高抗气蚀离心泵内流场数值模拟研究（英文）

本文以同一工况下具有相同进出口尺寸的离心泵模型为对象,基于数值模拟的方法研究了子午面轮廓和长短叶片对离心泵的气蚀性能和水力性能影响。遵循抗空化设计准则提出有别于普通离心泵的三种高抗气蚀离心泵,其一具有驼峰型过水断面曲线,最大值在叶片前缘处以降低前缘冲击损失,减少空化影响。其二采用诱导轮叶轮一体化设计,安置分流叶片,长叶片在进口处螺旋形前伸,提前做功,使低压点前移。其三结合以上两种设计手段综合提高抗气蚀性能。采用多相流CFD模型预测三种模型泵在设计工况下的气蚀性能叶片载荷与气液两相分布间,并在无量纲空化数下分析了其气蚀性能。结果显示进口延长的螺旋形长叶片形成了类似诱导轮的效果,降低了整个叶轮对空化影响的敏感性。另一方面,单纯地扩展子午面流道虽然可以显著提高扬程与空化性能,但是却对整体效率产生了不利影响。     

等螺距诱导轮内部流动的数值模拟

基于雷诺时均N-S方程和S-A湍流模型对等螺距诱导轮内部的流动进行三维紊流数值计算和分析,获得诱导轮流道内的速度场、压力场的分布规律。发现诱导轮最易发生汽蚀破坏的位置在叶片吸力面进口前缘的外缘处,相对速度的大小从轮毂到轮缘大致上是沿径向增加的,从轮毂到半径的中部相对速度的增加的幅度大于从半径中间到轮缘的增长幅度;静压从诱导轮进口到叶片尾部是增加的,但从叶片尾部到诱导轮的出口的部分区域静压会减少。并针对有和无诱导轮两种情况,对高速离心泵进行试验研究,通过试验验证了具有前置诱导轮的离心泵可以改善泵的汽蚀性能。所提出的诱导轮模拟方法对高速诱导轮离心泵的进一步研制和优化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

诱导轮叶片开缝对高速离心泵空化性能的影响

为研究诱导轮叶片表面开缝对高速离心泵空化性能的影响规律,设计叶片开缝系数k为0(叶片未开缝)、6.7%、13.3%、20%和26.7%五种叶片开缝方案。基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和Reyleigh-plesset空化模型对高速离心泵进行全流道三维数值模拟,对比分析了诱导轮截面内流线和压力分布规律、诱导轮内空泡发展过程及离心泵的空化特性曲线。研究结果表明诱导轮叶片入口轮缘处开缝可减小亦或是消除该区域的低压区,且对离心泵的水力性能的影响较小;缝隙可抑制并减小初生空化阶段空泡体积分布;开缝系数k对高速离心泵空化性能的影响存在最优值,该研究中开缝系数k=13.3%时,诱导轮的空化性能表现最优。     

提高离心泵性能的试验研究

为了保证高速离心泵能获得连续下降的稳定的扬程流量特性线,在结构方面采取了在诱导轮前缘加孔板、离心轮前加孔板或者同时在诱导轮进口前缘、离心轮进口前安装孔板的措施.经试验证明:该措施可有效地减弱回流及其造成的水力损失,从而使高速离心泵取得了很稳定的扬程流量特性线.该研究对低比转速高速诱导轮离心泵的设计具有重要的指导意义.     

诱导轮-离心轮高速泵组的试验研究

高速泵必须具有高的汽蚀比转速,采用诱导轮-离心轮泵组是获得高抗汽蚀能力的最有效易行的途径。解决好诱导轮与离心轮的合理匹配,是获得高抗汽蚀能力的关键。本文通过试验研究,获得了合理匹配的诱导轮-离心轮高速泵组,不但大幅提高了泵的抗汽蚀能力,也改善了泵的Q-H特性曲线在小流量区的斜率,泵的效率也有提高。     

诱导轮内流场数值计算及汽蚀特性分析

为得到诱导轮内部的速度场、压力场及湍流场的分布规律,在基于SIMPLEC算法上,采用了雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程(简称N-S方程)控制方程和修正了的k-ε湍流模型,对两种结构参数的双叶片诱导轮进行了内部三维不可压湍流流动数值计算。计算结果表明诱导轮最容易发生汽蚀破坏的位置在进口外缘处,计算结果还表明增加诱导轮叶片轴向距离及导程有利于提高诱导轮的汽蚀特性。同时进行了不带诱导轮和带两种结构参数诱导轮的离心泵的外特性试验,试验结果表明离心泵在没有诱导轮的情况下较易发生汽蚀,而增加诱导轮能够明显改善离心泵的汽蚀性能,诱导轮的导程、叶片轴向长度、及其叶尖包角几何参数值等几何参数对汽蚀性能有较大影响。结合流场数值计算结果和试验研究结果,证实了通过增加轴向距离和导程等合理改变结构参数可提高诱导轮的汽蚀性能。     

