弯道水流二维浅水模型的修正研究

借鉴有关弯道水流流速分布的研究成果,计入深度平均流速与真实流流速分布差值引起的扩散效应,在正交曲线坐标系下建立了平面二维浅水模型.采用以标准κ-ε模型为基础的曲率效应修正紊流模型模拟紊动应力项,在一定程度上考虑了流线弯曲水流紊动应力的各向异性.应用控制体积法和交错网格法离散方程,并用SIMPLEC算法求解离散方程;同时采用修正后的模型对90°弯道水流进行了数值模拟,并与原模型的计算结果及实测资料进行了比较,结果表明该模型能够有效地模拟流线弯曲水流的水力特性.     

曲线坐标系下平面二维浅水模型的修正与应用

借鉴有关弯道水流流速分布的研究成果,计入弯道环流引起的横向的动量交换,对曲线坐标系平面二维浅水方程做了修正;采用边界处正交的曲线网格生成技术,处理复杂的计算区域边界.采用修正后的模型对90°弯道水流进行了数值模拟,并与原模型的计算结果及实测资料进行了比较,结果表明该模型能够有效地模拟流线弯曲的复杂水流的水力特性.     

连续弯道水流紊动特性试验研究

采用电磁流速仪, 在接近天然河道形态的连续弯道中, 对沿程断面上各点的脉动流速进行量测.根据测得的数据分析得到了紊动能谱、紊动强 度、紊动切应力、紊动能、紊动参数等的全断面分布.研究结果表明水流紊动主要集中在10 Hz以下,不同环流形式与各种紊动量之间会互相影响,边壁处纵向紊动强烈、横向和垂向紊动较弱.     

基于CFD的河流弯道二次流的三维数值模拟

为了系统地研究河流弯道在二次流影响下水沙运动的特点,本文基于CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值模拟和物理模型实验的方法,对河流弯道二次流进行了模拟和测量;应用雷诺时均法模型,结合Eulerian两相流模型对河流弯道二次流及其泥沙冲淤规律进行了数值模拟;以SIMPLE方法对压力场和速度场进行了耦合计算,并对辽宁省阜新市细河某段支流河道进行了物理模型实验,数值模拟的结果与实验结果基本一致,表明了本文方法的正确性。在此基础上,对90°弯曲的梯形断面河道的二次流结构和冲淤变化进行了分析,为防洪和水利设施的建设提供理论依据。     

正交数值网格的生成及平面二维流场的数值模拟

提出了一种边界正交曲线网格的生成方法。在内域,求解拉普拉斯方程组生成二维正交曲线网格;在计算域边界,提出了正交曲线网格边界正交化处理的分段拉格朗日插值边界滑动法,并对控制方程N-S方程进行曲线坐标变换,使用SIMPLEC算法求解曲线坐标下的k-ε双方程湍流模型。文中以长江重庆九龙坡弯道河段正态模型为资料进行验证,计算了流场,数值模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

河型发育过程的二维数值模拟研究

改进已有二维平面水沙模型,进一步考虑河床粗化、弯道二次流及河床结构对泥沙输运的影响;并针对河湾形态对崩岸的影响提出新的非粘性土崩岸模拟方法,使其能模拟边滩的形成。利用改进后模型分别对Yen弯道水槽泥沙冲淤试验及Friendkin室内弯曲小河塑造试验进行模拟;模拟结果与试验观测资料吻合较好,表明考虑弯道对泥沙输运及河岸崩塌影响的模型能够更准确反映天然河流演化过程,为研究河型演化机理及各控制因素变化规律提供新手段。     

复式断面明渠弯道水流三维雷诺应力模型数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法研究了复式断面和矩形断面60°弯道明渠的流场结构.自由水面的捕捉采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)法,雷诺时均N-S方程采用雷诺应力模型封闭.对两种断面渠型水力特性的模拟结果进行了比较,结果表明:复式断面弯道明渠在弯道横断面上存在着多涡结构;滩地上的流速大于主槽上的流速;凹岸和凸岸上的自由液面水位差要比矩形断面的小;水流在渠底的横向运动强度要比矩形断面的大;弯道内外侧的压力差也与矩形断面有所不同.     

