改进型CKF算法及其在GNSS/INS中的应用

针对容积卡尔曼滤波算法(CKF)在高阶非线性系统应用中,局部容积点采样不准确及系统状态突变导致滤波精度降低甚至发散的问题,提出一种改进型CKF(TSCKF)算法.采用新的容积点采样规则提高非线性函数映射准确性,进而提高滤波精度;引入强跟踪滤波(STF)的渐消因子,提升算法在状态突变时的鲁棒性.将此算法应用于GNSS/INS(Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System)紧组合导航系统中,仿真结果表明,该算法能够显著提高导航精度,鲁棒性强,在状态突变情况下依然可以满足导航精度要求.     

基于cubature Kalman filter的INS/GPS组合导航滤波算法

INS/GPS组合导航系统的本质是非线性的,为改善非线性下INS/GPS组合导航精度,提出将一种新的非线性滤波cubature Kalman filter（CKF）应用于INS/GPS组合导航中.为此,建立了基于平台失准角的非线性状态模型和以速度误差及位置误差描述的观测模型,分析了CKF滤波原理,设计了INS/GPS组合滤波器,对组合导航非线性模型进行了仿真.仿真结果显示,相对于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）,CKF降低了姿态、位置和速度估计误差,CKF更适合于处理组合导航的状态估计问题.     

简化高阶强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波及其在组合导航中的应用

针对传统容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)在面对系统模型失配和状态突变滤波精度下降的问题,将强跟踪滤波器(STF)和高阶容积卡尔曼滤波(HCKF)相结合,提出一种简化高阶强跟踪容积卡尔曼滤波(RHSTCKF)算法.该算法具有比传统CKF更高的滤波精度,并且利用滤波模型的特点,简化HCKF的计算步骤,同时在HCKF中引入多重渐消因子增强算法的自适应性和应对状态突变的能力.将所提算法应用到SINS/GPS组合导航系统中进行仿真实验,结果表明,RHSTCKF可以准确估计出突变状态的真实值,能够抑制滤波器状态异常的干扰,滤波性能明显优于HCKF,能够提高组合导航系统的自适应性和定位精度.     

改进的CKF算法及其在BDS/INS中的应用

针对标准容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)在组合导航系统模型不确定情况下滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题,将奇异值分解(SVD)与CKF算法相结合,并引入强跟踪滤波(STF)理论,提出一种改进的强跟踪SVD-CKF算法.为提高数值计算的稳定性,采用SVD代替标准CKF中的Cholesky分解;引入STF理论框架,通过渐消因子对预测误差协方差阵进行在线修正,在系统模型不确定或系统发生大的突变时,能够提高系统的强鲁棒性.通过仿真结果验证了改进算法的有效性.     

自适应混合阶SSRCKF及其在组合导航中的应用

传统的容积卡尔曼滤波（CKF）在处理强非线性系统时存在精度低甚至发散的问题,高阶容积卡尔曼滤波（HCKF）提高精度的同时也会大幅度提高计算复杂度,同时在高维系统中存在负权值影响算法的稳定性。针对以上问题提出了一种自适应混合阶球面最简相径容积卡尔曼滤波（AMSSRCKF）,该算法采用混合阶最简相径容积规则（MSSR）采样获得了比CKF更高的精度,同时结合了多重渐消因子强跟踪滤波算法,提高了算法的鲁棒性。最后,将该算法应用于组合导航系统仿真,结果表明,AMSSRCKF可以有效抑制系统状态突变的影响,提高了组合导航系统的定位精度和鲁棒性。     

一种新的多渐消因子容积卡尔曼滤波

将强跟踪思想引入容积卡尔曼滤波（cubature Kalman filter，CKF），建立强跟踪CKF能有效克服CKF在模型不确定、状态突变等情况下，滤波性能下降的问题。通过分析现有多渐消因子计算方法，发现它们均只利用了协方差矩阵的对角线元素，并没有考虑各个状态之间的相关性，不能充分发挥多渐消因子的优势。为此，本文提出渐消因子矩阵，基于正交原理推导渐消因子矩阵的求解方法，提出多渐消因子强跟踪CKF算法。多渐消因子强跟踪CKF算法突破了传统多渐消因子为向量的限制，也不再要求渐消因子取值要大于1。仿真验证了算法具有更好的滤波精度何鲁棒性，能更好的满足工程应用的要求。     

改进的强跟踪SVD-UKF算法在组合导航中的应用

针对无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF）在系统强非线性或状态模型不精确的情况下,存在滤波精度降低甚至发散的问题,提出一种改进的强跟踪SVD-UKF算法。该算法采用奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD）的方法改进UKF中状态协方差矩阵的迭代,保证协方差矩阵的非负定性及迭代的稳定性;算法基于强跟踪滤波（Strong Tracking filter,STF）理论框架,对改进的SVD-UKF引入多重渐消因子自适应调整状态协方差矩阵,在系统状态发生突变的情况下,实现系统真实状态的强跟踪。将该算法在BDS/INS组合导航中仿真验证,结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于结构分解的GPS/INS组合导航粒子滤波技术

针对粒子滤波应用于GPS/INS组合导航系统时难以保证滤波实时性的问题,提出一种基于线性/非线性结构分解的改进粒子滤波算法.改进算法对状态方程进行线性/非线性结构分解,分别采用重点采样和线性卡尔曼方式进行一步预测递推,充分发挥粒子滤波和卡尔曼滤波的特点,有效降低了粒子滤波的计算量,在保证GPS/INS组合导航系统滤波精度的条件下提高了组合滤波的实时性.     

UKF在INS/GPS组合导航直接法滤波中的应用

INS/GPS组合导航系统直接法滤波中是直接以导航系统输出的导航参数(位置、速度等)作为状态,所以系统方程为非线性方程。UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)是一类以UT变换为基础,以卡尔曼线性滤波为框架,采用确定性采样策略逼近非线性分布的非线性滤波算法。由于它是对后验概率密度进行近似来得到滤波估计,所以避免了非线性系统中状态方程的线性化问题,能较好地解决系统方程非线性问题。论文INS/GPS组合导航系统中采取直接法,建立非线性模型进行UKF滤波解算,并与EKF方法比较,实验结果显示UKF方法能更好地解决系统状态方程非线性的问题,并得到更高的导航精度。     

自适应模糊粒子滤波在组合导航中的应用

常用的卡尔曼滤波不能解决组合导航系统中的非线性问题,为了进一步提高组合导航系统定位性能,基于粒子滤波和模糊逻辑提出自适应模糊粒子滤波方法.该方法减小了对系统动态及工作环境的依赖,提高了对载体状态的估计精度.并且解决了组合导航系统中卫星信号被遮挡的情况下进行状态估计的问题.通过利用GPS与INS组合导航系统数学仿真证明了方法的可行性、及对组合导航系统的定位精度和鲁棒性的提升,是对于目前常用的组合导航算法的拓展和完善.有很好的应用价值.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。