高速泵诱导轮的设计分析

ＧＬ１Ｂ型高速泵采用诱导轮取得了满意的效果，不仅降低了临界汽蚀余量，而且提高了机组效率，分析了这种高速诱导轮的结构和性能设计特点。     

高速泵诱导轮的设计分析

通过分析诱导轮设计的理论基础，建立了比较完善的诱导设计方法，给出了主要参数的计算公式，按此方法设计的两台高速泵诱导轮汽蚀性能很好。     

高抗汽蚀性能泵的设计和试验研究

本高抗汽蚀性能泵的NPSH_r=0.54～1.41 m,首级叶轮前装有一个3叶片的变螺距诱导轮。试验研究表明,在普通叶轮前加装诱导轮只能在有限程度上提高泵的抗汽蚀性能,只有诱导轮和主叶轮匹配设计,也就是考虑诱导轮出口流动与叶轮进口流动良好配合,设计的主叶轮才能更有效地提高泵的抗汽蚀能力。     

前置轴流叶轮对离心泵汽蚀性能的影响

随着离心泵向高转速化发展,离心泵的汽蚀性能成为其稳定运行的重要因素。本研究在离心轮前安装一种特殊的轴流式叶轮以提高离心泵的抗汽蚀性能。轴流式叶轮的水力设计采用升力法,设计完成后用PUMPLINX软件对装有轴流式叶轮的离心泵进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明:装有轴流式叶轮的离心泵其性能参数符合设计要求,且临界汽蚀余量显著降低到安全范围内。最后对此泵做性能试验和汽蚀试验,试验后把试验结果与装有常规诱导轮的离心泵的试验结果进行对比,结果表明,在此次研究中,装有轴流式叶轮做诱导轮的离心泵其性能与汽蚀特性均符合设计要求,并且很好地改善了装有常规诱导轮的离心泵此前在结构上的问题。     

超低比转速高速离心泵的理论研究及工程实现

阐述了超低比转速高速离心泵以稳定性和效率为主线的设计理论,提出变螺距诱导轮和具有长、中、短叶片相间的复合叶轮相结合使用的结构形式,很好地解决了小流量工作不稳定性、效率低和气蚀性能差等关键难题.试验研究和工程实际应用表明提出的理论方法是合理可行的.     

带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮内部流场的PIV测量与数值模拟

用PIV技术和工程上广泛应用的k-ε标准两方程模型,对不同工况带分流叶片的离心式水泵叶轮内部流场进行了测量和计算模拟。通过试验测试和模拟计算,获得了不同工况下叶轮内的流速分布规律,揭示了叶轮内流动的非对称性、长叶片吸力面进口附近有回流、各种工况下分流叶片前缘入口稍后吸力侧均存在一个高流速区、分流叶片改善出口速度分布、随着流量增加叶轮内相对速度的大小增大明显等对带分流叶片离心泵性能有直接影响的多种流动现象。     

An experimental study on the cavitation vibration characteristics of a centrifugal pump at normal flow rate

Cavitation is a challenging flow abnormality that leads to undesirable effects on the energy performance of the centrifugal pump and the reliable operation of the pump system. The onset and mechanism of a phenomenon that results in unsteady cavitation must be realised to ensure a reliable operation of pumps under the cavitation state. This study focuses on cavitation instability at normal flow rate, at which point the unsteady cavitation occurs as the available net positive suction head (NPSHa) falls below 5.61 m for the researched pump. An ameliorative algorithm–united algorithm for cavitation vibration analysis is proposed on the basis of short time Fourier transform (STFT) and Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD). The STFT–WVD method is then tested using vibration data measured from the centrifugal pump. The relationship between vibration and suction performance indicates that the inception and development of cavitation can be effectively detected by the distribution and intensity of the united algorithm at the testing points. Intermediate frequency components at approximately 6 kHz fluctuate initially with the development of cavitation. A time–frequency characteristic is found to be conducive to monitoring the cavitation performance of centrifugal pumps.     

Experimental study on hydrodynamic performance of a cavitating centrifugal pump during transient operation

An experimental study has been carried out in order to analyze the cavitation of a centrifugal pump and its effect on transient hydrodynamic performance during transient operation. The transient characteristics of the centrifugal pump were tested under various suction pressure and starting conditions. In transient operation of continuous starting and stopping process, instantaneous rotational speed, head, flow rate and suction pressure of the pump were measured. The effect of cavitation on transient performance of the centrifugal pump during transient operation was analyzed, and then the effects of starting acceleration rate and suction pressure of pump on cavitation were presented. Results showed that the cavitation would be delayed during rapid starting period. However, in the condition of low suction pressure and high rotational speed, pump cavitation is inescapable even if the starting period is less than a second. After the serious transient cavitation occurred, the transient performance of centrifugal pump would decline obviously, and the instantaneous head of pump would fluctuate.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HIGH-SPEED CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS WITH DIFFERENT IMPELLERS

The experimental study is carried out on high-speed centrifugal pumps with three different impellers. The experimental results and analysis show that high-speed centrifugal pumps with a closed complex impeller can achieve thehighest efficiency and the lowest head coefficient followed by those with half-open impeller and open-impeller, and canobtain much easily stable head-capacity characrastic curve, while those with a half-open complex impeller can't. Thecharacteristic curve with a open impeller is almost constant horizontal line before dropping sharply. The results also showthat the axial clearance between pump casing and impeller can influence greatly on the performance of centrifugal pumps.     

