处理微污染水的改性无烟煤制备工艺

目的通过改性增强天然无烟煤的吸附能力,提高对氨氮和有机物的去除效果,确定改性无烟煤的最佳制备工艺条件．方法选择加热改性、浸泡改性两种改性方法,分别采用NaCl、AlCl3和FeCl3、HDTMA和CPB等对天然无烟煤进行改性,通过静态吸附实验,对比几种改性无烟煤和天然无烟煤对氨氮和有机物的去除效果．结果在加热改性方法中,NaCl改性无烟煤对氨氮的去除效果最佳,去除率为80．95％;AlCl3改性无烟煤对有机物去除效果最佳,去除率为20．85％;在浸泡改性方法中,NaCl改性无烟煤对氨氮和有机物的去除效果均最佳,去除率分别为78．89％、20．59％．通过正交实验确定的加热改性无烟煤最佳制备条件为加热时间60min;氯化钠浓度2．0mol／L;固液比1：1．结论NaCl改性无烟煤对氨氮和有机物的去除效果均远远优于天然无烟煤．     

Biosorption of methylene blue by chemically modified cellulose waste

Citric acid modifi ed cellulose waste（CMCW） was prepared via esterifi cation and used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue（MB） from aqueous solutions. The effects of biosorbent concentration, initial pH of MB solution, biosorption temperature, contact time, and initial MB concentration on the biosorption of MB were investigated using batch biosorption technique under static conditions. The experimental results showed that CMCW exhibited excellent biosorption characteristics for MB. The maximum biosorption capacity of MB was up to 214.5 mg/g at an adsorption temperature of 293 K. The removal rate of MB onto CMCW reached the maximum at pH〉4 and the biosorption reached an equilibrium at about 50 min. The kinetic data can be described well with the pseudo-second-order model and the isotherm data was found to fi t the Langmuir isotherm with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 211.42 mg/g. The biosorption appears to be controlled by chemisorption and may be involved in surface adsorption and pore diffusion during the whole biosorption process.     

粉煤灰合成沸石与表征及其对Pb^2＋的吸附性能

以粉煤灰为原料,采用碱煅烧—水热合成法制备了沸石,同时将其用于吸附含pb2+的模拟废水,实验数据采用数学方法拟合了其对pb2+的吸附等温线.结果表明:用3.0 mol/LNaOH,液固比为5.0 mL/g,在550℃条件下煅烧,80℃的温度下晶化2.0h,合成沸石的CEC可达211 mmol/100g.NaOH的浓度对产品的CEC值影响最大,500～700℃是较佳的煅烧温度,晶化时间由2h延至6h,合成沸石的CEC值由78 mmol/100g提高到198 mmol/100 g,6h后CEC值趋于平稳.Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述其对Pb2+的吸附行为.     

氯化钠改性沸石对饮用水中低浓度氨氮的吸附性能分析

通过静态实验,研究改性沸石对饮用水中含低浓度氨氮（0．8～1．0mg／L）的吸附性能,考察沸石投加量、原水pH值、搅拌时间对氨氮去除效果的影响,同时也对改性沸石吸附动力学进行了研究．结果表明：氯化钠改性增加了沸石的活性,与天然沸石相比,改性沸石去除氨氮的效果提高了40％左右;通过XRD表征可知,天然沸石经无机盐改性后,吸附氨氮的活性组分明显增多;动力学研究表明,沸石去除水中的氨氮是快速吸附和缓慢吸附两种行为共同作用的结果,该过程符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温式,动力学方程可用二阶反应来描述．     

粉煤灰合成沸石对亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学和动力学研究

为了扩大粉煤灰的再利用领域,本文采用水热合成法制备了沸石;同时以其作为吸附材料,用于吸附染料亚甲基蓝的研究,考察了溶液初始p H值、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响,并进一步拟合吸附动力学和吸附等温线,初步分析了吸附机理。结果表明：粉煤灰合成的沸石对亚甲基蓝具有较好的吸附能力;p H值是影响吸附效果的一个重要参数;沸石对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程在90 min达到吸附平衡;沸石对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程符合二级反应动力学和Langmuir吸附等温方程,说明该吸附过程是以化学吸附为主且典型的单分子层吸附。     

