水下50 m激光切割30 mm厚钢板特性

在模拟50 m水深环境下进行中厚板激光切割,通过切割的宽度和断面粗糙度研究了氧气压力、喷嘴到工件的距离、切割速度等对切割质量的影响.结果表明,氧气压力较低时,切缝底部无法割透,下半部分有较多熔渣相连.随着氧气压力增加,切缝背面排渣能力明显增强,切缝平直度增加.与大气中切割不同的是氧气压力增大,切缝壁面反而光洁.喷嘴到工件的距离对切缝各部位尺寸影响均不明显,文中取平直度最佳的范围2~4 mm.随着切割速度增加,切缝下部宽度减小最明显,切割断面纹理线发生弯曲,在水下50 m环境中,切割30 mm厚钢板,最快切割速度可达到2.0 m/min.     

铝合金脉冲固体Nd：YAG激光切割及其对比试验

利用高功率脉冲固体Nd:YAG激光和空气等离子弧分别对4mm厚的5A06铝合金板材进行了切割试验.探讨了工艺参数对激光切割质量的影响,得出结论,激光功率、脉宽、频率和离焦量对切缝宽度影响较大,而切割速度、辅助气压的影响很小.通过光学显微镜和扫描电子呈微镜观察分析切缝宏观形貌及微观组织,结果表明,激光切缝窄钿平直,垂直度0.28mm,切面波纹浅,没有明显的热影响区;与空气等离子弧的切割效果进行对比,后者切缝较宽,大约是激光切缝的4倍,切面易氧化,波纹较深,且切割面有大量微裂纹存在.     

大功率激光水下切割用喷嘴设计

综合考虑激光光束尺寸要求和拉瓦尔喷嘴的设计原理,对喷嘴的稳定段、收缩段、喉口及扩张段进行了设计.稳定段尺寸主要由激光切割枪整体尺寸限制确定,收缩段连接稳定段与喉口段,采用相切圆弧过渡方式,为保证激光顺利通过喉口部位,喉口段直径大于激光光斑直径,扩张段采用直线扩张方式,鉴于切缝宽度限制,扩张角不应过大.根据设计尺寸制造了超音速拉瓦尔喷嘴,喷出氧流速度及挺度得以改善,在激光水下切割试验中,采用局部排水法,较大氧气流量条件下顺利实现了深水条件下30 mm厚碳钢板的高效激光切割,与会聚型喷嘴相比,切割效果改善明显.     

超音速拉瓦尔喷嘴设计及大功率激光水下切割实验

针对传统会聚型喷嘴大气流时存在激波、紊流度较大及水下切割质量差等问题,设计了一种新型的超音速拉瓦尔喷嘴,基于空气动力学原理及激光光斑的尺寸限制,确定拉瓦尔喷嘴各部分的尺寸,并进行大功率激光水下切割实验以验证采用拉瓦尔喷嘴进行水下激光切割的有效性。通过对比会聚型喷嘴表明,采用超音速拉瓦尔喷嘴进行水下激光切割,具有切割质量、效率高、过程平稳及改善切割效果等特点。     

激光切割新工艺

激光切割是利用激光器输出的高能激光束作为能源,经过聚焦把激光束的能量集中在一个微小的斑点上(可获得φ0.16mm的微小光斑),这个高能量的光斑照射在金属上,金属     

钛合金的激光切割

研究了不同辅助气体和工艺参数对激光切割钛合金板的影响，分析了激光切割切缝的断面特征和热影响区特点。试验结果表明，用氩气作辅助气体，切割质量最好；激光功率和切割速度对切缝宽度和热影响区宽度有一定影响；切缝断面可分为形貌不同的两个区，两区之间有明显界线；切缝上表面和下表面热影响区宽度不同，特点为上窄下宽。     

激光切割与精密等离子弧切割技术

在70年代后期,激光技术开始用于薄板金属加工。相对于有氧切割和等离子弧切割来说,激光切割有极高的切割质量。激光切割出现以前,等离子弧切割一直被认为是切割金属薄板和中厚钢板的最好方法。80年代以来,激光切割设备逐渐成为金属加工与制造业的一种重要生产工具。由于激光的有效功率由500WM高到3000W,可加工的板材厚度范围扩宽了。过去唯有等离子能切割的较厚板材,现在由激光也能切割。激光切割的优点包括：垂直的切割边缘,边缘质量的一致性,高于土0．127rum的精度,以及能在厚度达19．05mrn的材料上打出小孔等。但是相对于等离…     

