非定常流动的快速拉格朗日涡方法数值模拟

采用快速拉格朗日涡方法数值模拟有复杂旋涡运动的非定常流动. 利用离散涡元模拟旋涡的产生、聚集和输送过程. 拉格朗日描述法用来计算离散涡元的移动,而移动速度则利用广义毕奥-萨伐尔公式结合快速多极子展开法计算,修正的涡半径扩散模型用来模拟离散涡元的黏性扩散. 突然起动圆柱和大攻角下突然起动翼型的非定常有涡流动的数值模拟,及其与试验结果的对比验证了方法的有效性. 另外,大攻角下突然起动翼型的计算结果给出了翼型起动后吸力面旋涡的产生、发展,周期性非定常流动的形成,以及尾流旋涡结构等一些重要的流动特征.[关键词] 非定常流有涡流动快速涡方法      

可压缩流向涡与激波轴对称干扰的数值模拟

用ＮＳ方程数值模拟了可压缩流向涡和激波轴对称相互作用现象．数值模拟包括定常和非定常两种情况,计算结果分别与相应的实验进行了比较．结果表明数值模拟成功地捕捉到了激波和旋涡相互作用过程中发生的激波波面变形,激波振荡,涡核变大以及激波波后出现驻点、回流区等流场特征．提出了判断流向涡与运动激波相互作用中旋涡破碎的准则     

旋涡与行进表面水波相互作用的实验研究

采用振动板式造波器在二维水槽中生成近似单色的行进表面水波，采用夹板式涡发生器生成稳定上浮的涡对，在Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ数约为０．５的条件下，得到了水下涡对与不同波长和振幅的行进表面水波相互作用时的干扰图象，以实验方法验证了理论分析和数值计算的结果，并为进一步研究旋涡与行进表面水波的相互作用提供了一种实验研究方法     

三角翼的双襟翼控涡作用的数值模拟研究

对装有“前端襟翼”和“前缘襟翼”的７４°后掠三角翼的不可压缩流场作了数值模拟,以研究襟翼的旋涡控制作用．数值模拟是用拟压缩性方法求解一般曲线坐标系下的三维不可压缩Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,时间离散用向后Ｅｕｌｅｒ差分,空间无粘项的离散用二阶迎风ＴＶＤ格式,所得的离散方程用对角化形式的近似隐式因子分解格式求解．湍流模型用Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数模式．计算了三种平面形状的机翼在迎角范围为１０°～５０°的绕流和气动特性．计算和实验的比较表明,襟翼向下偏转可以推迟旋涡破裂,且对提高机翼的减阻能力、升阻比和改善失速前后的气动特性有明显效果,双襟翼具有更佳的控涡效果．     

激波-涡干扰声场的数值研究

采用高精度差分格式求解非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,对激波－单涡／双涡相互干扰产生的声场进行了直接数值。详细研究了波－涡干扰声场结构的早期发展阶段,将激波－单涡的计算结果和相应实验进行 对比,并给出近场声压的衰减规律。在此基础上模拟较为复杂的激波－双涡干扰,给出不同旋涡旋转方向下的声场结构。     

涡量修正方法在切向炉内流场数值模拟中的应用

涡量是流体运动的一个基本物理量，旋涡是流体运动中常见的一种基本形态，又是湍流的一种基本结构，它在理论上和工程实践中占有相当重要的位置。本文在吴镇远（Ｊ．Ｃ．Ｗｕ）方法的基础上，提出了一种新的数值计算方法——涡量修正方法。对炉内速度场及涡量场进行了计算，其速度场的计算结果与实验基本符合，在网格划分基本相同的条件下与ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法所得结果相比，涡量修正算法更接近于实验结果，为流场的数值模拟提供了一条新的途径。     

可压缩流向涡与激波轴对称干扰的数值模拟

用ＮＳ方程数值模拟了可压缩流向涡和激波轴对称相互作用现象。数值模拟包括定常和非定常两种情况,计算结果分别与相应的实验进行了比较,结果表明数值模拟成功地捕捉到了激波和旋涡相互作用过程中发生的激波波面变形,激波振荡,涡核变大以及激波波后出现驻点、回流区等流场特征。提出了判断流向涡与运动激波相互作用中旋涡破碎的准则。     