沸石静态吸附性能试验研究

利用天然斜发沸石作为吸附剂,进行沸石静态吸附性能进行试验及分析.由试验结果可知,沸石对铵离子具有很强的选择性离子交换和吸附能力.在10min时,锥形瓶中氨氮的浓度为1.31mg/L,沸石对氨氮的去除率为73.8%;在20min时,锥形瓶中氨氮的浓度为0.96mg/L,沸石对氨氮的去除率为80.8%;在30min时,锥形瓶中氨氮的浓度为0.65mg/L,沸石对氨氮的去除率为87%;30min以后,沸石对氨氮的去除率增加不大.沸石和含氨氮的溶液发生吸附作用和离子交换作用之后,会造成其出水pH升高.沸石对微污染河水的CODMn的去除率为2.89%~3.78%,对微污染河水的UV254的去除率为5.41%~6.82%.     

Dye removal using some surface modi?ed silicate minerals简

The objective of this work is to study the efficiency of some surface modified phyllosilicate minerals (bentonite and glauconite) in the removal of dyes from textile waste water. It is found that complete dye removal was achieved by using 10–25 g modified glauconite from solutions having a dye concentration of 10–50 mg/L. Adsorption data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. Adsorption capacities and optimum adsorption isotherms were predicted by linear regression method. The analysis of experimental isotherms showed that Langmuir isotherm reasonably fit the experimental data in the studied concentration range for the adsorption of dye onto glauconite mineral surface where Freundlich isotherm fit the experimental data for the adsorption of dye onto bentonite mineral surface.     

沸石去除稀土冶炼废水中氨氮的实验研究

选用天然沸石,对稀土冶炼废水中氨氮的吸附性能进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,沸石对稀土冶炼废水中的氮氮具有一定去除效果,可用作处理稀土工业氨氮废水的材料.     

天然锰矿对水体中磷的去除研究

研究了天然锰矿对水体中磷的去除效果,考察了温度、光照、锰矿用量、溶液pH及共存离子对除磷效果的影响。结果表明,pH对磷的吸附影响很大。离子影响中,Ca2+、Mg2+、CO32-、HCO3-、SiO32-和SO24-的影响不大,而AsO43-和AsO3-却能明显抑制锰矿对磷的吸附。Freundlich等温吸附模型(r2=0.984 4)能很好的描述磷的吸附。动力学数据符合二级动力学模型(r2=0.999 9),最大吸附量为30.40μg/g。FTIR和SEM结果显示磷主要是通过与锰矿表面的羟基发生置换或生成内层络合物而被吸附。天然锰矿,具有较大的比表面积,强选择性,是一种很有前景的去除天然水体中磷的吸附剂。     

改性沸石处理含氨氮废水

研究了改性沸石对小区污水中氨氮的吸附效果及影响吸附的主要因素,以及吸附饱和沸石的铵解吸效果.实验结果表明:影响改性沸石除铵的主要因素是改性沸石层的装填高度、改性沸石粒径大小、原水水质、流速等.实验所得数据符合Langmuir吸附模式;在pH为5~8和吸附时间2 h时,沸石对NH4 的吸附量可达12.92 mg/g.沸石对NH4 具有很高的选择性和离子交换能力,能够用于处理生活小区高浓度氨氮污水.高浓度的NaHCO3溶液对铵吸附饱和改性沸石具有很好的解吸作用,在10个床层内可以使25%的吸咐态NH4 解吸.     

