纳米材料的难回收性及其负面影响

纳米技术被认为是本世纪最有前途的前沿技术之一,已取得了辉煌的成就.然而,人们过分关注纳米技术所取得的成功,极少人会去思考纳米技术对地球和人类的负面影响.作为纳米技术的核心,许多纳米材料极难回收循环利用,其废弃将浪费大量资源,同时纳米材料可能存在着对生物体的毒性作用,纳米材料的废弃将污染地球环境和危害人类健康.     

纳米技术在水污染控制中的应用

纳米二氧化钛是目前最受人们关注的光催化剂之一.介绍了纳米技术在饮用水处理、印染废水、农药废水、含油废水处理等水污染控制中的应用进展情况,并对其应用前景作了展望.     

纳米技术在陶瓷领域的应用及发展趋势

综合评述了纳米技术在传统陶瓷、结构陶瓷、光学功能陶瓷、电学功能陶瓷和生物功能陶瓷等方面的应用.对纳米技术在陶瓷应用中存在的问题进行了分析,展望了纳米技术对陶瓷未来的影响.     

纳米技术将大显身手

纳米技术的开发研究将在生物技术领域大显身手，监视系统将受益于新的传感器，如差不多可以像现在拦截声频信号那样识别生物系统的探测器，这就使得读取分子特征标记和进行DNA分析成为可能。人们还有可能用纳米技术制造出带有陈年佳酿味道的新酒，或者带有开关的忠诚的生物机器狗。此外，还会出现模拟生物系统的各种各样的智能材料，这类材料能够适应变化的环境，自动修复磨损以及对即时出现的困难发出警告。科学家正在寻找制造晶体管和电路的新方法，这已成为纳米技术发展的主要推动力。纳米技术将对未来电子技术领域产生重大影响，未来…     

纳米技术在提高采收率与管道阻垢上的研究应用

随着科学研究的不断深入和发展,纳米技术作为一项高居科学前沿的新兴技术正逐步应用于石油开发领域。从纳米技术在油田提高采收率方面以及管道防护方面两方面入手,综述了国内外纳米材料于油田驱油提高采收率方面的研究现状、作用机理以及于输油管道阻垢防护上的新突破,展望了纳米技术在油田应用方面的发展趋势。     

纳米材料和纳米技术在新型建筑材料中的应用

介绍了纳米技术在涂料、混凝土材料、陶瓷和高分子材料等方面的应用情况,并展望了纳米材料和纳米技术在建材领域的应用前景.通过论述认为,纳米技术为纳米材料的广泛应用提供了可靠的技术基础和理论指导,也为研制新型建材提供了新思路.     

纳米技术在医学中的应用现状及展望

介绍了纳米技术在临床诊断与检测、临床治疗和生物医学材料上的应用,阐述了纳米技术在医学技术领域中的迅猛发展及获得的广泛应用,揭示了纳米技术在医学领域中广阔的发展前景.     

纳米技术在纺织印染行业中的应用

纳米材料具有其独特性能,广泛应用于各个领域.该论文首先介绍了纳米技术的概念,然后阐述了纳米技术在纺织材料和印染工艺中的应用情况,最后对纳米技术的发展状况作了进一步总结.     

纳米材料的难回收性及其负面影响

纳米技术被认为是本世纪最有前途的前沿技术之一，已取得了辉煌的成就。然而，人们过分关注纳米技术所取得的成功。极少人会去思考纳米技术对地球和人类的负面影响．作为纳米技术的核心，许多纳米材料极难回收循环利用，其废弃将浪费大量资源，同时纳米材料可能存在着对生物体的毒性作用，纳米材料的废弃将污染地球环境和危害人类健康．     

纳米复合材料阻隔膜的特性与应用

近几年来,纳米技术引起人们的普遍关注,人们对纳米复合材料在包装材料领域作为气体阻隔材料进行了广泛的研究开发。     

纳米科技的发展对卤化银技术进步的影响

纳米科技和纳米材料在过去的十几年得到了迅速的发展,并将继续发展并渗透到各个领域,给世界和人类生活带来不可估量的影响。“纳米技术”真的是一个新的概念？事实上,某些材料的制备和使用早已经涉及了这个长度范围,卤化银照相技术就是“老”的纳米技术之一,在早期,从事卤化银照相的人们凭经验和有限的能力控制材料的某些结构在纳米级范畴,随着纳米科学的发展,纳米技术在卤化银照相领域的使用走过了从无意识到有目的的过程,促进了照相科学的发展。本论文将结合卤化银技术在21世纪的发展趋势,从三个方面（在纳米级研究卤化银照相,卤化银微晶上的纳米结构,纳米卤化银微粒）探讨纳米科学对卤化银技术进步的影响。     

Pathway focused protein profiling indicates differential function for IL-1B, -18 and VEGF during initiation and resolution of lung inflammation evoked by carbon nanoparticle exposure in mice

Background  

Carbonaceous nanoparticles possess an emerging source of human exposure due to the massive release of combustion products and the ongoing revolution in nanotechnology. Pulmonary inflammation caused by deposited nanoparticles is central for their adverse health effects. Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with favourable lung physiology are at lower risk for particulate matter associated respiratory diseases probably due to efficient control of inflammation and repair process. Therefore we selected a mouse strain C3H/HeJ (C3) with robust lung physiology and exposed it to moderately toxic carbon nanoparticles (CNP) to study the elicited pulmonary inflammation and its resolution.     