可压缩流向涡与反向运动激波相互作用的实验

对可压缩流向涡与反向运动激波相互作用的现象进行了实验研究．实验在９４ｍｍ×９４ｍｍ的方截面激波管中进行．在实验段上游安装了一个有限翼展平直机翼．当入射激波通过机翼后，波后２区气流在模型翼尖诱导出一条流向涡．入射激波在激波管端壁反射后，形成的反射激波在观察窗处和流向涡发生作用．实验中拍摄了激波与流向涡作用全过程的纹影照片，观察到了一些和定常激波与旋涡相互作用不同的现象，并与数值计算结果进行了初步比较     

小型静态火旋涡的实验研究

本文介绍了一种研究火旋涡的实验方案，利用火旋涡发生器测量了火旋涡的温度分布，并对火旋涡的旋转速度、燃烧速率及进风口风速等物理量与进风口大小之间的关系进行了初步的分析．实验中观察到的火旋涡稳定，明显，效果理想．     

可压缩流向涡与激波轴对称干扰的数值模拟1)

用NS方程数值模拟了可压缩流向涡和激波轴对称相互作用现象.数值模拟包括定常和非定常两种情况,计算结果分别与相应的实验进行了比较.结果表明数值模拟成功地捕捉到了激波和旋涡相互作用过程中发生的激波波面变形,激波振荡,涡核变大以及激波波后出现驻点、回流区等流场特征.提出了判断流向涡与运动激波相互作用中旋涡破碎的准则.     

Diffusion via splitting and remeshing via merging in vortex methods

The technique of splitting a fat vortex element (with a core width larger than some threshold) into some thin ones in order to fix the convergence problem of the core‐spreading vortex methods is convenient and efficient. In particular, it keeps the method purely Lagrangian. In the present investigation, the splitting process is further viewed as part of the physical diffusion process. A new splitting method in which several weaker child vortices surround a thinned but still strong parent vortex is proposed. It is found that because of the survival of the parent vortex, the error arising from the splitting events can be largely reduced. The computational amount on the other hand is kept reasonably large by merging similar and close‐by vortices. The merging scheme designed herein not only involves fewer restrictions but also allows merging vortices of opposite rotations through the viewpoint of remeshing. The validity and accuracy of these techniques, proposed particularly for simulations undergoing lots of splitting and merging events, are verified by successfully simulating the interactions between two Burgers vortices under an external straining field. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical study of vortex reconnection for two anti-parallel vortex tubes

By direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations we investigate the reconnection of two antiparallel vortex tubes. A new type of perturbation of the initial vorticity field is given which is different from that presented in Refs. [8] and [9]. The formation and the evolution of the “curved vortex belts”, their mutual action with the “bridges” are found. These are important phenomena not studied by others. The project supported by the LNM of Institute of Mechanics, Academia Sinica and The National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Coaxial interactions of two vortex rings or of a ring with a body

Inviscid coaxial interactions of two vortex rings, including head-on collisions and leapfrogging motions, are considered using a contour dynamics technique. Interactions of vortex rings with solid bodies are also investigated by combining the contour dynamics technique with a boundary integral equation method. Numerical results show that a clean, successful passage motion is possible for two vortex rings with not too thick cores. In both cases of head-on collisions and leapfrogging motions, very large core deformations are observed when two vortex rings get close to each other. A head-tail structure is formed in the later stage of a head-on collision of two fat vortices. Numerical results also show that a vortex ring will stretch and slow down when it moves toward a solid boundary, will shrink and speed up when it moves away from a solid boundary, and will either translate steadily or approach an oscillating asymptotic state when it is far away from any boundaries. The project supported by The National Education Commission of China and NASA under cooperative grant agreement #NCC5-34.     

