松辽盆地南部青山口组一段页岩油富集地质特征及资源潜力

松辽盆地南部长岭凹陷青一段发育一套优质的半深湖-深湖相暗色页岩,沉积厚度大,分布稳定.页岩层系内存在大量滞留烃,具有可观的页岩油资源潜力.利用大量录井、测井、试油、岩心及分析测试资料,对青一段页岩滞留烃含量及分布、岩相组合、储集空间、矿物组成等富集主控因素进行了全面分析.结果表明,青一段页岩中滞留烃性质以中-轻质油为主,流动性好,在纵向上主要富集在1800~2500 m范围内.青一段页岩可划分为层理型、纹层型、互层型3种岩相类型,其中层理型和纹层型滞留烃含量高,TOC主体大于1.5%,有机质类型以Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型为主,热解S1主体大于2×10-3,孔隙度大于5.5%,孔径以介孔-宏孔为主,脆性矿物含量大于50%,可压性好,是主要的页岩油富集模式.通过富集主控因素叠合及有利岩相评价,优选乾安富集区部署实施吉页油1HF井,经压裂测试获得16.4 m3/d的高产页岩油流.采用热解S1法初步估算长岭凹陷青一段页岩油资源量为35×108 t,证实了松辽盆地南部具有可观的页岩油资源潜力.     

松辽盆地东南隆起区青山口组一段泥页岩地球化学特征及地质意义

松辽盆地青山口组一段主要为暗色泥岩,并发育多层品质较好的油页岩。对盆地东南隆起区NGN1井泥岩系统取样测试,地球化学分析结果显示:w(Si O2)为44.88%~57.75%,w(K2O)一般比w(Na2O)高,w(Mg O+Fe2OT3)为4.5%~10.01%,表明泥岩中含有较多的含钾矿物和一定的铁镁质成分。样品微量元素PAAS标准化配分曲线显示样品中元素富集、亏损均呈现基本一致的趋势,表明泥岩沉积时期存在一种主要物源。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后呈现出明显的右倾趋势和Eu的负异常,显示物源来自上地壳。泥岩CIA指数为48~62,Th/U值大都集中在1.48~4,表明泥岩源区经历了低等的风化作用;Th/Sc--Zr/Sc图解显示泥岩中的沉积碎屑没有经历沉积再循环,受原岩成分控制,表明地球化学数据可以进行物源类型和构造环境判断。根据原岩和构造背景判别图解,松辽盆地东南隆起区青一段泥岩物源主要为中—晚侏罗世中酸性喷发岩,并混有海西期和燕山期花岗岩;原岩的构造背景为大陆边缘造山运动形成的大陆岛弧。     

松辽盆地北部白垩系青山口组不同赋存状态页岩油特征

通过对松辽盆地北部青山口组15个湖相页岩样品进行岩石矿物学、有机地球化学和储集空间特征分析,综合运用XRD、热解、分步热解、分步抽提和分步核磁测试等实验方法,以表征青山口组不同赋存状态页岩油含量、组成和分布特征,进一步探讨了滞留烃含量评价、生产潜力以及勘探制约因素与建议。此次研究得到以下认识：① 青山口组矿物组成较为均一,岩性主要为黏土质页岩,但以伊利石为主的黏土矿物特征有利于储层的压裂。有机质分布较为均一,TOC平均值为2. 41%。含油性好,油质轻、饱和烃含量和含油饱和度指数(OSI)高。② 页岩油的赋存状态被定义为在冷抽提和索氏抽提条件下从不同粒度中提取的游离油、游离- 吸附油和吸附油。游离油主要以轻质组分为主,吸附油的重质组分增多,较大孔隙以游离油为主,吸附油绝大部分分布在较小孔隙中。游离油与吸附油化学组成的变化,也揭示了石油排出微运移过程中的组分分馏效应,运移后的石油具有更高的饱和烃+芳烃含量、更小的分子量和更低的Pr/n- C17、Ph/n- C18值,指示更大的流动可能。③ 青山口组油质相对优越,但相对较高的黏土矿物含量是研究层段生产需要关注的制约因素。页岩油微运移后指示更大的生产可能,在该区未来一段时间勘探过程中可以尝试寻找油气运移汇聚区。     

陆相湖盆深水块体搬运体优质储层的主控因素以松辽盆地英台地区青山口组为例

深水储层已成为增储上产的重要领域,传统观点认为此类储层物性差,但近年来的勘探实践表明,陆相湖盆深水块体搬运体可形成优质储层,其储层物性甚至优于三角洲前缘.以岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、实测孔隙度、地层水有机酸含量、地层超压等资料为基础,对松辽盆地青山口组深水块体搬运体优质储层的主控因素进行了分析.分析认为青山口组深水块体搬运砂岩为高结构成熟度的岩屑长石砂岩,储集空间主要包括原生粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔,碎屑颗粒以点接触为主,方解石胶结物和石英次生加大现象少见.深水块体搬运优质砂岩储层的发育主要受沉积作用和超压旋回的控制.块体搬运作用是形成优质储层的基础,使其继承了三角洲前缘高能环境砂岩的原始孔渗特征;超压抑制破坏性成岩作用是核心,使原始孔隙得以保存、胶结物含量少;有机酸溶蚀是补充,促进次生孔隙发育.青山口组深水块体搬运砂岩呈透镜状分布于源岩内部且具有良好的物性,是有利的勘探目标.     

