TC4钛合金激光焊接头微观组织和硬度

采用光学显微镜和场发射扫描电镜观察了TC4钛合金激光焊接接头的显微组织,测量了接头焊缝中心到母材的显微硬度。结果表明,母材由α相和其相界上断续分布的粒状β相组成。焊接接头组织由粗大等轴晶区、柱状晶区、细等轴晶区和热影响区过热组织组成。粗大等轴晶区组织形态有层片状α+β、魏氏体α和网篮状α+β3种,其显微硬度略低于柱状晶区和细等轴晶区,但比母材高;柱状晶区和细等轴晶区组织为针状马氏体,柱状晶区显微硬度相对较高。热影响区显微硬度与母材相差不大。     

超高强度钢40CrNi2Si2MoVA激光焊接组织和性能研究

为了改善超高强度钢40CrNi2Si2MoVA的焊接性能,采用CO2激光对其进行了焊接处理。利用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、电子万能试验机、电子扫描显微镜和X射线应力测定仪等对焊接接头的显微组织、硬度、拉伸强度、拉伸断口和残余应力进行了研究。结果表明,焊缝中心区组织为等轴晶,近中心区为小柱状晶,边缘区为柱状树枝晶与粗大柱状晶,熔合区为柱状晶、胞状晶。热影响区(HAZ)主要组织为板条马氏体、岛状马氏体、贝氏体及少量残余奥氏体;焊缝区平均硬度595HV,硬度最大值在HAZ,其值为637HV;从HAZ到基材硬度值下降显著;接头拉伸断裂部位发生在靠近焊缝基材区,拉伸断口为韧窝断口,其抗拉强度值和母材拉伸强度值相当,平均值为1607.8MPa,接头冲击韧度为54.5J/cm2;从焊缝中心区到基材区,焊接残余应力先增大,后减小,变化显著。     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金TIG焊工艺及接头组织与性能分析

采用Cu-Cr-Zr焊丝对Cu-Cr-Zr合金进行TIG焊试验研究。并通过扫描电镜、能谱分析等观察分析焊接接头的显微组织,并研究焊接接头硬度和导电率的变化规律。研究结果表明,在适当的焊接工艺下可以对Cu-Cr-Zr合金实施TIG焊,焊接接头成形良好。焊缝中心为粗大等轴晶,熔合区为粗大柱状晶组织,热影响区晶粒粗化,粒状Cu-Cr、Cu-Cr-Zr化合物在焊缝及熔合区的晶界及晶内析出。与母材相比,焊接接头的导电率和硬度下降,其中熔合区弱化最明显。     

厚板TC4钛合金电子束焊接头组织和力学性能研究

对30 mm厚TC4钛合金进行电子束焊接试验,通过金相分析以及显微硬度测试对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,TC4钛合金母材由等轴α以及部分β转变组织组成,焊缝区组织在纵向上具有不均匀性。焊缝顶部β柱状晶粗大,沿熔合线向顶部生长,中部和下部柱状晶相对较小,垂直熔合线向焊缝中心对称竞相生长。β晶粒内部微观组织为针状马氏体,马氏体尺寸从焊缝顶部到底部逐渐减小。热影响区显微组织为等轴初生α相和α'针状马氏体,以及未完全转变的β相。焊缝区和热影响区显微硬度值高于母材;在焊缝区纵向上,顶部显微硬度值为340 HV,随着距离焊缝顶部距离的增加,硬度值显著增大,最大值为435 HV。     

超塑成形TC4薄板激光焊接头组织及性能研究

对1mm厚Ti6A14V钛合金薄板进行了激光焊接工艺试验,研究结果表明:激光焊配合修饰焊工艺获得成形均匀和质量良好的接头,且焊缝内部无气孔、裂纹等缺陷。接头焊缝区组织以针状α′马氏体相为主,热影响区组织分为粗晶区和细晶区,粗晶区包含较多的针状马氏体,细晶区则为板条状α相+少量针状马氏体;接头硬度由母材区到焊缝区呈逐渐增高趋势,焊缝区显微硬度最高,为371 HV。薄板TC4钛合金激光焊接头拉伸强度与基材相当,断后伸长率略低于母材,接头横弯弯曲角度略低于母材,弯曲断裂于母材侧。     