Improved analytic methods for coal surface area and pore size distribution determination using 77 K nitrogen adsorption experiment

77 K nitrogen adsorption was the most widely used technique for determining surface area and pore size distribution of coal. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) model are commonly used analytic methods for adsorption/desorption isotherm. A Chinese anthracite coal is tested in this study using an improved experimental method and adsorption isotherm analyzed by three adsorption mechanisms at different relative pressure stages. The result shows that the micropore filling adsorption predominates at the relative pressure stage from 6.8E−7 to 9E−3. Theoretically, BET and BJH model are not appropriate for analyzing coal samples which contain micropores. Two new analytic procedures for coal surface area and pore size distribution calculation are developed in this work. The results show that BET model underestimates surface area, and micropores smaller than 1.751 nm account for 35.5% of the total pore volume and 74.2% of the total surface area. The investigation of surface area and pore size distribution by incorporating the influence of micropore is significant for understanding adsorption mechanism of methane and carbon dioxide in coal.     

改性钢渣的制备及其吸附除磷性能

研究了改性钢渣吸附除磷影响因素、等温吸附线特征和吸附动力学,并对生物处理后的出水进行吸附除磷研究。结果表明：在初始磷浓度10 mg/L,投加量10 g/L、pH为7时,改性钢渣吸附后总磷浓度为0.687 mg/L,去除率达93%;改性钢渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir模型,理论饱和吸附量是1.977 mg/g,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型（R²>0.99）;实际生活污水的吸附除磷中,投加量为50 g/L,反应2 h后出水总磷浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标的排放要求。     

活性炭纤维间歇吸附系统表面扩散模型与孔扩散模型的比较

比较了活性炭纤维间歇系统当吸附等温方程为Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ型时表面扩散模型与孔扩散模型，获得了两模型扩散系数可相互转换的条件，分析了用间歇吸附实验研究溶质在活性炭纤维内扩散机理的可行性，同时给出当吸附等温方程为矩型时两模型的解析解。通过实验验证了部分结论。     

Construction of high-pressure adsorption isotherm: A tool for predicting coalbed methane recovery from Jharia coalfield,India

Adsorption isotherm relates the gas storage capacity as a function of pressure at constant temperature. In this paper, adsorption isotherm of two dry borehole samples was constructed in the laboratory using the manometric method. Isotherm was measured for two gases, i.e., CH_4 and CO_2 to pressure up to 8.4 MPa.Before the construction of sorption isotherm, coal was characterized by proximate, ultimate and petrographic analysis. Coalbed gas content of these two samples was found 2.29 m~3/t and 2.75 m~3/t. SEM images were obtained for the pore size distribution of coal using pore image analysis. Prediction of coalbed methane recovery from CH_4 adsorption isotherm showed that these coalbeds are under saturated. CO_2 isotherm was constructed to estimate enhanced coalbed methane(ECBM) recovery. Volume wise CO_2/CH_4 sorption ratio was found 2.09 times to 2.75 times respectively. This paper presents the interpretation of isotherm data to find the recovery factor of methane production from Jharia coalfield.     

Adsorption of acid fuchsin onto LTA-type zeolite derived from fly ash

A facile strategy without organic template was developed for the conversion of fly ash to LTA-type zeolite(LTA-Z),which could be used as a good adsorbent for the removal of acid fuchsin(AF).XRD results indicated that the pure crystalline product was obtained with the structure of LTA-type zeolite.SEM investigations showed that the well-defined LTA-Z crystals exhibited uniform size with the same cubic shape.The maximum AF adsorption amount was observed at pH=5,slightly lower than pHPZC of LTA-Z.Higher temperature favored AF adsorption onto LTA-Z and it was an endothermic process.Furthermore,AF adsorption amount increased with initial AF concentration increasing and LTA-Z dosage decreasing.Surface sorption governed this process at the initial 120 min period,followed by the internal diffusion of AF molecules between porous sites.The Langmuir model was determined as the adsorption isothermal,suggesting that the monolayer coverage of AF on LTA-Z surface was involved.     