波浪对水平板冲击作用水气二相流数值模拟研究

冲击波压力是水工结构物的主要致灾动力之一. 针对波浪裹挟气体作用于结构物的波浪冲击问题, 考虑气体的可压缩性对准确计算结构物所承受的冲击波压力具有重要影响. 基于简化的水-气二相流通用控制方程, 结合动量源项造波法, 采用加权本质无振荡(WENO)格式求解对流项, 同时使用以加权线性界面计算法改进的多维双曲线切线法的界面捕捉法(THINC/WLIC)追踪水气界面, 建立了不可压缩-可压缩水-气二相流的数值波浪模型. 首先, 通过将数值模型生成的行进波和驻波结果与其解析解进行比较, 验证了本数值波浪模型在波浪生成和传播模拟方面具有较高的精度. 据此, 本研究将模型应用于模拟规则波对水平板的冲击过程, 将冲击压强的模拟结果与实测数据以及未考虑空气压缩性的模型结果进行了对比, 本数值模型能有效再现空气可压缩性对波浪冲击过程中冲击压强的影响, 能够给出较高精度的冲击压强定性和定量结果. 同时对水平板底部的流场结构进行了分析, 结果显示, 波浪冲击过程中不同的空腔形态会影响流速分布, 从而对冲击压强产生影响.     

柱状颗粒在线性剪切流场中运动的数值模拟研究

柱状颗粒是自然界和工业过程中一种普遍的颗粒形状,它在流场中的运动与球状颗粒有显著区别.论文基于直接力浸入边界法数值模拟了柱状颗粒在线性剪切流中的运动;分析了柱状颗粒周围流场参数分布,获得了作用在颗粒上的力矩变化,明确了由流体曳力和颗粒惯性力相互作用导致颗粒运动的速度和角速度的变化规律,同时考虑了颗粒雷诺数对颗粒运动的影...     

定床弯道内水沙两相运动的数值模拟

在适体同位网格中采用非正交曲线坐标系下的三维k-ε-kp固液两相双流体湍流模型研究弯道内水流和悬浮泥沙运动,主要计算了试验室S型水槽内清水流动的三维流场、120°弯道内水沙两相流动中底沙与底流的运动轨迹以及S型水槽内水沙两相流动的两相流场和泥沙浓度场. 对于S型水槽内清水流动,数值结果与试验结果吻合良好. 120°弯道内水沙两相流动中固液两相的运动轨迹在弯道直线段基本重合,在弯道内泥沙轨迹逐步偏离水体轨迹,其偏离程度随泥沙粒径增大而增大. 从S型水槽内水沙两相流动计算结果中发现泥沙纵向流速在壁面附近比水流纵向速度大,在远离壁面区域比水流纵向速度小;弯道内泥沙横向流速比水流横向流速小;垂向流速在直线段和泥沙沉速相当,在弯道内受螺旋水流影响而变化;两相流速差别随泥沙粒径增大而变大;泥沙浓度呈现下浓上稀的分布,在弯道内横向断面上呈现凸岸大凹岸小的分布,泥沙浓度随泥沙粒径增大而减小.      

Study of the effect of the non-orthogonality for non-staggered grids—the theory

An investigation has been conducted to determine the effect of the grid non-orthogonality on the convergence behavior of two-dimensional lid-driven cavity flows. The relevant theory is presented in this article. In the present work, the contravariant velocity fluxes are used as the dependent variables on non-orthogonal, non-staggered grids. The momentum equations retain a strongly conservative form. Two practices for treating the momentum interpolation method in general curvilinear co-ordinates are presented. In each practice, the momentum interpolation formulations with and without velocity underrelaxation factor are considered. The discretization equations are solved using the SIMPLE, SIMPLEC and SIMPLER algorithms. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

边界拟合坐标系下的差分有限元破开算子法

在边界拟合坐标系下给出耦合了有限差分法和有限单元法的新型的破开算子法.利用该方法,Navier-Stokes方程被分解成对流方程和扩散方程,对流方程采用稳定性好的有限差分法求解,而扩散方程则采用有限单元法求解.由于计算是基于非均匀网格,采用边界加密的51×51网格就达到了前人在计算雷诺数为5000的方腔环流时采用的257×257均匀网格的效果,对于瑞利数Rt=107的竖腔自然对流的计算进一步表明,提出的方法是有效的.对于Re=105的高雷诺数方腔受驱环流,得到了非稳态、非周期的和带有随机特征的流场结构.     

