ADOPT护理模式对结肠造口病人护理知识和适应水平的影响

[目的]探讨ADOPT护理模式对直肠癌术后永久性结肠造口病人造口护理知识和造口适应水平的影响。[方法]将2014年8月—2015年3月行永久性直肠造口术病人66例随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组术后实施常规护理,观察组术后在常规护理基础上实施ADOPT护理模式。出院后均进行电话访问和家庭访问。于术后第1天、出院时和出院后3个月评估两组病人造口护理知识和造口适应水平。[结果]出院时和出院3个月后观察组造口护理知识得分和适应水平得分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]ADOPT模式能显著提高永久性结肠造口病人造口护理知识水平,缓解造口病人负性情绪,提高病人生理、心理和社会适应水平,促进病人身心康复。     

ADOPT护理模式对永久性结肠造口患者的影响

目的探讨ADOPT(Attitude,Definition,Open mind,Planning,Try it out,ADOPT)护理模式对永久性结肠造口患者自我效能和社会心理适应性的影响。方法选取2017年2月~2017年5月来本院行直结肠癌永久性结肠造口患者60例作为研究对象,采用数字随机分组法分为实验组和对照组2组,各30例,对照组患者采用常规护理模式,实验组患者在对照组患者基础上采用ADOPT护理模式。干预3个月后,采用造口患者社会心理适应量表(Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-20 OAI-20)和造口相关自我效能问卷对2组患者进行评价,观察并比较2组患者自我效能和社会心理适应性的变化情况。结果干预前2组患者OAI-20评分和造口相关自我效能评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),经过干预后实验组患者社会心理适应评分总分(70.6±7.0)分高于对照组(54.1±6.5)分(P0.05),实验组患者自我效能评分总分(98.6±21.7)分高于对照组(88.6±21.0)分(P0.05)。结论 ADOPT护理模式能有效提高永久性结肠造口患者自我效能水平,改善患者负性情绪,增加患者战胜疾病信心,提高患者社会心理适应性,值得在临床推广使用。     

ADOPT模式干预对肠造口患者出院过渡期自我护理能力的影响

目的观察ADOPT模式对肠造口患者出院过渡期自我护理的干预作用。方法将50例结肠造口患者随机分为观察组和对照组各25例。观察组采用ADOPT模式,对照组采用传统健康教育方法。比较出院2个月后两组患者自我护理能力和对肠造口知识的掌握程度,并评价两组并发症发生情况。结果观察组自我护理能力量表得分及肠造口知识掌握评分明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率12%,对照组并发症发生率36%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论运用ADOPT模式较传统健康教育方法更能提高肠造口患者自我护理能力及肠造口知识的掌握程度,有效减少术后并发症的发生。     

态度-定义-开放思维-计划-试验护理模式在直肠癌术后永久性结肠造口患者中的应用

目的:探讨态度-定义-开放思维-计划-试验护理模式(5项护理模式)在直肠癌术后永久性结肠造口患者中的应用方法及效果。方法:将84例直肠癌术后永久性结肠造口患者随机分为对照组和研究组各42例,对照组给予直肠癌术后常规护理,研究组在此基础上采取态度-定义-开放思维-计划-试验护理模式,比较两组护理效果。结果:两组出院时、出院后1个月适应量表评分高于术后第1天(P0.05),研究组适应量表评分高于对照组(P0.05)。两组出院时、出院后1个月造口护理知识评分高于术后第1天(P0.05),研究组造口护理知识评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:态度-定义-开放思维-计划-试验护理模式可有效提高直肠癌术后永久性结肠造口患者对造口护理的认知水平,改善患者心理状态和生理功能,提升其造口适应及社会交往水平。     

基于自我管理模式的护理干预对肠造口患者适应水平的影响

目的探讨基于自我管理模式构建的肠造口患者自我管理干预对肠造口患者适应水平的影响。方法采用便利抽样的方法选取某三级医院62例肠造口患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为干预组(n=32)和对照组(n=30)。对照组按肠造口护理常规进行护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上,给予自我管理干预。应用中文版造口适应量表分别于患者造口开放日、出院后1、3个月时对两组患者进行测评,比较两组患者的差异。结果两组患者不同时间点的自身OAS各维度得分及总分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);干预前,两组间患者各维度得分及总分比较,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后1个月干预组除生理功能维度外,其他两个维度评分及总分均高于对照组,干预3个月后干预组OAS各维度得分及总分均高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论自我管理模式可用于肠造口患者,可提高肠造口患者的适应水平。     

