经导管堵塞婴幼儿动脉导管未闭89例体会

目的探讨经导管堵塞婴儿动脉导管未闭的疗效。方法对８９例动脉导管未闭患儿采用了４种不同堵塞装置治疗。结果总成功率９８．８８％（８８／８９）,失败１例,严重并发症２例,术后２４小时内残余分流１９例（２１．３％）,经１个月～３．５年随访,微量残余分流７流（７．０８％）。结论经心导管堵婴幼儿动脉导未闭安全、有效、操作简单、适应证广,可作为治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的首选方法。     

特殊的动脉导管未闭的封堵术

目的探讨特殊的动脉导管未闭(PDA)封堵术的方法和疗效.方法 1995年2月至2002年2月应用可回收弹簧圈及Amplazer封堵器成功治疗了321例各种PDA,其中51例为特殊的PDA,分别为PDA合并肺动脉狭窄(PS)3例、合并主动脉缩窄(COA)3例、合并房间隔缺损(ASD)2例、合并主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)3例、合并纠正性大动脉转位(L-TGA)1例、右位主动脉弓左位PDA合并迷走右锁骨下动脉1例、合并中度或中度以上二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)38例.治疗方法为同时应用球囊扩张和其他封堵技术治疗合并畸形.术后行心脏超声及临床检查随访.结果所有51例患者介入治疗术均获得成功.PDA直径为1.2～6.9 mm,平均直径为(3.0±1.2)mm,所有PDA中临床关闭(听诊无杂音)在出院时达100%,超声彩色多普勒检查在出院时无分流达100%.2例合并ASD者,在ASD堵塞后即刻也无残余分流.球囊扩张的AS、PS、COA随访疗效均良好.合并MR中,二尖瓣返流明显好转占92.1%(35/38).在平均3.8年随访中没有任何并发症.结论一些特殊的PDA或合并其它先天性心脏病组合可通过心导管介入技术来治愈.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in piglets

To better determine the risks of transcatheter closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a model of PDA was made in newborn piglets by using 5- to 7-mm angioplasty catheters to dilate the probe PDA. This maneuver resulted in a permanent PDA in most piglets. Four to 6 weeks later PDA closure was attempted using the Rashkind PDA occluder. Twelve such procedures were attempted, using clean but nonsterile technique. Nine of 12 PDAs were successfully closed. Two failures were the result of inability to successfully traverse the PDA. This problem was solved by using a long sheath to position the device properly. Four complications occurred, all related to device release: left pulmonary artery embolization in 1 case, femoral artery embolization in 1, torn pulmonic valve cusp in 1 and lodgment of a prosthesis on a pulmonic valve cusp. Two successfully implanted devices were infected at necropsy. This study demonstrates the value of a piglet model in testing transcatheter PDA occlusion devices, the importance of sterile technique in such procedures, the hazards of device retrieval through the right heart and the feasibility of transcatheter PDA closure.     

Transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in adults

Three techniques of percutaneous transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus are presented along with a review of the literature.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的　采用Amplatzer封堵器经皮穿刺静脉治疗动脉导管未闭 ,并对其疗效、安全性及并发症进行评价。方法　 31例患者 ,年龄 0 8～ 38 0 (8 1± 6 0 )岁 ,体重 7 0～ 6 9 5 (2 7 7± 2 0 2 )kg。经静脉使用 6F传送器置入Amplatzer堵闭器 ,听诊无杂音后 10min行胸主动脉造影。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定 ,术后 2 4h、3个月、6个月行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果　全组技术成功率10 0 %。术后即刻所有患者心前区双期连续性杂音消失 ,10min后胸主动脉造影示 2 9例完全堵闭(93 5 % ) ,仅 2例存在极少量残余分流 ,且 48h后超声心动图示该分流消失。动脉导管最窄径 1 5～8 2 (4 4± 1 7)mm ,透视时间 3 0～ 14 5 (6 7± 2 3)min。除 1例患者术后短暂胸部不适外均无任何并发症。随访 3～ 17(9 3± 3 7)个月未发生装置移位、再通或肺动脉狭窄。结论　应用Amplatzer方法经导管治疗动脉导管未闭安全简便 ,创伤小 ,适应证广 ,成功率高 ,疗效可靠 ,可用于新生儿 ,是目前治疗动脉导管未闭最理想的方法。     

特殊形态动脉导管未闭的介入治疗

目的探讨特殊形态动脉导管未闭(PDA)的介入治疗方法,评价其临床应用价值。方法7例应用标准型Amplatzer导管封堵器难以完成介入治疗的PDA患者,根据造影显示PDA形态及临床特点,相应选用成角型Amplatzer导管封堵器以及偏心型导管封堵器进行介入治疗,术后以心脏超声随诊评价疗效。结果7例患者皆成功完成介入治疗,无严重并发症发生;其中2例应用成角型Amplatzer导管封堵器,5例应用偏心型导管封堵器;2例经二次手术完成,余患者一次治疗完成。7例患者中,封堵术后即刻造影显示有2例封堵完全,术后24h心脏超声检查示6例封堵完全,术后3个月复查皆封堵完全。结论需要设计和生产不同形态和大小的封堵装置,以扩大PDA介入治疗的适应证。     

应用Cook可控弹簧栓子封堵动脉导管未闭

目的 :应用 Cook可控弹簧栓子封堵动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组共 10例 ,年龄 2～ 35 （平均 11.6 ）岁 ,体重 8～ 6 4（平均 30 .6 ） kg,PDA最窄处直径 1.4～ 3.2 （平均 2 .6 ） m m。经导管置入 Cook可控弹簧栓子封堵 PDA。封堵后 10 min行胸主动脉造影评价疗效。术后 3天、1月、6月及 12月行超声心动图检查观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :全组技术成功率为 10 0 % ,术后 10 m in胸主动脉造影及术后 3d超声心动图未见残余分流。随访 12个月 ,均未发现 PDA再通及弹簧栓子移位。结论 :应用 Cook可控弹簧栓子封堵小型 PDA是一种安全、有效的非手术方法     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with Nit-Occlud coils.