Melting process with solid-liquid density change and natural convection in a rectangular cavity

This paper presents a numerical method that simulates the melting process in the presence of solid-liquid density change and natural convection in the melt. The physical model concerned is two-dimensional melting of a phase-change material, initially at its fusion temperature, charged in a rectangular cavity with isothermally heated side walls and an adiabatic bottom wall. The presence of the density change brings no change into the basic form of governing equation, so it is considered through the reformulation of boundary conditions. Difficulties associated with the complex time-dependent melt region, whose shape is also a part of the solutions, are overcome by employing the boundary-fitted coordinate system. Comparison with other works validates the present numerical model and reveals the effects of density change qualitatively. Also, it is confirmed that the present method is preferable to others with natural convection only. Computed results for interesting cases are shown in forms of transient position of the interface, temperature distribution, flow pattern, heat transfer coefficient, and melting fraction as a function of time. Closer examination on melting patterns allows a correlation to be made between the melting fraction and a new independent variable Ste·Fo·Ra^1/4.     

风暴潮的边界拟合坐标差分法计算

本文给出风暴潮的一个边界拟合坐标差分法计算的模式,算例表明,这一模式的计算结果相当好。此外我们对边界拟合坐标系的生成作了改进,使方法变得更加灵活了。     

Finite volume computation of incompressible turbulent flows in general co-ordinates on staggered grids

A brief review of the computation of incompressible turbulent flow in complex geometries is given. A 2D finite volume method for the calculation of turbulent flow in general curvilinear co-ordinates is described. This method is based on a staggered grid arrangement and the contravariant flux componets are chosen as primitive variables. Turbulence is modelled either by the standard k–ε model or by a k–ε model based on RNG theory. Convection is approximated with central differences for the mean flow quantities and a TVD-type MUSCL scheme for the turbulence equations. The sensitivity of the method to the grid properties is investigated. An application of this method to a complex turbulent flow is presented. The results of computations are compared with experimental data and other numerical solutions and are found to be satisfactory.     

高阶紧致格式求解二维粘性不可压缩复杂流场

提出了一种求解二维不可压缩复杂流场的高精度算法．控制方程为原始变量、压力Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程提法．在任意曲线坐标下,采用四阶紧致格式求解Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程组,时间推进采用交替方向隐式（ＡＤＩ）格式,在非交错网格上用松弛法求解压力Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程．对于复杂的流场,采用了区域分解方法,并在每一时间步对各子域实施松弛迭代使之能精确地反映非定常流场．利用该算法计算了二维受驱空腔流动,弯管流动和垂直平板的突然起动问题．计算结果与实验结果和其他研究者的计算结果相比较吻合良好．对于平板起动流动,成功地模拟了流场中旋涡的生成以及Ｋａｒｍａｎ涡街的形成     

A DEPTH-INTEGRATED 2D COASTAL AND ESTUARINE MODEL WITH CONFORMAL BOUNDARY-FITTED MESH GENERATION

Details are given of the development and application of a 2D depth-integrated, conformal boundary-fitted, curvilinear model for predicting the depth-mean velocity field and the spatial concentration distribution in estuarine and coastal waters. A numerical method for conformal mesh generation, based on a boundary integral equation formulation, has been developed. By this method a general polygonal region with curved edges can be mapped onto a regular polygonal region with the same number of horizontal and vertical straight edges and a multiply connected region can be mapped onto a regular region with the same connectivity. A stretching transformation on the conformally generated mesh has also been used to provide greater detail where it is needed close to the coast, with larger mesh sizes further offshore, thereby minimizing the computing effort whilst maximizing accuracy. The curvilinear hydrodynamic and solute model has been developed based on a robust rectilinear model. The hydrodynamic equations are approximated using the ADI finite difference scheme with a staggered grid and the solute transport equation is approximated using a modified QUICK scheme. Three numerical examples have been chosen to test the curvilinear model, with an emphasis placed on complex practical applications.