低温下鲜切莲藕菌相分析及货架期评价

采用不同选择性培养基分析真空包装鲜切莲藕的菌相组成,并采用菌落形态、显微形态观察及生理生化方法予以鉴定;建立Gompertz模型揭示莲藕主要腐败微生物在4℃恒温贮藏过程中的变化规律;基于感官分析,确定低温条件下鲜切莲藕货架期的微生物限量。结果发现,真空包装鲜切莲藕中主要菌相为乳酸菌属、肠杆菌科、假单胞菌属、酵母菌属,实验鉴定出乳酸菌属、肠杆菌科、假单胞菌属、酵母菌属各2株;经菌落形态、显微形态观察及生理生化鉴定,均符合相关科属特性。整个贮藏过程中,乳酸菌、肠杆菌、假单胞菌和酵母菌的数量变化趋势基本一致,其中乳酸菌延滞期最短,假单胞菌最大比生长率最高,酵母菌数量优势相对较大。该莲藕产品的货架期为10d左右,所对应的微生物数量级约107CFU/g。     

不同贮藏温度下稻花鸡肉优势腐败菌变化及Arrhenius 货架期预测模型的建立

为获得稻花鸡肉腐败菌的Arrhenius货架期预测模型,采用培养基初步筛选与16S rDNA全基因序列鉴定优势腐败菌,研究不同贮藏温度（25、4、0℃）下优势腐败菌和菌落总数的生长变化,通过化学反应动力学方程构建菌落总数、假单胞菌和沙雷氏菌货架期预测模型并进行验证。结果表明,稻花鸡肉在贮藏过程中逐渐占主导地位的优势腐败菌是假单胞菌属莓实假单胞菌和肠杆菌科沙雷氏菌属液化沙雷氏菌。稻花鸡肉25℃常温贮藏下货架期不超过0.5 d,腐败中后期沙雷氏菌占主导地位,4℃冷藏保鲜货架期不超过4 d,假单胞菌和沙雷氏菌均随贮藏时间的延长呈增长趋势,0℃冰温贮藏货架期不超过10 d,贮藏后期假单胞菌和沙雷氏菌差异性不显著。利用菌落总数、假单胞菌、沙雷氏菌3个指标建立货架期预测模型,3种货架期预测模型预测值与实测值对比,平均相对误差均在允许范围内,预测效果最佳的是假单胞菌货架期预测模型。菌落总数、假单胞菌和沙雷氏菌货架期预测模型均能对稻花鸡肉的货架期进行真实预测。     

冷却猪肉中腐败微生物鉴定及其消长规律的研究

目的对冷却猪肉中腐败微生物进行鉴定,研究其在0～4℃条件下贮藏时的消长规律。方法采用选择性培养基对冷却猪肉中的腐败微生物进行分离培养,利用Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统对菌株进行鉴定。结果共鉴定出11株具有代表性的细菌:肠杆菌4株,假单胞菌1株,热杀索丝菌1株,不动杆菌1株,乳酸菌2株,葡萄球菌2株。冷却猪肉中腐败微生物初始菌相结构为:热杀索丝菌54.9%,肠杆菌科8.7%,假单胞菌属3.6%,乳酸菌属29.5%,葡萄球菌/微球菌0.6%,霉菌/酵母菌2.7%。在0～4℃条件下贮藏时,热杀索丝菌、肠杆菌科和假单胞菌属是冷却猪肉中的优势腐败菌,假单胞菌属和肠杆菌科在菌相结构中的比例增长最高,特别是假单胞菌属的数量增长最快。结论鉴定出了冷却猪肉中的主要腐败微生物,确定了其初始菌相和优势腐败菌。     

贮藏温度对冷鲜羊肉微生物菌群生长变化的影响

本实验以传统微生物的检测方法结合16S r DNA V6~V8可变区聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳指纹图谱技术(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)研究在10、4℃及冰温贮藏条件下,冷鲜羊肉菌相的动态变化及其货架期。经微生物计数及DGGE图谱分析,10℃贮藏条件下,6 d已达到腐败临界值,其优势腐败菌为肠杆菌属、乳酸菌属等;4℃条件下,货架期为27 d,优势腐败菌有假单胞菌属、弧菌属、嗜冷菌属、不动杆菌等;冰温贮藏,其货架期为39 d,其中假单胞菌属、嗜冷菌、不动杆菌、清酒乳杆菌等成为优势腐败菌。结果表明:冰温可有效延长冷鲜羊肉的货架期。     

气调包装的调理啤酒鲈鱼片在微冻贮藏过程中的微生物群落多样性分析

为揭示调理啤酒鲈鱼片气调包装和微冻贮藏过程中的微生物变化规律及其腐败本质,为优化产品工艺和推广产品提供理论依据,采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术解析调理啤酒鲈鱼制品气调包装和－3?℃贮藏过程中微生物群落多样性,并比较其与真空包装4?℃贮藏鲈鱼片的微生物群落多样性的区别。结果表明：鲈鱼制品在贮藏过程中的优势微生物为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）;真空包装的未调味鲈鱼片在4?℃贮藏过程中微生物多样性比在－3?℃贮藏的气调包装调理啤酒鲈鱼丰富,且在贮藏第4天时,开始出现了索丝菌属（Brochothrix）等常见的腐败微生物,到第10天时,索丝菌属、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）丰度迅速增大,出现了希瓦氏菌属（Shewanella）,造成鲈鱼片彻底腐败变质;气调包装的调理啤酒鲈鱼片在第20天时才开始出现假单胞菌属和希瓦氏菌属等腐败菌,之后在CO2的抑制作用下,腐败菌丰度逐渐减小,直到货架期终点时,假单胞菌才迅速增长,且出现了嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacte）,造成了鲈鱼制品的彻底腐败变质。这说明气调包装联合啤酒调理的加工方式及－3 ℃贮藏可以有效延长产品的货架期。     

