2019年连云港近岸海域水质环境分析与综合评价

于2019年春、夏、秋季对连云港近岸海域海水中营养盐、重金属等共19项指标进行3个航次采样监测.依照海水水质评价标准统计分析站点达标率,采用有机污染物指数法和富营养化指数法,对调查海域海水有机污染、营养水平等进行综合评价.结果表明:2019年连云港市海域站位全年达标率为86.4％,达标面积为6543 km2,占管辖海域...     

Hydrocarbon Pollution in the Sediment of Some Malaysian Coastal Areas

A study was carried out at some selected coastal areas of Malaysia to determine the present status of hydrocarbon pollution. Five sites were chosen and these include Pulau Langkawi and Pulau Ketam in the west coast, Tanjung Piai in the south, and Pulau Tioman and Kemaman in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The levels of total hydrocarbon in the sediments are found to vary from 18.2 to 847.4 mg kg-1 with sediments from Pulau Langkawi and Tanjung Piai recorded the highest values (691.2 to 847.4 mg kg-1) while Kemaman and Pulau Ketam recorded the lowest values (18.2 to 59.8 mg kg-1). It was noted that these values are related not only to possible sources of hydrocarbon but also to the physical characteristics of the sediments analysed. Sandy sediment generally contains less hydrocarbon than clayey sediment. Further analyses of the sediment extracts indicate that the sources of the hydrocarbon pollution are predominantly petrogenic with significant contribution from biogenic hydrocarbon.     

2020—2022年温岭市近岸海域海洋垃圾分布特征研究

2020—2022年在浙江省温岭市近岸海域布设监测断面,采集海洋垃圾,分析其分布和组成特征,解析其来源,并使用清洁海岸指数（CCI）及危险物品指数（HII）对海滩垃圾质量进行评估。结果表明：温岭市近岸海域海面漂浮大块及特大块垃圾年平均数量密度为37.7个/km2;海面漂浮小块及中块垃圾年平均数量密度为3 568.2个/km2;海滩垃圾数量密度为5 813.5个/km2。海洋垃圾主要材料类型为塑料类和聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料类,其主要来源于陆地人类生产活动。近岸海域CCI和HII指数年均值分别为0.11和0.66,表明温岭市洞下沙滩处于非常清洁且安全水平。     

江苏省近岸海域表层海水微塑料的组成与赋存特征

于2019年10月,对江苏省(连云港、盐城和南通3市)近岸海域6个站位进行了1个航次的表层海水微塑料采样,监测分析了微塑料的粒径、丰度和组分分布情况.结果表明,江苏省近岸海域表层海水中微塑料污染广泛存在,监测站位检出率100％.微塑料粒径分布为0.02～4.80 mm,微米级微塑料占比最高(总体粒径占比83.4％),6...     

近岸海域水色异常遥感监测方法研究

水体颜色是判断水体质量的重要依据,利用遥感技术检测水色异常是进行水质评估和水体污染监测的重要技术手法。基于盐城市废黄河入海口处的GF1-WFV影像数据,利用遥感影像自身光谱特征来构建水色异常判断函数,对研究区域的水色异常进行快速提取和定位,并比较分析了基于单景影像特征和多景影像特征设置判断阈值的提取结果。研究结果表明：该方法完全基于遥感影像光谱特征,可有效提取出未知类型的水色异常信息;与基于单景影像设置的判断阈值相比,基于双景影像设置的判断阈值更合理、更适用,提取速度更快,提取范围更精确,Kappa系数为0.80;另外,采用合适窗口大小进行均值滤波处理能有效防止提取结果细碎和斑块化。     

宁波市饮用水源地爆发蓝藻水华时微囊藻毒素的污染分析

通过固相萃取净化,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定水中微囊藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR的方法,并用该方法监测了宁波市两个饮用水源地爆发蓝藻水华时水体中的微囊藻毒素.监测结果表明,姚江水体中的微囊藻毒素污染水平低,MC-LR和MC-RR没有被检出;梅湖水库水体中MC-RR也未被检出,采取措施后,虽MC-LR有时被检出,但最高时也低于国家标准值(1.0μg/L).     