The Role of a University in Education and Training in the Field of Nanotechnology: The Case of the University of the Witwatersrand

The study investigates the role of the University of Witwatersrand (Wits) in the field of nanotechnology, with special focus on the experiences and challenges faced by Wits. Wits has responded to the South African National Nanotechnology Strategy which aimed at ensuring that South Africa is ready to optimally use Nanotechnology to enhance its global competitiveness and sustainable economic growth. The study reveals that Wits has provided research and educational opportunities in the field of nanotechnology. The study however shows that Wits faces the quantitative challenge of an inadequate number of Schools that are involved in nanotechnology activities. This study therefore adds to the global discussion on the role of the University in the field of nanotechnology.     

Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy

Cancer is one of the primary causes of worldwide human deaths. Most cancer patients receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these treatments are usually only partially efficacious and lead to a variety of serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a profound impact on general clinical treatment. The application of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that are highly tumor selective and allow for the slow release of active anticancer drugs. In recent years, vehicles such as liposomes, dendrimers and polymer nanomaterials have been considered promising carriers for tumor-specific drug delivery, reducing toxicity and improving biocompatibility. Among them, polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most innovative methods of non-invasive drug delivery. Here, we review the application of polymer NPs in drug delivery, gene therapy, and early diagnostics for cancer therapy.     

Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology for Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has impacted a heavy burden on global healthcare system with a high morbidity and mortality in both hospitalized and critically ill patients. However, there are still some shortcomings in clinical approaches for the disease to date, appealing for an earlier recognition and specific intervention to improve long-term outcomes. In the past decades, owing to the predictable base-pairing rule and highly modifiable characteristics, nucleic acids have already become significant biomaterials for nanostructure and nanodevice fabrication, which is known as nucleic acid nanotechnology. In particular, its excellent programmability and biocompatibility have further promoted its intersection with medical challenges. Lately, there have been an influx of research connecting nucleic acid nanotechnology with the clinical needs for renal diseases, especially AKI. In this review, we begin with the diagnostics of AKI based on nucleic acid nanotechnology with a highlight on aptamer- and probe-functionalized detection. Then, recently developed nanoscale nucleic acid therapeutics towards AKI will be fully elucidated. Furthermore, the strengths and limitations will be summarized, envisioning a wiser and wider application of nucleic acid nanotechnology in the future of AKI.     

Self-assembled,Programmable DNA Nanodevices for Biological and Biomedical Applications

The broad field of structural DNA nanotechnology has diverged into various areas of applications ranging from computing, photonics, synthetic biology, and biosensing to in-vivo bioimaging and therapeutic delivery, to name but a few. Though the field began to exploit DNA to build various nanoscale architectures, it has now taken a new path to diverge from structural DNA nanotechnology to functional or applied DNA nanotechnology. More recently a third sub-branch has emerged-biologically oriented DNA nanotechnology, which seeks to explore the functionalities of combinatorial DNA devices in various biological systems. In this review, we summarize the key developments in DNA nanotechnology revealing a current trend that merges the functionality of DNA devices with the specificity of biomolecules to access a range of functions in biological systems. This review seeks to provide a perspective on the evolution and biological applications of DNA nanotechnology, where the integration of DNA structures with biomolecules can now uncover phenomena of interest to biologists and biomedical scientists. Finally, we conclude with the challenges, limitations, and perspectives of DNA nanodevices in fundamental and applied research.     

Health implications of engineered nanomaterials

With the development of nanotechnology, a growing number of people are expected to be exposed to its products, the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Some physico-chemical properties of ENMs, linked to their size in the nanoscale (1-100 nm), make them potentially more reactive, and therefore raise concern about possible adverse effects in humans. In this article, I discuss human diseases which may be predicted after exposure to ENMs, and how their pathogenetic mechanisms may be linked to exposure; in this regard, special emphasis has been given to the triad of oxidative stress/inflammation/genotoxicity and to the interaction of ENMs/proteins in different biological compartments. The analysis of possible adverse effects has been made on an organ-by-organ basis, starting from the skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. These sites are in fact not only those exposed to the highest amounts of ENMs, but are also the portals of entry to internal organs for possible systemic effects. Although the list and the relevance of possible human disorders linked to ENM exposure are at least as impressive as that of their direct or indirect beneficial effects for human health, we must be clear that ENM-linked diseases belong to the realm of possible risk (i.e. cannot be excluded, but are unlikely), whereas ENMs with proven beneficial effects are on the market. Therefore, the mandatory awareness about possible adverse effects of ENMs should in no way be interpreted as a motivation to disregard the great opportunity represented by nanotechnology.     

纳米粒子增韧聚氯乙烯研究新进展

本文主要综述了纳米粒子在聚氯乙烯增韧改性中的应用研究状况.现有的结果表明,纳米复合技术在聚氯乙烯增韧改性中具有同时提高材料韧性和强度的特点.因此,纳米复合技术将成为聚氯乙烯增韧改性的一种重要方法,并得到广泛应用.     

Initiatives and strategies for development of nanotechnology in nations: a lesson for Africa and other least developed countries

It is a known fact that the progress and development of different nations of the world is strongly connected with the type of materials under their use. This paper highlighted the development of nanotechnology in some selected countries of the world through a careful review of their road maps by way of public and private initiatives, funding/investment profile, human resources development, industrial potentials, and focus in order to draw inferences. The peculiar challenges and opportunities for some African nations and other least developed countries (LDC) were drawn for their economic and technological developments. This investigation was simply based on open access literatures. The review showed that although nanotechnology is new globally, most countries of the world have had growing public and private investments aimed at bringing about new materials and systems that can impact positively on their economy and ensure their global competitiveness and sustainability. The global scenario suggests the crucial role of cooperation in a multidisciplinary collaboration/partnership between government ministries, agencies, institutions, and private sector/donor agencies in order to pool enough resource capital required for activities in nanotechnology.