的生命质量;放弃治疗后表现出复杂的负性心理。结论新疆多民族地区ICU临终患者家属放弃治疗的原因多样,家属经历严重的负性情绪。需构建更完善的社会支持系统,逐步建立由患者、家属和医护人员共同组成的决策共享模式,以减轻家属因签署放弃治疗而导致的巨大心理压力。     

胆道闭锁患儿住院期间父母照护体验的质性研究

目的 基于慢性病轨迹模式,探讨胆道闭锁患儿住院期间父母的照护体验,为制定针对性的护理支持方案提供参考。 方法 采用现象学研究方法,对19名胆道闭锁住院患儿父母进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析访谈资料。 结果 胆道闭锁患儿住院期间不同阶段父母的照护体验可归纳为3 个主题 ,即诊断阶段：疾病认知与自我概念缺乏,情绪反应强烈;术后阶段：支持需求突出,照护负担沉重;出院阶段：希望与压力并存。 结论 胆道闭锁患儿父母在其住院期间不同阶段有着不断变化的复杂照护体验,医护人员应给予针对性的照护支持与指导,以提高患儿健康水平及减轻父母的照护负担。     

家属对晚期肿瘤患者实施预立医疗照护计划态度的质性研究

目的 了解家属对晚期肿瘤患者实施预立医疗照护计划的态度,为姑息照护领域相关医疗决策的制定提供依据.方法 对17名晚期肿瘤患者家属进行深度访谈,采用现象学分析法分析资料.结果 家属对预立医疗照护计划的态度提炼出4个主题:如患者主动提出,自己愿意支持;预立医疗照护计划本意较好,但不忍患者面对;预立医疗照护计划本身存在一定缺陷,效果令人质疑;目前实施有难度,将来有望推广.家属对晚期肿瘤患者终末治疗的选择提炼出2个主题:不忍患者受苦,选择放弃抢救;进退两难,抢救为无奈之举.结论 晚期肿瘤患者家属在认可预立医疗照护计划的同时存在很多顾虑,知晓抢救的无效性但因外在压力和良心不安选择抢救;医护人员应做好家属健康教育,并协助家属与患者、家属与家属之间进行坦诚沟通,以推广预立医疗照护计划的理念.     

不同阶段ICU患者家属需求的调查分析

目的了解不同阶段重症监护病房(ICU)患者家属的需求状况.方法选取符合入选标准的25名患者家属,分别在患者入ICU 24 h内和72 h后采用急危重患者家属需求量表(CCFNI)进行调查.结果ICU患者家属72 h后在接近患者需求、信息需求、情感及物质支持需求、舒适需求方面得分低于24 h内的评分,且差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);而在保证患者安全方面的需求有升高趋势,但两者差异无显著性意义.结论患者入院初期,其家属处于极度应激状态,对各项需求都较高.72 h后,随着应激水平的下降,其需求也相应有所降低,但保证患者安全的需求没有下降.提示医护人员要在患者入院初期,高度重视、满足家属的各种需求,以帮助其渡过急性应激期;同时要在整个治疗过程中时刻注意满足家属对患者安全和治疗的需求.     

患儿家属ICU后综合征影响因素及干预措施的研究进展

总结儿童患者家属ICU后综合征的影响因素包括与医护人员沟通不足、担任决策者的压力、患儿死亡或濒临死亡、有限的照护参与及家属的人口学因素;干预措施包括增加沟通,提供决策辅助,实施以家庭为中心的护理模式,给予过渡期护理支持。为护理人员了解及采取措施降低患儿家属ICU后综合征的发生提供参考。     

老年慢性病患者不同照护场所比较研究

目的探讨当前形势下老年慢性病患者最佳的照护场所。方法对52例老年慢性病患者在居家、社区养老院和依托医疗机构的老年医疗护理中心三种不同照护场所的照护效果进行对比分析,比较三种照护场所中家属每周陪护所需时间、照护所需人数、费用支出、老年慢性病患者年平均住院次数和生活自理能力的改善等情况。结果三种照护场所中,家属陪护时间、所需照护人数差异较大（P〈0.01）,其中以居家护理最多,医疗护理中心最少;费用支出方面,除雇佣专职护工或采取一对一护理模式外,相差不大;三种照护场所中老年患者疾病复发、住院次数和费用支出比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;老年患者生活自理能力在医疗护理中心改善最为明显,疾病发作后的救治最为及时、方便;结构性访谈中,老年患者家属对医疗护理中心评价最佳。结论依托医疗机构的老年医疗护理中心是当前形势下老年慢性病患者最理想的照护场所,该照护场所为此类患者提供全面的生活照护,更重要的是能使老年人的慢性疾病得到科学、规范、及时的治疗和护理。     

ICU患者家属心理情感体验及护理干预研究现状

对ICU患者家属的心理情感体验、行为表现以及对此采取的相应干预措施进行综述,为促进医患关系,提高患者和家属的满意度提供借鉴.     