Insecticide Contamination of Jamaican Environment. IV. Transport of the Residues Coffee Plantations in the Blue Mountains to Coastal Waters in Eastern Jamaica

A survey of 120 coffee farmers in the Portland watershed revealed that they lacked training in pesticide application, and had no concept of the transport of residues in the environment and their impact on non-target organisms.Residues of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorous compounds (OP) were monitored monthly for over a year in plantation soil, and water, sediment and fauna of three rivers and coastal waters of Portland watershed by gas chromatography. OP residues were not detected in any sample while OC residues were below detection levels in Rio Grande. The mean concentration ± standard error of residues detected in water (g L^_1), sediment (ng g^_1) and fauna (ng g^_1 in wet weight) were: -endosulfan 2.7 ± 1.29, 3.8 ± 0.15 and 15.9 ± 1.61, respectively, in Spanish River, 1.56 ± 0.43, 24.3 ± 16.44 and 9.0 ± 1.86, respectively, in Swift River; 0.40 ± 0.02, 1.77 ± 0.68 ± 12.63, respectively, in sea coast; -endosulfan, 1.2 ± 0.48, 0 and 8.1 ± 1.99, respectively, in Spanish River, 1.9 ± 0.49, 0.75 ± 0.32 and 11. ± 4.32, respectively, in Swift River; 0, 5.1 ± 0.30 and 30.9 ± 15.96, respectively, in sea coast; endosulfan sulphate, 0.12 ± 0.12, 4.8 ± 1.62 and 10.0 ± 2.02, respectively, in Spanish River, 3.6 ± 0.95, 3.1 ± 0.56 and 7.9 ± 1.29, respectively, in Swift River and 0, 3.9 ± 2.17 and 24.0 ± 14.67, respectively, in sea coast.Dieldrin residues were detected only once in water (0.2 ± 0.03) and sediment (0.02 ± 0.003) of Spanish River, water (0.76 ± 0.09) of Swift River and sediment (0.1 ± 0.005) of sea coast; pp DDE was found twice in water (3.1 ± 1.53) and sediment (0.1 ± 0.007) of Swift River and water (0.8 ± 0.22) and sediment (6.14 ± 0.41) of sea coast. Arochlor was detected only twice (0.011 and 0.153) in water of Spanish River.     

An Evaluation of Bivalves as Biomonitors of Heavy Metals Pollution in Marine Waters

Heavy metals (namely Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Ag) that are present at concentrations common in ambient marine waters can cause adverse effects in shellfish. Such effects can significantly impact the trophic structure of a biological community. Heavy metals uptake is dependent on both geochemical and biological factors. In bivalves, the extent of accumulation is a function of several biotic and abiotic variables. Based on several criteria, (including: an ability to accumulate metals without suffering mortality, habitation within, and continuous exposure to, the contaminated matrix, hardiness, and ease of sampling) bivalve molluscs have proven to be useful biomonitors for a host of inorganic contaminants. It is essential that the biomonitoring plan is not only site specific, but that it considers the use of indigenous species whenever possible. This paper will provide a general review of studies that have employed bivalved shellfish as sentinel bioindicators in marine environments impacted by heavy metals, and give suggestions for conducting biomonitoring assays.     

河北省近岸海域氮磷变化及其影响因素分析

根据2011—2018年河北省近岸海域海水、入海河流、降水中氮和磷的监测数据,分析了海水中氮和磷的变化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:2011—2018年,河北省近岸海域海水中无机氮(DIN)和无机磷(DIP)的平均浓度均低于第二类海水水质标准,海域富营养化状况以贫营养和轻度富营养为主,超标(第二类海水水质标准限值)点位和中度、重富营养区域主要集中在沧州市近岸海域。河北省近岸海域海水中DIN的平均浓度在2011—2014年、2015—2017年呈现阶段性上升趋势,2018年大幅下降; DIP的平均浓度在2011—2013年无明显波动,2014年陡增后开始逐年下降; N/P在2011—2014年无明显变化,2015—2018年呈逐年上升趋势。自2016年起,入海河流中氨氮和总磷的平均浓度、降水中氨氮的平均浓度均呈逐年下降趋势。近岸海域海水、入海河流、降水中的氮和磷表现出一定的相关性和协同性,陆源污染输入总量降低是海水中氮磷浓度降低的主要原因。应警惕污染物控制力度的不同所导致的海水中生源要素结构的改变,及其引发的潜在海洋生态风险。     

广西近岸海水和沉积物中有机氯农药的分布及生态风险

通过对广西近岸水体和沉积物中2类有机氯农药(OCPs,包括HCHs和DDTs)的大面调查,评估了广西近岸海域OCPs的分布特征、污染状况和生态风险。结果显示:广西近岸海域的海水中所有站位都未检出HCHs和DDTs,所有站位的沉积物中也未检出HCHs,43个沉积物站位中DDTs的检出率为11.6%,沉积物中DDTs含量范围为nd~3.7 ng/g。研究表明:广西近岸水体及沉积物中OCPs的污染水平很低,沉积物中DDTs具有较为明显的空间分布规律,呈现出渔港附近含量高,以及TOC (有机碳)含量较高的河口附近含量高的特征。船舶防污漆可能是造成渔港附近DDTs含量较高的主要原因,部分河口站位主要受河流输入污染物影响,DDTs主要来源于历史残留,沉积物中TOC含量是影响DDTs残留分布的重要因素,DDTs易与悬浮物中的有机质通过吸附络合结合而沉积。生态风险评价结果显示:广西近岸海水的HCHs和DDTs生态风险极低,沉积物的HCHs生态风险也极低,沉积物中DDTs的潜在生态风险总体很低。     