冷鲜鸡胸肉主要腐败菌的分离及低温贮藏对货架期的影响

冷鲜鸡肉的货架期与其腐败菌的种类和数量密切相关。采用选择性培养基对冷鲜鸡胸肉中的主要腐败菌进行了分离,并对其低温条件下的货架期进行了研究。结果表明,假单胞菌、热死环丝菌、肠杆菌和乳酸菌是冷鲜鸡胸肉中的主要腐败菌;在低温贮藏过程中,前两种菌的数量呈明显上升趋势,并成为优势菌群。在2、4、8和10℃贮藏条件下,冷鲜鸡胸肉的货架期分别为14、10、5和3 d。     

鲜切水芹贮藏期间微生物生长模型及货架期预测

利用选择性培养基进行鲜切水芹贮藏期菌相分析,发现假单胞菌属是其贮藏期优势菌。保鲜袋挽口包装的鲜切水芹在22 ℃贮藏8 d,假单胞菌数量即达到106 CFU/g,低温贮藏有助于抑制假单胞菌的生长繁殖。修正的Gompertz模型能有效地拟合出4 ℃和22 ℃条件下假单胞菌属细菌的动态变化,偏差度和准确度分析表明所建立的模型是有效的。鲜切水芹于低温贮藏3 d后置于常温（22 ± 1） ℃贮藏时,叶绿素和木质素动态变化符合一级模型,在实际应用中,可根据腐败菌的生长速率来预测鲜切水芹的货架期。     

真空包装盐水鹅贮藏期菌群多样性动态分析

为揭示真空包装盐水鹅在4,25℃和30℃贮藏温度下的微生物菌群变化及优势腐败菌,采用平板计数法和PCR-DGGE(聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳)技术对各温度下不同贮藏期样品菌落总数和菌相变化进行分析,并对主要条带进行割胶测序及同源性比对。结果表明:菌落总数在贮藏期逐渐上升,贮藏后期菌落总数呈下降趋势;产品贮藏期间的优势腐败菌主要为耐受极端环境的芽孢杆菌和类芽孢杆菌、组织菌属和假单胞菌属。30℃条件下主要优势腐败菌为提歇尔氏菌属、泛酸枝芽孢杆菌和幼虫芽孢杆菌,25℃条件下主要优势腐败菌为短芽孢杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、提歇尔氏菌属、类芽孢杆菌属和地衣芽孢杆菌,4℃条件下主要优势腐败菌为类芽孢杆菌属和铜绿假单胞菌,它们可导致产品肉质变软、发黏、变色并产生异味。     

低温贮藏对冷鲜鸡腐败菌菌群变化的影响

利用传统平板培养和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱相结合的方法,对冷鲜鸡低温贮藏期间的腐败菌菌群变化进行了分析。传统培养结果显示,冷鲜鸡的初始菌群主要为肠道菌、乳酸菌和葡萄球菌;4℃贮藏条件时微生物生长速度高于0℃和-1.5℃;贮藏6 d后,4℃贮藏样品的优势菌群为假单胞菌,0℃和-1.5℃贮藏下样品的优势菌群为葡萄球菌。通过变性梯度凝胶电泳法直接对冷鲜鸡中的菌群变化进行了分析,发现不动杆菌、伯克霍尔德氏菌、假单胞菌、肠杆菌,腐生葡萄球菌及乳球菌是样品中的主要污染菌;4℃贮藏时,假单胞菌条带逐渐变亮,0℃和-1.5℃条件下菌群的条带亮度变化不明显。本研究发现贮藏温度对样品中菌群多样性的变化影响较大,冰点温度下贮藏更利于冷鲜鸡中嗜冷菌的控制和产品的保鲜。     

海水鱼优势腐败菌腐败能力分析

研究大黄鱼和大菱鲆无菌鱼块接种优势腐败菌后5℃贮藏中的感官、腐败产物和腐败菌的变化,以生长动力学参数和腐败产物的产量因子(YTVBN/CFU和YTMA/CFU)为指标,探讨两种冷藏海水鱼优势腐败菌希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌的腐败能力。结果表明,大菱鲆鱼块接种腐败希瓦氏菌和恶臭假单胞菌的货架期分别为60,72h,货架期终点时的TVBN含量分别为35.48,37.56mg/100g,腐败菌菌数分别为8.14,8.32lg(CFU/g),产量因子YTVBN/CFU分别为1.86×10-7,1.35×10-7 mg TVBN/CFU。大黄鱼鱼块接种腐败希瓦氏菌和荧光假单胞菌的货架期分别为162,174h,货架期终点时的TVBN含量分别为31.74,39.01mg/100g,腐败菌菌数分别为8.71,8.91lg(CFU/g),产量因子YTVBN/CFU分别为4.49×10-8,3.72×10-8 mg TVBN/CFU。大黄鱼鱼块的货架期比大菱鲆的明显长,接种假单胞菌的两种鱼块的货架期比接种希瓦氏菌的稍长。两种海水鱼低温有氧贮藏优势腐败菌希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌都有很强的腐败能力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.