酸-高温改性海泡石对单宁酸的吸附性能及其表面化学特性研究

以单宁酸为目标污染物,分析了溶液初始pH、吸附时间以及吸附剂投加量等因素对酸-高温改性海泡石吸附单宁酸的影响,并通过表面电荷、X射线衍射与红外光谱的测定分析,探讨了天然海泡石、酸-高温改性海泡石以及改性海泡石吸附单宁酸后的表面化学特性.结果表明,溶液初始pH=2增加到pH=10时,酸-高温改性海泡石对单宁酸的去除率由35.0%上升到74.8%,吸附量由7.0mg/g上升到15.0mg/g.随着吸附剂投加量的增加,单宁酸的去除率呈上升趋势.当吸附时间为6h时,去除率可达71.0%,吸附量为14.2mg/g,而后去除率与吸附量基本保持不变.海泡石与酸-高温改性海泡石电荷零点所对应的pHZPC分别为7.32±0.1和6.44±0.1,表明酸-高温改性增加了海泡石表面的酸度,形成了更多的表面吸附位;同时酸-高温改性提高了海泡石的纯度和吸附性能,改性海泡石吸附单宁酸后,其红外图谱显示在2 975、2 919和1 629cm-1处出现了吸收峰,表明改性海泡石对单宁酸有较好的吸附作用.     

酸性大红3R混凝气浮的吸附机理研究

混凝沉淀物对浮选剂的吸附机制研究,有助于提高混凝气浮的处理效率,采用热力学方法和红外光谱分析,研究了十二烷基硫酸钠在硫酸镁和酸性大红3R形成的混凝沉淀物上的吸附形式。实验结果表明十二烷基硫酸钠在混凝沉淀上的吸附等温线不符合常规吸附等温线类型,吸附热力学证明十二烷基硫酸钠在混凝沉淀物上的吸附是放热过程,吸附热为-11.09 kJ/mol,对比了混凝沉淀和十二烷基硫酸钠在混凝沉淀上的红外光谱图,十二烷基硫酸钠的特征吸收峰发生了移动,吸附热力学及红外光谱分析结果均说明十二烷基硫酸钠在混凝沉淀物上的吸附形式是以化学吸附为主。     

HDTMA改性沸石对水中铬酸盐的吸附

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (HDTMA)对Ca型沸石进行了改性。结果表明 ,最适合的改性温度为 3 0℃ ,改性剂HDTMA溶液质量分数为 1 .5%。又考察了 pH、改性沸石用量及振荡时间对HDTMA -沸石吸附去除水中铬酸盐效果的影响。测定了吸附等温线并探讨了吸附机理。结果表明 ,pH对吸附没有显著影响 ,随着改性沸石用量的增加、振荡时间的延长 ,铬酸盐的去除率升高。改性沸石对水中铬酸根离子的等温吸附曲线呈双“S”型。吸附机理为 :一是通过离子交换而吸附 ;二是通过在沸石表面形成HDTMA -阴离子络合物沉淀而吸附     

硫酸亚铁改性粉煤灰处理含磷废水

利用硫酸亚铁改性粉煤灰进行含磷废水的处理,探讨了pH值、粉煤灰投加量和吸附平衡时间对除磷效率的影响以及改性粉煤灰除磷的机理。实验结果表明,对于100mL含磷质量浓度为30.0 mg.L-1的溶液,改性粉煤灰除磷的最佳条件:pH 10,粉煤灰吸附容量1.0 mg.g-1,吸附平衡时间25 min;改性后的粉煤灰对磷的吸附符合Freundl-ich等温吸附公式。     

好氧颗粒污泥对汽车涂装废水中 有机污染物的吸附特性

为了更好地探究好氧颗粒污泥处理汽车涂装废水的机理,利用好氧颗粒污泥的降解特性得到最佳处理工艺和有机物去除效果,本试验采用动态吸附和静态吸附的方式分别研究了好氧颗粒污泥对汽车涂装废水中有机污染物的初期吸附特性、吸附类型及温度和pH对吸附能力的影响。研究结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥对汽车涂装废水中有机污染物具有一定的初期吸附现象,30 min内COD被快速去除,去除率达到66.62%,180 min后基本趋近于平稳,COD去除率为80.61%。在温度为35℃、pH为7.0时,吸附吸附量最大,且过程是一个以物理吸附、生物吸附、化学吸附三者共同作用的复杂过程。准二级动力学模型能较好地表征吸附机理。