Quantitative Analyses of Pollution-Indicator and Pathogenic Bacteria in Mumbai Waters from Ballast Water Exchange Perspective

As large numbers of ships either take in ballast from or discharge their ballast into the Mumbai Harbor region, it is pertinent to quantify microorganisms of health concerns and suggest on the suitability of water for ballasting purposes. To meet with this main aim, a selected set of general and pathogenic bacterial groups and their seasonal variations were studied from the Mumbai Harbor area. Sampling was carried out during postmonsoon (November 2001), pre-monsoon (April 2002) and monsoon (October 2002) periods. We quantified total coliforms and eight other groups of known human pathogenic bacteria from water, sediment, marine plant and animal samples collected in and around Mumbai Harbor. When compared with similar studies from other parts/harbors of the world, the Mumbai Harbor area has over 100-times higher levels of coliforms. The serotypes of Escherichia coli O157 and Shigella-Alkaligens Dispar group were abundant throughout the year. Even Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp., campylobacters and aeromonads were present in large numbers. This comprehensive study, conducted with a view to quantify these bacterial groups and to evaluate the suitability of these waters for ballasting purposes, clearly suggests that both ballasting and deballasting be avoided in this region and alternative procedures should be developed for treating/handling ballast water.     

Groundwater Pollution Around an Industrial Area in the Coastal Stretch of Maharashtra State, India

The main objective of this paper is to examine pollution threat, especially to the groundwater resources, around Tarapur industrial area (also called the Tarapur MIDC area) located on the Arabian Sea Coast in Thane District of Maharashtra State, India and suggest remedial measures that may also be relevant to other industrial areas on the Indian Sea Coast. One hundred and thirty one samples were collected from various sources, such as dugwells, borewells, dug-cum-borewells, effluent sumps, drainage channels (effluent channels), creeks and ocean, for chemical analyses. These analyses show that the area in general is characterized by hard water and high salinity hazard, possibly due to its proximity and hydraulic connection with the sea. Although the potability of groundwater is questionable in certain pockets, it is good enough for irrigation purposes at present. Low pH value and high heavy metal contents in the adjoining Muramba creek water is a matter of great concern and may be attributed to the indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents to the drainage channels connecting the creek. Muramba Creek is well connected with the Arabian Sea, and there are evidences of seawater intrusion around this creek. Because of the fact that Muramba Creek is highly polluted, and is hydraulically connected with the dugwells and borewells surrounding the creek, it cannot be ruled out that the groundwater around this creek is susceptible to contamination. Unless measures are not taken immediately to stop the indiscriminate disposal of the solid wastes and liquid effluents in open ground and drainage channels, and measures are not taken to maintain the appropriate pH values at the effluent treatment facilities before their disposal, the problem would indeed be formidable one day, and it will be too late then for the authorities to take care of the resulting maladies. Few suggestions have been given for controlling and managing the industrial pollution around the Tarapur MIDC area. These suggestions are relevant to other industrial areas situated on the 7,000 km long Indian Sea Coast.     

2022年青岛市沿海区域臭氧污染特征及传输影响分析

基于2022年1—12月青岛市沿海区域臭氧（O₃）自动监测数据和气象观测资料,对O₃污染变化特征及影响因素进行了分析,结合后向轨迹聚类与潜在源区分析等方法,对O₃外来输送通道及潜在源分布情况进行分析研究。结果表明：青岛市沿海区域O₃污染主要集中在4—10月份,日变化特征呈单峰单谷趋势,峰值出现在15：00—16：00;气象因素中,地面短波辐射对O₃浓度变化的相对贡献最大,偏南风易导致O₃污染;受二氧化氮（NO₂）滴定作用以及海陆风转换影响,沿海区域O₃峰值与谷值均滞后青岛城区1 h左右;O₃生成整体处于VOCs控制区,1-丁烯、正丁烷与异戊烷是O₃污染期间导致O₃浓度上升的关键组分;O₃污染的主要潜在源区为长三角北部和黄海近岸海域,以及山东中南部地区。     