大功率激光切割机的导光系统设计要点

采用大功率CO2激光器高速切割板材，是板材加工的一门新兴先进技术。大功率激光器的高质量光束模式是保证切割能力和切割质量的关键。文章在分析激光器光传导系统结构的基础上，探讨了导光系统的设计。先进的导光系统对于大功率激光切割机的研发具有重要意义。     

High power laser welding of Nb microalloyed steel plates

Abstract

Laser welding studies on 12 mm thick Nb microalloyed steels were done using a 25 kW CO₂ laser at welding speeds of up to 3 m min^?1 with the aim of identifying the influences of Nb and carbon on laser weldability and weld properties. Welds were examined for solidification flaws, penetration characteristics, microstructure and mechanical properties. Solidification cracking did not appear to be influenced by carbon or Nb in the ranges studied when welding at power levels between 22 and 25 kW. The area fraction of martensite was shown to increase with decreasing energy input and increasing carbon content. Weld metal toughness was improved by reducing carbon content in the range 0·08–0·05%C but was little influenced by Nb. Weld metal and heat affected zone hardness levels were reduced, as expected, by reducing carbon content. The results show that increasing Nb content leads to higher strength material without significant loss of toughness, while lowering carbon content can improve toughness without loss of strength. Thus low carbon Nb microalloyed steels with about 0·05%C can achieve a good combination of parent plate and laser weld properties and appear to be suitable for high power laser welding situations.     

CO2 laser cutting of phenolic resin boards

CO₂ laser cutting process of phenolic resin boards has been assessed using a design of experiments (DOE) based methodology. The feasibility and quality of this process is analyzed and compared with the results from laser cutting of particleboard panels. The present work demonstrates that phenolic resin boards can be successfully cut by CO₂ lasers using a laser power of 3 kW at a 3.5 m/min cutting speed.The potential toxicity of the condensed residues formed on the cut edges and the fumes generated during the cutting of the phenolic resin have been also analyzed. CO₂ laser cutting of phenolic resin boards is a feasible process provided special protective measures, here commented, are implemented.     

适于镀锌钢板激光焊接的CO2激光切割

研究适合于裁焊板生产的板坯切割的技术方案，重点讨论了CO2激光切割。采用氮气辅助激光切割，氧气辅助激光切割，铣切和普通剪切方法进行了镀锌钢板的切割。研究表明，氮气辅助CO激光切割方正度较好，切口质量符合裁焊板拼接间隙小于0．1mm的要求。激光切割时，由于热影响范围小，镀锌钢板切口边缘镀锌层烧损范围小，整个切缝无宏观残余形变。氮气辅助CO2激光切割具有切割速度快，质量好的优点，适合于进行裁焊板的板坯切割。     

CO2 laser cut quality of 4130 steel

Samples of 4130 steel were cut on a CO₂ laser cutting system and the combined effects of power and feed rate on kerf width, surface roughness, striation frequency and the size of heat affected zone (HAZ) have been studied. Regression analysis was used to develop models that describe the effect of the independent process parameters on laser cut quality. For the range of operation conditions tested, it was observed that power had a major effect on kerf width and size of HAZ, while feed rate affects were secondary. On the other hand, surface roughness and striation frequency were affected most by feed rate. At low power levels, the smallest kerf width and HAZ are obtained and the effect of feed rate is moderate. Low feed rates gave good surface roughness and low striation frequency. For optimum cut quality, kerf width, HAZ and surface roughness are kept at a minimum. However, operating conditions that satisfy these requirements while maintaining high productivity could not be identified.     

等离子喷涂La2Zr2O7热障涂层高温烧结的硬化行为

热障涂层在高温服役过程中发生烧结和硬化,是引发涂层开裂和剥离失效的主要因素,因此掌握涂层烧结规律是进行涂层设计制备、寿命预测和工艺优化的前提。 文中采用等离子喷涂技术制备 La₂ Zr₂ O₇热障涂层,在 1250 ℃ 条件下进行涂层高温热暴露试验,表征了涂层高温烧结过程中力学性能的变化规律,从孔隙结构的角度揭示了涂层高温烧结硬化机理。 研究结果表明,喷涂态 La₂ Zr₂ O₇ 涂层为典型的层状结构,硬度为(405±20) HV_0.3 ,高温热暴露后涂层呈现先快后慢的硬化趋势,热暴露 200 h 后涂层硬度提高了 80%。 涂层结构分析表明,涂层物相保持不变,但涂层孔隙率呈现出先快后慢的下降规律。 坐标轴变换处理后发现,硬度和孔隙率均呈现以 10 h 为临界的双阶段特性。 通过对涂层孔隙结构的高温准原位观察,发现涂层孔隙初期多点桥接超快愈合、后期以边界推进方式缓慢烧结的双阶段烧结现象, 从而揭示了 La₂ Zr₂ O₇ 热障涂层分阶段硬化的烧结机理,从而为发展抗烧结高性能热障涂层提供了新的理论依据。     