小流量高扬程易汽化介质高速泵的研制与应用

阐述了适合于输送易汽化介质的小流量高扬程高速离心泵的研制方案和结构设计特点,采用以效率为目标函数的优化水力设计方法,并采用开式叶轮或复合叶轮及双密封结构,保证了泵机组具有优越的性能指标和密封可靠性。     

Effects of Blade Number on Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps

The blade number of impeller is an important design parameter of pumps,which affects the characteristics of pump heavily.At present,the investigation focuses mostly on the performance characteristics of axis flow pumps,the influence of blade number on inner flow filed and characteristics of centrifugal pump has not been understood completely.Therefore,the methods of numerical simulation and experimental verification are used to investigate the effects of blade number on flow field and characteristics of a centrifugal pump.The model pump has a design specific speed of 92.7 and an impeller with 5 blades.The blade number is varied to 4,6,7 with the casing and other geometric parameters keep constant.The inner flow fields and characteristics of the centrifugal pumps with different blade number are simulated and predicted in non-cavitation and cavitation conditions by using commercial code FLUENT.The impellers with different blade number are made by using rapid prototyping,and their characteristics are tested in an open loop.The comparison between prediction values and experimental results indicates that the prediction results are satisfied.The maximum discrepancy of prediction results for head,efficiency and required net positive suction head are 4.83%,3.9% and 0.36 m,respectively.The flow analysis displays that blade number change has an important effect on the area of low pressure region behind the blade inlet and jet-wake structure in impellers.With the increase of blade number,the head of the model pumps increases too,the variable regulation of efficiency and cavitation characteristics are complicated,but there are optimum values of blade number for each one.The research results are helpful for hydraulic design of centrifugal pump.     

Experimental study of cavitation phenomenon in a centrifugal blood pump induced by the failure of inlet cannula

Cavitation of centrifugal blood pump is a serious problem accompany with the blocking failure of short inlet cannula. However, hardly any work has been seen in published literature on this complex cavitation phenomenon caused by the coupling effect of inlet cannula blocking and pumps suction. Even for cavitation studies on ordinary centrifugal pumps, similar researches on this issue are rare. In this paper, the roles of throttling, rotation speed and fluid viscosity on bubble inception and intensity in a centrifugal blood pump are studied, on the basis of experimental observations. An adjustable throttle valve installed just upstream blood pump inlet is used to simulate the throttling effect of the narrowed inlet cannula. The rotation speed is adjusted from 2 600 r/rain to 3 200 r/min. Glycerin water solutions are used to investigate the influences of kinetic viscosity. Bubbles are recorded with a high-speed video camera. Direct observation shows that different from cavitation in industrial centrifugal pumps, gas nuclei appears at the nearby of vane leading edges while throttling is light, then moves upstream to the joint position of inlet pipe and pump with the closing of the valve. It＇s found that the critical inlet pressure, obtained when bubbles are first observed, decreases linearly with viscosity and the slope is independent with rotation speeds; the critical inlet pressure and the inlet extreme pressure which is obtained when the throttle valve is nearly closed, fall linearly with rotation speed respectively and the relative pressure between them is independent with rotation speed and fluid viscosity. This paper studies experimentally on cavitation in centrifugal blood pump that caused by the failure of assembled short inlet cannula, which mav beneficial the desima of centrifugal blood Dumo with inlet cannula.     

离心泵汽蚀与最大允许安装高度的确定

离心泵吸入高度过高是造成汽蚀的关键因素。文中简要叙述离心泵内产生汽蚀的原因,着重说明离心泵最大允许安装高度的计算方法,并指出了减轻和预防离心泵汽蚀的措施,可给工程技术人员提供一定帮助。     

Numerical simulation and analysis of solid-liquid two-phase flow in centrifugal pump

The flow with solid-liquid two-phase media inside centrifugal pumps is very complicated and the relevant method for the hydraulic design is still immature so far.There exist two main problems in the operation of the two-phase flow pumps,i.e.,low overall efficiency and severe abrasion.In this study,the three-dimensional,steady,incompressible,and turbulent solid-liquid two-phase flows in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump are numerically simulated and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code based on the mixture model of the two-phase flow and the RNG k-two-equation turbulence model,in which the influences of rotation and curvature are fully taken into account.The coupling between impeller and volute is implemented by means of the frozen rotor method.The simulation results predicted indicate that the solid phase properties in two-phase flow,especially the concentration,the particle diameter and the density,have strong effects on the hydraulic performance of the pump.Both the pump head and the efficiency are reduced with increasing particle diameter or concentration.However,the effect of particle density on the performance is relatively minor.An obvious jet-wake flow structure is presented near the volute tongue and becomes more remarkable with increasing solid phase concentration.The suction side of the blade is subject to much more severe abrasion than the pressure side.The obtained results preliminarily reveal the characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump,and are helpful for improvement and empirical correction in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.