嗜铬细胞瘤的围手术期处理

报告８１例嗜铬细胞瘤，完善的围手术期处理使手术成功率达９７．４％（７９／８１）。结合文献讨论了围手术期处理的经验：（１）控制血压；（２）纠正心律失常；（３）解决扩容问题；（４）改善一般情况及心理准备工作；（５）密切观察各项生命指标的变化。并提出术前术中处理较术后处理更重要。     

Preparing for an Era of Episode-Based Care in Total Joint Arthroplasty

With a history of steadily rising healthcare costs, the United States faces an unprecedented set of health and financial challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic will only exacerbate these challenges, and it is of paramount importance to reform and refine health systems to maximize the value of care delivered to the patient. Recent developments related to value improvement in total joint arthroplasty suggest that episode-based payment is likely to become standard practice given the current healthcare environment. Consequently, developing episode-based care models for total joint arthroplasty is in the best interests of surgeons, health systems, and patients. In this article, we review important developments related to value-based care in total joint arthroplasty and present an episode-based framework for delivering high-value, patient-centric care. We examine each phase of a total joint arthroplasty episode—preoperative, acute, post-acute, and follow up—and present several ideas with developing bodies of evidence that can improve the value of care delivered to the patient.     

Characteristics of patients who are acutely admitted to hospital under surgical care and do not have a surgical procedure – Is there an alternative to admission?

Introduction

Previous work has shown that 56% of all acute surgical admissions in Ireland in 2012 did not have a formal surgical procedure. In light of the pressures on health systems internationally and the lack of relevant data on this topic in the literature, we examined the characteristics of this cohort of patients in Ireland.

The evolution of financial incentives in the U.S. health care system

The U.S. health care system continues to evolve toward value-based payment, rewarding providers based upon outcomes per dollar spent. To date, payment innovation has largely targeted primary care, with little consideration for the role of surgical specialists. As such, there remains appropriate uncertainty surrounding the optimal role of the urologic oncologist in alternative payment models. This commentary summarizes the context of U.S. health care reform and offers insights into supply-side innovations including accountable care organizations and bundled payments. Additionally, and importantly, we discuss the implications of rising out-of-pocket health care expenditures giving rise to health care consumerism and the implications therein.     

A National Survey Assessing the Current Workforce of Transplant Pharmacists Across Accredited U.S. Solid Organ Transplant Programs

Integration of pharmacists into multidisciplinary transplant patient care has advanced in recent years, with limited data available to evaluate the current status of the profession. This was a national survey developed as an AST Pharmacy COP initiative. Responses were solicited from pharmacists practicing at U.S. transplant programs based on UNOS listing; 176 participants from 113 centers (41%) responded, with 79% practicing ≤10 years. There is a median of 1.4 pharmacist full‐time equivalents (FTEs) (range 0.1–7.1) for every 100 transplants. The predominant activities performed by pharmacists during the transplant phase include medication review (95%), lab review (92%), allergy review (88%), medication therapy management (92%), bedside rounds (87%), medication education (79%), documentation (71%), and coordinating discharge medications (58%). Similar activities were reported during the other phases, but participation was less common. The involvement of dedicated transplant pharmacists within multidisciplinary care has become standard at a large number of centers, although expansion is still needed to ensure core pharmaceutical care components are provided to all transplant recipients across all centers. These results inform on the typical responsibilities of pharmacists practicing within the field of transplantation and illustrate that the level of pharmacist involvement significantly varies across transplant centers and the phases of transplantation.     

Development of the trauma emergency care system based on the three links theory

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ICU患者安宁疗护筛查工具的研制与信效度检验

目的 研制ICU患者安宁疗护筛查工具并检验信效度,为ICU医护人员提供便捷、有效的安宁疗护对象筛查工具。 方法 通过文献分析、专家函询构建ICU患者安宁疗护筛查工具;回顾性分析206例ICU患者的相关资料,检验该筛查工具信效度,并确定安宁疗护触发值。 结果 ICU患者安宁疗护筛查工具包含3个一级条目、17个二级条目。内容效度指数为0.919,评定者间信度为0.979。2种结局（转出或死亡）患者筛查得分比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;触发值为8.5分,ROC曲线下面积为0.992［95%CI（0.983,1.000）,P＜0.05］,灵敏度为0.936,特异度为0.969,阳性预测值为0.917,阴性预测值为0.981。 结论 ICU患者安宁疗护筛查工具的信效度良好,可作为ICU安宁疗护对象的筛查工具。