常用加工制造工艺资源环境属性数据库系统研究

工艺的资源环境属性研究是绿色工艺规划技术的关键环节之一.现有许多工艺数据库缺乏对工艺资源环境属性因素方面的考虑,难以支撑绿色制造工艺规划技术的实施.运用绿色制造的思想,构建了基于B/S的常用加工制造工艺资源环境数据库系统,详细阐述了该数据库系统的体系结构并对工艺资源环境属性的量化方法及其实现方式进行了研究.     

基于模型集的面向绿色制造工艺规划策略研究

分析了制造过程的输入，输出，揭示了面向绿色制造工艺规划的内涵，建立了面向绿色制造的工艺规划多目标优化决策总体模型，通过对该模型的分解，构造出面向绿色制造的工艺规划模型集，基于研究建立了一种基于模型集的面向绿色制造工艺规划策略，并开发了相应的面向绿色制造工艺规划的应用支持原型系统。     

面向绿色制造的工艺规划关键技术研究

绿色制造工艺规划是绿色制造的关键之一,是一种对工艺要素、工艺过程及工艺方案绿色性评价等进行优化决策和规划,从而达到减少产品制造过程中的资源消耗和环境影响的工艺规划方法。     

绿色磨削实现技术及其理论框架的构建

基于绿色制造理论和磨削加工在制造领域的应用特点,提出并分析了磨削工艺过程的绿色问题和实现绿色磨削的重要意义;结合磨削加工技术的发展现状,提出了实施绿色磨削的内涵及主要研究内容,对发展绿色磨削的相关工艺内容和关键技术进行了探讨,面向绿色制造初步构建了绿色磨削技术及发展的理论框架.     

基于IMPACT2002+的机械加工过程绿色综合评价应用支持系统

构建机械加工过程绿色综合评价数据库系统是制造业绿色生产工艺技术评估及应用研究的重要组成部分。基于影响评价2002+(IMPACT2002+)的理论,建立科学、规范的机械加工过程资源消耗和环境排放数据量化、分析与评价体系;并采用多属性决策方法结合质量、时间、成本指标,构建机械加工工艺绿色综合表现的评价模型与量化分析方法。同时,以机床零件的制造加工工艺为研究对象,开发了机床制造工艺绿色综合评价数据库系统。通过某机床厂全数控凸轮轴磨床主轴的制造工艺过程对所述模型与系统的可行性进行了验证。     

机电产品的绿色制造技术研究

作为一种全新的制造理念,绿色制造是现代工业、企业发展和运行的新模式,也是人类社会可持续发展的基础。从分析绿色制造的内涵入手,研究了绿色制造的目标及其集成特性,指出绿色制造的必要性。在此基础上,建立了机电产品绿色制造集成框架,从绿色资源、绿色生产与绿色产品三个方面对绿色制造进行了论述。最后,阐述了绿色设计、绿色包装、绿色再制造、绿色材料选择与绿色工艺规划等绿色制造关键技术,并指出绿色制造是今后制造业发展的方向。     

面向e-制造的动态工艺规划支持系统研究

为满足e-制造模式对工艺资源共享和工艺规划的新需求,研究了面向e-制造的动态工艺规划支持系统的体系结构,讨论了制造本体模型的构建和存储方法以及基于语义的工艺知识检索原理,开发了面向e-制造的动态工艺规划支持系统并进行应用演示。结果表明基于本体理论构建和存储工艺模型可对其赋予语义,基于语义的信息检索可以提高工艺资源查询的效率,这为工艺规划系统掌握资源动态信息,进行工艺路线的选择和优化奠定了基础。     

制造企业绿色生产过程实施体系

现有的绿色制造理论在我国制造企业的生产过程中难以实施,缺乏能够应用于生产车间的切实可行的绿色制造实施体系。为此,在对制造企业生产过程绿色特性研究的基础上,构建了一种面向绿色制造的车间生产过程实施体系,包括绿色生产过程的技术基础、研究内容、软件支撑和目标;对资源环境数据中的模糊数据采用模糊实体-关系方法建模,实现了绿色生产过程数据库系统的模糊化设计,在一定程度上解决了生产过程中具有不确定性的资源环境数据在数据库中的管理问题;并基于产品数据管理提出了一种车间级绿色制造的信息集成模式,为相关软件工具的开发奠定了基础。     

面向绿色制造的工艺规划支持系统及应用

针对绿色制造研究中缺乏明显改善环境友好性的实用方法和工具的问题,开发了一种面向绿色制造的工艺规划支持系统。该系统主要由工艺要素选择、工艺过程优化和工艺方案绿色性评价3个功能模块,以及相应的模型库组成。支撑数据库主要提供各种绿色特性数据,包括工艺绿色特性数据库、工艺清单数据库、机床数据库、刀具数据库和切削液数据库等。在数据库和模型库的支持下,对工艺过程中的原材料消耗、辅助原材料消耗、能量消耗和环境排放物等进行优化和评价,从而辅助工艺人员优化和改善产品和零件制造过程的绿色性。通过某机床厂齿轮工艺过程的规划实例,验证了该系统的可行性。     

面向环境的产品设计制造及应用研究

面向环境的产品设计制造是绿色产品开发应用的关键技术之一。文章阐述了面向环境的产品设计制造的基本内涵及发展特点,介绍了面向环境的产品设计关键技术及其应用。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.