The detachable coils have been successfully used for transcatheter occlusion of small- to moderate-sized patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We report our experience regarding the use of the Nit-Occlud coils (NOCs) for transcatheter PDA and major aortopulmonary collateral (MAPCA) occlusion. Single NOCs were used to close PDA in 26 patients, and one small and two large MAPCAs in two patients. Mean age and weight of the patients were 7.7 +/- 5.4 years and 20.6 +/- 11.6 kg. Mean minimum duct diameter was 2.8 +/- 0.8 mm; ampulla, 8.7 +/- 2.4 mm; and PDA length, 9.3 +/- 4.4 mm. Mean pulmonary artery pressure ranged from 9 to 51 mm Hg and pulmonary/systemic flow ratio from 1.1 to 5.8. Ductal shape was conical in 24 patients. Route of approach was venous in 23 and arterial in 3. Successful coil implantation was achieved in 24/26 (92.3%). Mean procedure and fluoroscopy time were 67.2 +/- 22.1 and 14.9 +/- 6.5 min. The three MAPCAs were also successfully occluded using NOC Medium and Flex. Postimplantation angiograms revealed no leak in 3, a trace or small leak in 17, and a medium leak in 4 patients. Mean follow-up was 7 +/- 5 months. Complete occlusion was achieved in 17/24 (71%) at 24 hr, 19/24 (79%) by 1 month, 13/15 (87%) by 3 months, 14/15 (93%) by 6 months, and 10/11 (90%) by 12 months postprocedure. Hemolysis, late embolization, duct recanalization, and flow disturbances were not observed. Transcatheter occlusion of moderate-sized PDAs and MAPCAs using NOCs seems to offer a safe, simple, and controlled method in pediatric patients.     

国产蘑菇伞形封堵器治疗未闭动脉导管15例报告

目的评价国产蘑菇伞形动脉导管封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的即刻和早期疗效.方法15例患者,男4例,女11例,平均年龄23±18(5～65)岁.PDA平均最小直径为4.9(2.5～12.0)min,应用F7～F9长鞘管输送封堵器.结果15例患者均获成功.术后10min动脉造影显示PDA完全堵塞.无并发症.结论应用国产蘑菇伞形动脉导管封堵器经导管封堵术是治疗PDA的有效方法.     

Transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in adults using the gianturco coil

Background and hypothesis: Although results of surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the pediatric age group are excellent, surgical management of the adult with a PDA may be more problematic. The PDA that presents in adulthood may be calcified and friable, rendering simple ligation via a thoracotomy difficult, inadequate, and hazardous. Patch closure of the ductus arteriosus from either the aortic or pulmonary artery orifice using cardiopulmonary bypass or transient aortic cross-clamping is necessary but increases surgical risks. Furthermore, older patients with diseases unrelated to their PDA and patients with Down's syndrome may have higher risks with intubation, general anesthesia, and surgery. Early results of percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of the PDA with Gianturco coils performed under sedation and local anesthesia are promising. Methods: Six adults with mean age of 39.1 years (range 23.1–62.0 years) were found to have an isolated PDA with mean minimum diameter of 2.7 mm (range 1.0–5.0 mm) at cardiac catheterization. All underwent percutaneous transcatheter occulsion of the PDA using Gianturco coils. Results: Coil implantation was successful in all patients. There were no complications and all were discharged home within 24 hours. Complete ductal occlusion was seen immediately in 4 of 6 patients (67%) while 2 of 6 (33%) had small residual leaks. However, complete occlusion was achieved in all patients by 6 months following the procedure. Conclusion: Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA using coils is safe and efficacious in adults.     

Transcatheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus using custom made devices

There has been a paradigm shift in the transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) over the last 45 years. With the availability of various coils, plugs and occluders, PDA of almost all shapes and sizes are amenable to transcatheter closure. However, very large PDA diagnosed late in life are being referred for surgical closure in the absence of availability of large size devices, especially in developing countries. In this case series, we have described four patients with large PDA, three of which were closed by transcatheter custom made PDA occluders. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus

This article reviews the current status of transcatheter technology, which has been applied to close the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Pioneering work in this field was performed by Porstmann in the 1960s and Rashkind in the 1970s. Devices which have been implanted in the PDA have basic designs as plugs, umbrellas, or coils. The experience reported with each type of device is detailed. Issues and controversies are examined. It appears that coils should be the preferred method for closing smaller PDAs (3-mm diameter or smaller), and Rashkind or similar devices, if available, should be reserved for larger PDAs (> 3-mm diameter). Surgery is necessary for neonatal and for rare large PDAs. Transcatheter technology is still evolving and may become more effective and cheaper.     

Transcatheter closure of a calcified patent ductus arteriosus in an elderly man

Successful transcatheter closure of a calcified patent ductus arteriosus was performed in a symptomatic 78 year old man. Cardiac catheterization revealed a left to right shunt across the patent ductus arteriosus with a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio of 2.8:1. Calcification of the ductus and severe lung disease increased the risk of surgical patent ductus arteriosus closure. A 17 mm Rashkind double umbrella was positioned in the ductus percutaneously by way of the femoral vein. After closure of the ductus there was marked hemodynamic improvement and the patient was discharged with improved exercise tolerance. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus may be a viable option for the elderly patient too sick to withstand cardiovascular surgery.