南汇区开展社区卫生团队服务的做法与体会

根据上海市发展社区卫生服务主要工作内容和要求，南汇区也正逐步推进社区卫生服务工作。新场镇社区卫生服务中心率先开展社区卫生团队服务已近一年，笔者就新场镇开展社区卫生团队服务的具体绩效进行总结，希望能带动全区社区卫生服务，使农村的社区卫生服务工作走上一条可持续发展的道路。     

加强思想政治工作促进农村社区卫生服务

通过对农村社区卫生服务开展过程中部分职工存在的与改革形势不相适应的思想状况分析，认识到农村社区卫生服务开展中思想政治工作的重要性和必要性。思想政治工作者必须与时俱进，开拓创新，找准思想政治工作的切入点和突破口。为农村社区卫生服务工作的顺利开展服务。并积极探索卫生体制改革中思想政治工作的方法。     

农村社区卫生服务网络建设的指导思想与基本原则

宁阳县自开展农村社区卫生服务以来，县委、县政府始终把发展社区卫生服务作为农村卫生工作的重中之重，作为政府的一项重要职责，把解决群众看病难、看病贵问题和满足群众基本卫生需求作为社区卫生服务工作的出发点和落脚点，促进社区卫生服务全面、协调和可持续发展，形成了符合当地实际、功能合理、方便群众的社区卫生服务网络，社区卫生服务发展水平逐年稳步提高。     

浙江：确定以农村社区卫生服务为重点的初保工作思路

为推进农村初级卫生保健工作健康发展，浙江省卫生厅提出以社区卫生服务为重点的农村初保工作思路，主要内容包括：农村初级卫生保健服务机构的设置，以社区卫生服务机构为重点，一般一个乡镇可设置一个社区卫生服务中心，主要以原有的乡镇卫生院通过转变服务方式、调整服务功能进行改造。除社区卫生服务中心外，可下设社区卫生服务站(点)。     

稳步推进的吉林市农村社区卫生服务工作——记吉林市农村社区卫生服务规范化管理现场会

2008年10月20—23日，吉林市卫生局召开了吉林市农村社区卫生服务规范化管理现场会暨各县（市）、区卫生局主管局长、医政科长和全市乡镇卫生院院长培训班。吉林省卫生厅高度重视，有关领导参加了会议。会上全面总结和推广了吉林地区农村社区卫生服务工作规范，下发了《吉林市农村社区卫生服务工作指南》、观看了《农村社区卫生服务规范化管理专题片》，并组织全体人员观摩了永吉县西阳镇社区卫生服务中心和官马山、下达两个村社区卫生服务站。     

象山县疾病预防控制机构社区责任团队工作探讨

为加强对农村社区卫生服务的疾病预防控制工作指导，落实象山县农村公共卫生任务中疾病预防控制的相应工作，建立了以“责任团队服务模式”为基础的社区疾病预防控制工作框架，以切实推进县社区卫生工作的开展。现就这一模式探讨如下：     

社区卫生服务天地宽——佛山市顺德区伦教医院发展启示

2004年，卫生部蒋作君副部长到伦教医院视察社区卫生工作时说：“想不到农村基层的社区卫生工作做得这么好，农村社区卫生工作发展大有前景。”专家们认为：伦教社区卫生工作代表了我国未来20年农村卫生工作的发展方向。社区卫生工作应该怎么做？伦教医院的实践有一定的借鉴意义。当然，他们的发展历程有他们的实际情况，但普遍真理是：社区卫生服务必须办成老百姓家门口的医院。这也是伦教医院陈玉石院长的心声。     

疾病预防控制融入农村社区卫生服务的探索

为贯彻《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定》，落实浙江省卫生厅“2003年全省卫生工作要点”提出的“组织开展10个全面提供六位一体服务内容的社区卫生服务示范点建设工作”，浙江省丽水市莲都区于2003年9月起。在农村社区卫生服务工作中融入了疾控预防与控制内容。本文以平原卫生院为例小结如下。     

社区卫生人员对社区卫生机构相关属性的认知研究

随着社区建设和卫生体制改革的逐步深入，我国的社区卫生工作获得了长足的发展。目前，我国大部分城镇以及经济较为发达的农村地区，都已经或正在建立社区卫生服务体系。但是由于社区卫生服务的特殊性和复杂性，如何界定社区卫生机构的服务范围、服务层次和配置水平依然是一个难解之题：服务范围过小或配置水平过低，难以为居民提供所需的服务，也不能吸引居民；     

东台市农村社区卫生服务的实践

农村社区卫生服务工作是实施农民健康工程的重要组成部分.2006年东台市被确定为农村社区卫生服务省级试点县后,紧紧围绕社区卫生服务工作目标,采取强有力的措施,抢抓机遇,加强领导,全面规划,扎实推进,建立健全了农村社区卫生服务体系,基本满足了农村居民的健康需求.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.