松辽盆地北部上白垩统青山口组一段页岩油战略调查成果综述

松辽盆地北部上白垩统青山口组一段页岩油资源丰富,以往的勘探目的层主要是泥页岩裂缝、泥页岩中夹的薄砂条和介形虫层,受目的层分布范围限制,页岩油勘探效果一直不理想.本次调查以盆地内广泛发育的泥页岩储层为重点,创新了陆相盆地泥页岩储层页岩油地质认识,形成了泥页岩储层页岩油勘查技术体系.部署实施的松页油1井、松页油2井和松页油...     

松辽盆地三肇凹陷青山口组页岩油地震甜点预测方法及应用

松辽盆地三肇凹陷上白垩统青山口组一段泥页岩油气资源丰富.为了厘清该区页岩油甜点分布,指导参数井部署,在单井甜点关键参数测井评价的基础上,利用三维地震数据,井震结合开展甜点预测方法研究.首先利用测井资料、岩心实验分析数据交汇分析,建立岩性、物性(孔隙度、渗透率)、含油性(饱和度)、有机地化参数(TOC、S1)、地层孔隙压...     

松辽盆地三肇凹陷青山口组一段泥页岩岩石学特征及岩相划分——以松页油3井为例

以松辽盆地三肇凹陷松页油3井青山口组一段泥页岩为例,对其沉积构造、有机质丰度及矿物组成等岩石学特征关系进行研究.结果表明,三肇凹陷青一段泥页岩发育块状构造和纹层状构造两种沉积构造;TOC含量介于0.50％～6.82％,平均值为3.16％,S1+S2介于2.01×10-3～49.41×10-3,平均值为23.02×10-...     

松南上白垩统青山口组一段不同赋存状态页岩油定量评价

松辽盆地南部青山口组一段页岩油资源丰富,多口井试油获得工业及高产油流,具有较大的勘探开发潜力。本文以青山口组一段下段为研究对象,以页岩油赋存状态为切入点,重点针对研究区页岩油富集优质岩相,即高有机质薄片状页岩和中有机质纹层状页岩中溶胀油、吸附油以及游离油量进行定量评价,揭示页岩油在地下页岩层系储层中的赋存特征。青山口组一段页岩油主要以干酪根溶胀态、干酪根吸附态、有机质孔隙游离态、无机矿物吸附态及无机孔隙游离态等5种赋存形式存在于页岩层系储层中。其中：高有机质薄片状页岩中页岩油赋存状态以干酪根溶胀油、干酪根吸附油和有机质孔隙游离油等有机赋存油为主,有机赋存油量可高达253.0 mg/g TOC,以TY1井页岩油赋存量最大,其次为CY8井,H238井页岩油量最低;中有机质纹层状页岩中页岩油赋存状态以无机矿物吸附油、无机孔隙游离油等无机赋存油为主,可达167.0 mg/g TOC,CY8井页岩油赋存量最大,H258井次之,H238井页岩油量最低。TY1井、CY8井位于半深湖—深湖区,发育大套泥页岩;H238井位于三角洲外前缘,离物源区较近,导致其页岩油赋存量明显低于半深湖—深湖区。因此,沉积环境是导致不同工区页岩油赋存量差异的主要原因。     

松辽盆地北部上白垩统青山口组泥岩特征及页岩油有利区优选

以松辽盆地北部为研究区域,以上白垩统青山口组一、二段泥岩为研究对象,通过国内外页岩油研究资料收集整理分析、典型井岩心观察、样品测试数据分析等,对研究区青山口组一、二段泥岩的岩性、物性、电性、含油气性、烃源岩、脆性及地应力特征七方面页岩油评价参数进行了研究,结果表明,松辽盆地北部上白垩统青山口组一、二段具有页岩油发育的有利石油地质条件,其中古龙凹陷为页岩油的有利区,具有良好的勘探前景。     