广佛珠江河网区石油类污染数值模拟研究

基于EFDC模型,构建了广佛珠江感潮河网区三维水动力模型;同时,通过耦合石油类污染物水力输运与悬沙吸附一沉降过程,构建石油类水质数学模型,从而更全面客观地模拟水体石油类污染物的迁移转化过程。通过2001年1月实例模拟及验证,表明模型能较好地模拟再现珠江水体石油类浓度变化过程,为日后珠江水环境质量监控与水质改善、城市河涌整治成果评价及预测等提供技术支持。     

江苏如东沿海经济开发区夏季O3污染特征及来源分析

为探究如东沿海经济开发区夏季大气中的O₃污染成因,基于2022年6月园区大气超级站的监测数据,较为全面地分析了O₃污染来源、水平及二次生成潜势等。结果表明:2022年6月园区O₃超标天数占比为34.5%,共计10 d,污染严重程度为2018—2022年同期最高水平(151 μg/m³);分析4个污染过程发现,高温低湿、静稳天气易诱发O₃污染事件,结合污染天气象条件发现,当温度＞25℃且相对湿度＜ 75%时极易发生O₃污染;污染天VOCs组分贡献率主要受芳香烃、烯烃及烷烃影响,其中邻二甲苯、甲苯、间-对二甲苯是O₃管控的关键活性物种;后向轨迹聚类分析显示,园区O₃污染主要受到上海、江西和苏南本地气团输送的影响,主导轨迹出现概率分别为30%、27%和24%,其余小部分时段可能受到来自中国北部和东部的下沉气流影响。为科学管控园区夏季O₃污染,应加强监测并协同管控本地关键VOCs物种。     

长江下游典型滨海地区农业土壤重金属污染特征

为揭示长江下游滨海地区农业土壤重金属污染状况,以滨江临海的南通市为例,网格化布点,采集表层农业土壤样品共计334个,对其重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Hg含量进行了测定分析.结果表明,研究区域表层农业土壤中各重金属含量均已超过其背景值,且以Pb污染最为严重;区域性差异较大,以滨海的如东、海门、启东污染最为严重,且以海门、启东As含量最高;各重金属间相关性不显著,来源途径不止一种.从而提出南通市农业土壤重金属污染的防治应立足于防重于治的方针,着重滨海地区,以Pb、As污染源为主,并对污染土壤进行修复.     

Numerical Study of Hydrodynamic and Solute Transport with Discontinuous Flows in Coastal Water

This paper aimed to develop a depth-averaged explicit model for flow and pollutant transport in coastal waters based on the shallow water equations and the mass advection-diffusion equation. The proposed model was discretized using the finite volume method (FVM) with triangular cells. Then, it applied Roe’s approximate Riemann solution to compute the water momentum flux on the grid interfaces. This model enabled the higher accuracy in capturing the dry-wet moving fronts (discontinuous problems for flow and solute). The high-resolution scheme was evaluated to solve the advection and diffusion terms for mass transport. The model was verified by comparing the predictions of analytical solutions, laboratory tests, and other simulations for Gironde estuary with good computational accuracy. The developed model was also used to calculate the circulation and the motion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) pollutants from the sewage outfalls in the Zhuanghe coastal water with dry and wet moving boundaries. The research results showed that the residual current directions of spring and neap tides were basically the same in the Zhuanghe coastal water. However, the tide residual current of spring tide was slightly greater than that of the neap tide. In addition, there were tide residual currents from the northeast to the southwest in nearshore water and from the southwest to the northeast outside the banks, respectively. The tidal flows in the alongshore direction were strong, resulting in highly spread concentration distributions. In particular, the COD concentration reached some parts of the southern water. It could be seen that the excessive pollutant discharge from the sewage outfalls located at Zhuanghe district would cause serious pollution in aquaculture water near Shicheng island.     

Assessing the Vulnerability of a Deltaic Environment due to Climate Change Impact on Surface and Coastal Waters: The Case of Nestos River (Greece)

Environmental Modeling & Assessment - In deltaic areas, riverine and coastal waters interact; hence, these highly dynamic environments are particularly sensitive to climate change. This adds to...     

公路隧道内运动汽车尾气污染扩散数值仿真研究

利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,结合标准k-ε湍流模型、Mixture混合多相流模型和动网格技术,数值仿真了公路隧道内运动汽车的尾气污染扩散,结果与实验测量值吻合较好。表明,在没有其他通风方式的公路隧道内,运动汽车排出的污染物主要分布在近地面;运动汽车后方会形成1条高速风带,对隧道内污染物纵向扩散具有关键作用。