基于相对灵敏度分析的自卸车车架轻量化设计

在Hypermesh中建立TY型自卸车车架有限元模型,对车架进行了弯曲和扭转工况下的强度与刚度分析,并通过模态试验验证了有限元模型的准确性。对车架部件进行柔度灵敏度、模态灵敏度和质量灵敏度的计算,基于相对灵敏度分析的结果确定优化设计变量,在保证车架刚度和低阶模态频率的前提下,对车架结构进行轻量化优化。结果表明:优化后车架的强度、刚度和低阶模态频率均有所提高,避免了应力集中现象,车架质量减少70 kg,验证了该轻量化设计方法的可行性。     

履带车辆车架的优化设计

建立了履带车辆车架的有限元模型并进行了多工况静力学分析,针对履带车辆车架应力分布不均匀现象,以各工况载荷下对应的柔度最小作为目标函数,体积和应力作为约束条件进行拓扑优化,得到了合理的车架拓扑结构。为进一步优化梁结构截面参数,以质量最小为目标函数,结构应力为约束条件,对车架进行尺寸优化设计,得到了满足强度要求的车架结构,并取得了良好的轻量化效果。该优化方法同样适合其他模型,对车架结构的改进方式具有指导意义。     

基于ANSYS的SUV型客车车架强度计算及优化设计

利用ANSYS软件,计算了SUV型客车车架的强度和刚度;并在此分析的基础上,建立了车架的优化设计空间。以车架最大应力作为优化设计的性能约束,以车架质量作为优化目标,使车架在满足使用要求的前提下达到质量最轻化,为车架的优化设计提供了可行的方法。     

重型自卸车主副一体式车架轻量化优化设计

建立了TY型重型自卸车主副一体式车架有限元模型,通过稳态力学分析发现该车架整体强度过大,对车架结构进行了轻量化优化设计。该优化模型以车架部件的板厚为设计变量、以车架的总质量最小作为目标函数、以车架的强度作为约束条件进行了多工况下的优化,并对优化后的车架进行刚度对比分析,在保证整体强度和刚度的前提下,优化后的车架比原车架质量减轻9%,取得了良好的轻量化效果。     

离散变量三段式车架轻量化设计

研究优化设计中设计变量的离散化处理,完成三段式车架的静动态特性分析和轻量化设计。首先,以某中型越野车车架为优化对象,采用实验设计方法进行了设计变量的灵敏度分析,并在对设计变量进行必要的取舍基础上建立了结构优化模型。其次,采用多岛遗传优化算法计算车架在三种工况下的最大应力、位移和自由模态下的固有频率,以完成在结构满足固有频率、几何尺寸和强度等约束条件下的车架各板材离散化尺寸的优化。优化结果表明:在可行域范围内,不仅使车架的质量降低了5.7%还避开了激励频率。     

基于实验设计的城市客车车架多工况稳健设计优化

针对某城市客车模型,将实验设计、6σ稳健设计与多工况优化设计相结合,提出一种高稳健性且减轻结构质量的方法。该方法先通过最优拉丁超立方方法筛选出对车架质量、应力、变形等具有较大的影响变量作为优化尺寸变量;分别针对各工况进行确定性优化并分析结果可靠度;将结果可靠度较低的工况进行6σ稳健优化设计;最后对车架进行基于概率考虑的全工况优化设计。对某城市客车模型多工况稳健优化设计的结果表明,该方法在考虑了多工况和车架优化结果可靠性满足设计要求的基础上,有效提高稳健性,减轻其结构质量。     

东风重型载货汽车车架静动力学分析及优化设计

车架纵梁作为车架主要承载部件,其性能直接关系到汽车的承载能力与安全性。以国产东风重型载货汽车车架为研究对象,采用ANSYS Workbench建立有限元模型,对车架进行静力学和动力学分析。然后对车架纵梁进行优化设计,以车架轻量化和外载荷作用下变形量最小为优化目标,纵梁槽钢的截面尺寸作为设计变量,获得车架纵梁最优结构尺寸参数,实现了车架的轻量化。分析结果表明:在保证车架整体性能的前提下,车架最大应力值降低了3.9%,车架质量降低5.8%,并且优化后的车架防共振效果更好。该设计为车架结构的改进及优化提供了理论依据,具有重要的工程实用价值。     

工程机械车架结构分析及优化设计

以某型号道路工程车辆车架为研究对象,在CATIA软件中建立了该车架的3D模型,导入Hypermesh进行网格划分并建立其有限元模型,根据车辆的实际工作情况,构建满载静止和支撑两种工况然后进行强度分析,选择应力与变形较大的工况进一步计算其模态频率。构建以厚度为应变量的响应面模型,基于车架近似模型以车架的总质量和第一阶模态频率作为优化目标,以车架的强度作为约束条件进行多目标优化。优化结果表明:在满足车架整体性能要求的前提下,优化后的车架第一阶模态频率提高了6%,并且车架质量减轻了7%,证实了该优化设计方法的有效性,为后续工程车架的设计提供指导。     

某车架结构基于灵敏度分析的优化设计

建立了某自卸车车架有限元模型,通过模态试验和模态有限元分析得出了车架固有频率,并且验证了该模型的准确性和合理性。依据车架结构的灵敏度分析结果来选择设计变量,在保证车架低阶模态频率和强度的前提下,以车架轻量化为目标优化车架构件厚度,实现了车架质量8.0%的降低幅度;在控制车架质量和强度的条件下,以提高车架低阶模态频率为目标,实现了车架结构的低阶模态频率和动态性能的提高。     

汽车车架结构的拓扑优化设计

采用有限元分析和结构拓扑优化设计相结合的方法,依据汽车车架的结构受力特性及其材料的性能要求,建立了优化数学模型.在此基础上,基于弯曲板的应力灵敏度分析和性能指标,构建了应力约束下车架拓扑优化准则.最后,开展了车架结构的仿真设计,并得到了合理的结果.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.