协同护理模式对结肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响

目的:探讨协同护理模式对结肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响。方法:将56例Miles术后结肠造口患者随机分为对照组和实验组各28例。对照组实施常规护理,实验组实施协同护理模式。出院时,调查两组患者造口护理知识掌握情况,采用自我护理能力测定量表(ESCA)对自我护理能力进行比较。结果:实验组干预后造口护理知识掌握情况及ESCA得分均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在临床结肠造口患者的护理中采用协同护理模式,可提高患者对造口护理知识的掌握及自我护理能力。     

基于微信平台的延续护理对永久性结肠造口患者的影响

目的:探讨基于微信平台的延续护理对永久性结肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响。方法:将36例直肠癌根治术患者随机分为对照组和实验组各18例,对照组给予胃肠外科制定的肠造口常规护理,实验组给予胃肠外科制定的肠造口常规护理及基于微信平台的延续护理,以造口自我护理量表-早期版(SSCS)评价两组患者出院当天、出院后1个月、出院后3个月的造口自我护理总分。结果:对照组造口患者造口自我护理的得分均低于实验组(P0.05)。结论:基于微信平台的延续护理服务能有效提高永久性肠造口患者自我护理能力,提高造口患者的生活质量。     

延续性自我管理教育在结肠造口患者中的应用

目的 探讨延续性自我管理教育在结肠造口患者中的应用.方法 选取结肠造口患者81例,按随机数字表法随机分为干预组(n=41)和对照组(n=40).两组均接受常规健康教育,干预组在此基础上接受自我管理教育,包括3阶段健康教育指导和造口护士主导的个体化教育.比较两组患者出院后结肠造口自我护理水平.结果 出院前干预组患者造口自我护理总分为(29.76 ±7.98)分,对照组为(24.58±7.99)分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.638,P＞0.05);出院后1个月干预组自我护理总分为(37.73±4.34)分,对照组(31.96±7.09)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.399,P＜0.05);出院后3个月干预组自我护理总分为(39.78±6.48)分,对照组为(35.96±7.39)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t =2.658,P＜0.01).结论 延续性自我管理教育是提高结肠造口患者疾病知识水平和自我护理能力的有效措施,为结肠造口患者出院后延续性护理的有效途径.     

ADOPT护理模式对提高老年结肠癌造口患者生活质量及造口适应性效果分析

目的 分在老年结肠癌造口患者护理中应用ADOPT护理模式的效果.方法 2020年8月至2022年8月在我院治疗的102例老年结肠癌造口患者,按照随机分组原则分为对照组和观察组,每组各51例.对照组开展常规护理,观察组开展ADOPT护理.比较两组的生活质量、造口适应性及并发症.结果 观察组的生活质量量表(QLQ-C30)评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05).术后1d、出院时、出院3个月时,观察组的造口适应量表(OAS)评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05).随访3个月,经统计观察组的造口并发症率明显低于对照组(     

电话干预对结肠造口患者自我护理的影响

目的探讨电话干预对结肠造口患者造口自我护理能力的影响。方法将7家3级甲等医院的119例即将出院的造口患者按照随机数字表法分为干预组(n=59)和对照组(n=60)。干预组接受出院后常规健康教育的同时,还接受由造口护士主导的个体化的教育和支持性的电话干预,对照组只接受出院后常规健康教育。分别对两组在出院前,以及出院后1个月、3个月以1个条目的自评造口自理状态和造口自我护理量表-早期版(SSCS-early stage version)进行测试。结果出院后1个月两组自评造口自理状态的差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.568,P0.05),出院后3个月干预组自理状态明显好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.300,P0.05);出院后1个月(t=2.431,P0.05)和3个月(t=2.666,P0.01)干预组患者造口自我护理总分明显高于对照组。结论造口护士早期进行电话干预是提高结肠造口患者造口自我护理能力的有效措施,但是在电话干预的实施过程中应考虑到中国的文化特点。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。