Evolution of single elliptic vortex rings

The evolution of single elliptic vortex rings for initial aspect ratio (AR)=2,4,6 has been studied. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a dealiased pseudo-spectral method with 64³ grid points in a periodic cube. We find that there are three kinds of vortex motion asAR increases and bifurcation occurs at certainAR. The processes of advection, interaction and decay of vortex ring are discussed. Numerical results coincide with experiments and other authors' numerical simulation. The project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Doctoral Program of Institution of Higher Education     

Simulation on motion of particles in vortex merging process

In a two-phase flow, the vortex merging influences both the flow evolution and the particle motion. With the blobs-splitting-and-merging scheme, the vortex merging is calculated by a corrected core spreading vortex method （CCSVM）. The particle motion in the vortex merging process is calculated according to the particle kinetic model. The results indicate that the particle traces are spiral lines with the same rotation direction as the spinning vortex. The center of the particle group is in agreement with that of the merged vortex. The merging time is determined by the circulation and the initial ratio of the vortex radius and the vortex center distance. Under a certain initial condition, a stretched particle trail is generated, which is determined by the viscosity, the relative position between the particles and the vortex, and the asymmetrical circulation of the two merging vortices.     

A three‐dimensional vortex particle‐in‐cell method for vortex motions in the vicinity of a wall

A new vortex particle‐in‐cell method for the simulation of three‐dimensional unsteady incompressible viscous flow is presented. The projection of the vortex strengths onto the mesh is based on volume interpolation. The convection of vorticity is treated as a Lagrangian move operation but one where the velocity of each particle is interpolated from an Eulerian mesh solution of velocity–Poisson equations. The change in vorticity due to diffusion is also computed on the Eulerian mesh and projected back to the particles. Where diffusive fluxes cause vorticity to enter a cell not already containing any particles new particles are created. The surface vorticity and the cancellation of tangential velocity at the plate are related by the Neumann conditions. The basic framework for implementation of the procedure is also introduced where the solution update comprises a sequence of two fractional steps. The method is applied to a problem where an unsteady boundary layer develops under the impact of a vortex ring and comparison is made with the experimental and numerical literature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of bottom topography on the standing waves in circular basins

Standing waves in the cylinder basins with inhomogeneous bottom are considered in this paper. We assume that the inviscid, incompressible fluid is in irrotational undulatory motion. For convenience sake, cylindrical coordinates are chosen. The velocity potentials, the wave profiles and the modified frequencies are determined (to the third order) as power series in terms of the amplitude divided by the wavelength. Axisymmetrical analytical solutions are worked out. When ₁=0,the second order frequency are gained. As an example, we assume that cylinder bottom is an axisymmetrical paraboloid. We find out that the uneven bottom has influences on standing waves. In the end, we go into detail on geometric factors.     

圆射流中拟序涡配对的数值模拟

用三维涡丝法结合涡丝的增加与合并技术,对不可压圆射流场,数值模拟了在扰动中加入次谐波后流场拟序涡的配对,配对情况与实验结果一致,通过对不同时刻涡量图的比较与分析,给出了次谐波初始强度对涡配对的影响,初始强度越大,涡配对出现越早,涡配对位置越往上游移动;同时还得到了基波与次谐波初始相位差和涡配对的关系,没有相位差时,次谐波增长最快,相位差增加时,涡配对的速度降低。说明控制次谐波的初始强度和基波与次谐波的相位差,能起到控制圆射流剪切层乃至控制整个射流场的目的。     

A HYBRID VORTEX METHOD FOR FLOWS OVER A BLUFF BODY

A hybrid vortex method was developed to simulate the two-dimensional viscous incompressible flows over a bluff body numerically. It is based on a combination of the diffusion–vortex method and the vortex-in-cell method by dividing the flow field into two regions. In the region near the body surface the diffusion–vortex method is used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations, while the vortex-in-cell method is used in the exterior domain. Comparison with results obtained by the finite difference method, other vortex methods and experiments shows that the present method is well adapted to calculate two-dimensional external flows at high Reynolds number. It is capable of calculating not only the global characteristics of the separated flow but also the evolution of the fine structure of the flow field with time precisely. The influence of the grid system and region decomposition on the results will also be discussed. © by 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A deterministic vortex method for solving the Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, a new 2-D vortex method is developed, which treats the vorticity diffusion in a deterministical way. The Laplacian operator, which describes vorticity diffusion, is approximated by a contour integral. The numerical results of two model problems show that this method has a good accuracy. A primary error estimation is given, and the self-adaptive vortex blob and the boundary conditions are discussed. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China