湖相泥页岩基质储层直井压裂选层方法研究——以松辽盆地三肇凹陷松页油3井为例

湖相泥页岩基质储层是中国页岩油赋存的主要载体, 相对于夹层型和裂缝型储层更难被压裂改造和实现工业开发, 因而压裂层位的选择至关重要. 本文以松辽盆地三肇凹陷松页油3井为例, 建立了一套湖相泥页岩基质储层直井压裂选层方法. 通过录井、测井解释优选出青山口组一段中的Ⅰ类页岩油层, 对Ⅰ类页岩油层的电性、物性、含油气性、烃源岩性、脆性、可压性6项指标进行综合分析, 基于上述6项指标, 利用层次分析法对所有Ⅰ类页岩油层进行综合排序, 确定了27、25和23号层为最有利页岩油层. 松页油3井针对上述页岩油层进行了压裂试油, 实现了三肇凹陷页岩油工业油流突破, 证实选层方法可行有效, 可推广应用于湖相基质型页岩油的甜点层优选和水平井部署.     

吉林省松辽盆地白垩系下统青山口组油页岩沉积特征

吉林省松辽盆地白垩系下统青山口组一段是油页岩的含矿层位,形成时为松辽盆地的坳陷期,油页岩是盆地两次最大湖泛期的产物,盆地内油页岩属于典型的深湖相成因。     

松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组缺氧事件层的地质地球化学特征

松辽盆地白垩系青山口组下部广泛分布一套富含有机碳的黑色泥岩、页岩沉积,是全盆地地层划分对比的一级标志。茂206井是中国白垩纪大陆科学钻探工程井,全井获取了青山口组497.02 m的岩心资料。茂206井青山口组具有相对高的有机碳、干酪根碳同位素正偏、重排甾烷含量低以及普遍存在伽马蜡烷生物标志化合物等有机地球化学特征,表征为白垩纪温室效应时间窗内古湖泊缺氧事件的产物。结合生物地层研究成果,认为青山口期缺氧事件层大体可与白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian-Turonian界线事件层进行对比,进一步证实了青山口组的地质时代属晚白垩世晚Cenomanian-Turonian期的观点。     

Characterizing the Micropores in Lacustrine Shales of the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of Southern Songliao Basin, NE China

Micropores of shale are significant to the gas content and production potential of shale, which has been verified in the research of marine shale gas; while, few studies have been conducted on lacustrine shales. This study collected 42 samples from three wells in the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of the southern Songliao Basin, NE China, and investigated these samples by the focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB–SEM) and nitrogen adsorption analysis techniques. Four types of micropores were identified in the samples, i.e., intergranular pore, intracellular pore, organic matter pore and microfracture. The pore structure type is characterized by open slit pores and “ink type” pores which are mainly 1.5–5 nm in diameter with mesopores as the main pores. The mesopores account for 74.01% of the pore volume and 54.68% of the pore surface area. Compared with the lacustrine shales from the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin and Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin, the intergranular clay mineral interlayer pores are considered to be the main reservoir space for shale gas storage in the study area, followed by intraparticle pores, organic matter pores and microfractures. Maturity and micropore are the key controlling factors which affect the shale gas content of the Qingshankou Formation in southern Songliao Basin.     

Characterization of a Lacustrine Shale Reservoir and the Evolution of its Nanopores: A Case Study of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,Northeastern China

The Songliao Basin is one of the most important petroliferous basins in northern China. With a recent gradual decline in conventional oil production in the basin, the exploration and development of unconventional resources are becoming increasingly urgent. The Qingshankou Formation consists of typical Upper Cretaceous continental strata, and represents a promising and practical replacement resource for shale oil in the Songliao Basin. Previous studies have shown that low-mature to mature Qingshankou shale mainly preserves type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ1 organic matter, with relatively high total organic carbon(TOC) content. It is estimated that there is a great potential to explore for shale oil resources in the Qingshankou Formation in this basin. However, not enough systematic research has been conducted on pore characteristics and their main controlling factors in this lacustrine shale reservoir. In this study, 19 Qingshankou shales from two wells drilled in the study area were tested and analyzed for mineral composition, pore distribution and feature evolution using Xray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption(N2-GA), and thermal simulation experiments. The XRD results show that clay, quartz, and feldspar are the dominant mineral constituents of Qingshankou shale. The clay minerals are mostly illite/smectite mixed layers with a mean content of 83.5%, followed by illite, chlorite, and kaolinite. There are abundant deposits of clay-rich shale in the Qingshankou Formation in the study area, within which many mineral and organic matter pores were observed using SEM. Mineral pores contribute the most to shale porosity;specifically, clay mineral pores and carbonate pores comprise most of the mineral pores in the shale. Among the three types of organic matter pores, type B is more dominant the other two. Pores with diameters greater than 10 nm supply the main pore volume;most are half-open slits and wedge-shaped pores. The total pore volume had no obvious linear relationship with TOC content, but had some degree of positive correlation with the content of quartz + feldspar and clay minerals respectively. However, it was negatively correlated with carbonate mineral content. The specific surface area of the pores is negatively related to TOC content, average pore diameter, and carbonate mineral content. Moreover, it had a somewhat positive correlation with clay mineral content and no clear linear relationship with the content of quartz + feldspar. With increases in maturity, there was also an increase in the number of carbonate mineral dissolution pores and organic matter pores, average pore diameter, and pore volume, whereas there was a decrease in specific surface area of the pores. Generally, the Qingshankou shale is at a low-mature to mature stage with a TOC content of more than 1.0%, and could be as thick as 250 m in the study area. Pores with diameters of more than 10 nm are well-developed in the shale. This research illustrates that there are favorable conditions for shale oil occurrence and enrichment in the Qingshankou shale in the study area.     