Plasma detection and control requirements for CO2 laser cutting

This paper reveals the underlying mechanisms for laser-induced plasma formation in fusion laser cutting of stainless steel and aluminium, by means of experimental observations, analytical calculations and FEA simulations. The camera-based monitoring system which has been developed and used for real-time plasma detection is explained, as well as the results achieved for different material/thickness/geometry combinations. Requirements for real-time plasma suppression control strategies are derived and the effectiveness of such control algorithm are illustrated.     

船用钢板的高功率CO2激光焊接

激光作为高能束和洁净热源在焊接中得到了越来越广泛的应用.船舶制造中的激光焊接技术也正得到广泛的研究并开始应用.利用 15 kW 级CO2激光对国产船用板CCS-B、SUS304、A36以及CCS-A进行了对接接头和T形接头的激光焊接研究.在多种板厚条件下获得了良好的激光填丝和激光电弧复合焊接接头.通过宏观和显微金相分析比较CCS-B激光填丝焊和激光电弧复合焊接头焊缝截面形状和组织.通过成分分析,观察了在三种不同高功率激光焊方法(纯激光、激光填丝和激光复合)下焊缝中主要化学成分的含量变化.通过硬度测量、拉伸和弯曲试验测试分析了接头力学性能.     

Low temperature growth of nanocrystalline TiO2 films with Ar/O2 low-field helicon plasma

TiO₂ thin films were deposited on silicon wafer substrates by low-field (1 < B < 5 mT) helicon plasma assisted reactive sputtering in a mixture of pure argon and oxygen. The influence of the positive ion density on the substrate and the post-annealing treatment on the films density, refractive index, chemical composition and crystalline structure was analysed by reflectometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Amorphous TiO₂ was obtained for ion density on the substrate below 7 × 10¹⁶ m^− 3. Increasing the ion density over 7 × 10¹⁶ m^− 3 led to the formation of nanocrystalline (~ 15 nm) rutile phase TiO₂. The post-annealing treatment of the films in air at 300 °C induced the complete crystallisation of the amorphous films to nanocrystals of anatase (~ 40 nm) while the rutile films shows no significant change meaning that they were already fully crystallised by the plasma process. All these results show an efficient process by low-field helicon plasma sputtering process to fabricate stoichiometric TiO₂ thin films with amorphous or nanocrystalline rutile structure directly from low temperature plasma processing conditions and nanocrystalline anatase structure with a moderate annealing treatment.     

Corrosion characteristics of LiBH4 film exposed to a CO2/H2O/O2/N2 mixture

LiBH₄ films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition using a LiB target in a background pressure of hydrogen. The corrosion characteristics of LiBH₄ films were measured by exposing them to a gas mixture of CO₂/H₂O/O₂/N₂ at ambient temperature for 1–24 h. Scanning electron microscopy images show some cracks on the surface of corrosion films, which could act as easy paths for H₂O and CO₂ to further react with Li⁺ and B³⁺. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results and theoretical analysis show that LiBH₄ tends to react with H₂O and CO₂ to form Li₂B₄O₇, Li₂CO₃ and LiOH during the corrosion process.     

Characteristic and synthesis mechanism of MgB2 nanoparticles in solid-state reactive sintering

MgB₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by a one-step reactive sintering method. The sample was heated from room temperature to 994 K, and then directly cooled down at a rate of 40 K/min. The results of X-ray diffraction indicate that MgB₂ superconductors with high quality were successfully prepared, and only a few impurities were detected on it. The sample consisted of two distinguishable structures by the TEM observation: nanoparticles and single crystals, which is a result of nonequilibrium conversion under the direct cooling condition. The nanoparticles with a diameter of about 10–20 nm are considered to be at the onset for the formation of MgB₂ phase. Transition temperature (T_c) and critical current density (J_c) of the compound structures were determined to be 38.5 K and 1.8 × 10⁵ A cm⁻² by means of SQUID measurement, which indicate good superconducting properties. The inter-diffusion and dislocation incorporation mechanisms for the formation and growth of MgB₂ nanoparticles are also proposed, and the further growth will be accelerated due to an adequate holding time at 994 K.