松辽盆地东南隆起区JFD6井1000m以深白垩系青山口组油页岩特征

松辽盆地油页岩资源极其丰富,JFD6井位于松辽盆地东南隆起区,哈拉海向斜内。通过录井资料,测试分析及测井解释,对该井青山口组油页岩的基本特征进行了分析研究。结果显示青山口组一段油页岩质量较好,含油率属于低—中等级,而且为低硫油页岩。表明在未来油页岩开发利用中,对周围环境的污染程度较低。     

An Improved Method for Evaluating Hydrocarbon Generation of Shale: A Case Study of the Lower Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation Shale in the Songliao Basin

Because of the influence of hydrocarbons, especially adsorbed hydrocarbons, on the detection of cracked hydrocarbon (S2) and total organic carbon (TOC), the hydrogen index (HI)-based hydrocarbon generation model deviates from actual practice. In this study, the shale in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the central depression of the Songliao Basin, where in northeastern China, was taken as the research object and a correction method for S2 and TOC was established. By correcting the experimental results of different maturity samples, the actual hydrocarbon generation model has been revealed, the differences before and after correction compared, and the evolutionary characteristics of the adsorbed hydrocarbon content were clarified. The results show that the organic matter enters the hydrocarbon generation threshold at Ro–0.5% and reaches the hydrocarbon generation peak at Ro–1.0% and that the hydrocarbon generation process ends at Ro–1.3%. The hydrocarbon generation model established based on the measured values has a ‘lag effect’ compared to actual values, and this extends the hydrocarbon generation window of organic matter and delays the hydrocarbon generation peak. With the increase of maturity, adsorbed hydrocarbon content shows the characteristics of ‘first increasing, then stabilizing, and then decreasing’, and reaches the most abundant stage at Ro of 0.9%–1.3%.     

Ostracod Biostratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin

An ostracod biostratigraphic study was performed on 425 samples from the composite geological section constructed by using cores taken from five selected wells drilled in the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao basin.A total of 19 ostracod zones are established in the formation,of which 3 are newly established and 3 are revised.The 19 ostracod zones are described in detail.This study provides a basis for the detailed stratigraphic division and correlation of the Qingshankou Formation and the Gaotaizi oil reservoir in the oilfield in the Songliao basin.     

松辽盆地南部青山口组湖相风暴沉积

用岩心观察、粒度分析、薄片鉴定等方法,研究了松辽盆地南部青山口组湖相风暴沉积。结果表明,本区风暴沉积具有:a.丘状交错层理、冲刷面、渠模、截切构造、泄水构造及生物扰动成因等沉积构造;b.以跳跃总体为主、悬浮总体不发育的粒度特征;c.典型的“似鲍玛序列”。风暴沉积物源来自于西部斜坡区的(扇)三角洲及滨浅湖滩坝沉积,按其沉积特征及与物源的关系,又可进一步分为原地风暴岩和异地风暴岩。     

松辽盆地东南隆起区JFD1井上白垩统青山口组一段油页岩品质特征

本文以松辽盆地东南隆起区JFD1井为研究基础,通过岩心观察、样品测试等方法对上白垩统青山口组一段油页岩进行评价。研究分析表明:JFD1井青山口组一段共发育4层油页岩,最低含油率为3.5%,较高含油率为9.2%,个别样品含油率高达11%,整体为中-低品质油页岩,单层最大厚度可达7.4 m,累计厚度为20 m,全硫含量范围0.85%~1.93%,平均值为1.18%,属于特低硫-低硫油页岩。油页岩段含油率与小体积质量、灰分、挥发分显示一定的负相关性,与总有机碳含量TOC呈现明显的正相关性,可以作为油页岩评价的替代指标。对青山口组一段的测井曲线分析显示,油页岩段较非油页岩段具有明显的高自然伽马、高电阻率、高声波时差和低密度的特点,可以作为间接识别油页岩的参考手段。