TC11高强钛合金激光焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能

采用光纤激光进行TC11钛合金对接焊接,分析焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,TC11钛合金焊缝为α′马氏体组织,从母材至熔合线组织由α+β逐渐向α′转变;随着热输入量的增加,焊缝柱状晶尺寸变大,马氏体分布更加密集交错,同时热影响区宽度增加,粗晶区晶粒尺寸变大;2 mm厚TC11钛合金在焊接速度2.0m/min、激光功率2.8~3.2 k W的工艺参数下得到的焊缝成形良好;焊缝硬度高于母材硬度,并随热输入量的增加而增大;焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的97%以上,塑性明显下降,低于母材的50%,焊缝断口形貌为低塑性沿晶断裂特征。     

节点构造中1Cr17Mn6Ni5N不锈钢等离子弧焊接接头的组织与性能

利用等离子弧对节点构造中的1Cr17Mn6Ni5N含氮不锈钢进行焊接,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜分析了其焊缝、热影响区的显微组织,用显微硬度计测试了接头的显微硬度。结果表明,采用等离子弧焊接方法对不锈钢焊接,可以获得均匀光滑无裂纹的焊缝;焊缝组织主要是奥氏体及沿柱状晶分布的δ-铁素体,奥氏体晶粒内部有ε-马氏体;在热影响区析出碳化物及在晶粒内部产生ε-马氏体相变,且靠近熔合线的母材的一些晶粒内部及热影响区中出现少量孪晶;母材、熔合区、焊缝金属区的显微硬度值分别为190、210、292HV0.2。     

不同焊丝对喷射成形7055铝合金焊缝组织与力学性能的影响

对用喷射成形工艺制备的7055铝合金采用不同焊丝进行MIG焊焊接试验,对焊接接头组织和力学性能进行了研究。试验结果表明:ER4043焊丝焊接接头硬度为200 HV,接头抗拉强度为145 MPa,伸长率为2.23%;焊接接头主要以等轴晶为主,焊缝区为等轴晶和树枝状晶,熔合区和热影响区主要为等轴晶组织,断口为解理断裂。ER5356焊丝焊接接头硬度为90 HV,接头抗拉强度为190 MPa,伸长率为2.92%;焊接接头主要以柱状晶为主,焊缝区、熔合区主要为柱状晶组织,热影响区为粗大的等轴晶,断口为疲劳断裂形式。     

TC4钛合金激光-MIG复合焊接头组织性能

采用激光-MIG复合焊接方法实现了3 mm厚TC4钛合金的焊接,并研究了焊接接头的组织特征、硬度分布、拉伸性能和耐蚀性能。研究结果表明：激光-MIG复合焊接可以实现TC4钛合金的高质量焊接,焊缝成形良好,无明显缺陷;焊缝中心为粗大的β相柱状晶,晶内为细小的针状α′马氏体;热影响区主要为等轴状的α相+β相+α′马氏体,随着远离熔合线,晶粒越来越细且α′马氏体含量越少;焊缝区硬度最高、热影响区硬度次之,母材区硬度最低,且热影响区粗晶区硬度高于细晶区硬度;焊接接头平均抗拉强度为1 069 MPa,平均断后伸长率为5.3%,试样均断裂在靠近热影响区的母材区域,断口呈现塑性断裂特征,同时焊接接头的耐蚀性能略高于母材。     

20CrMnSi低合金钢激光焊接头的组织与力学性能

在一定焊接参数下,利用氩气做保护气对20CrMnSi钢进行激光焊接,用光学显微镜观察了焊接接头的微观组织,用维氏硬度计测量了焊接接头的显微硬度。结果表明,焊接接头成形良好;焊缝组织为板条状马氏体,中心为细小的等轴晶,边缘为细小的柱状晶;过热区为马氏体和少量的珠光体,不完全正火区为马氏体与铁素体的混合组织;焊接接头的硬度分布不均匀,焊缝的硬度较母材的硬度高,焊缝边缘的硬度比焊缝中心的硬度高。     

新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金TIG焊接头组织与性能研究

本文对一种Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn-Zr-Er合金薄板进行了全自动TIG填丝焊接,观察接头微观组织形貌,并测试其力学性能。结果显示焊缝未出现典型的联生结晶形貌,而是由等轴细晶粒层和大量等轴树枝晶构成,在晶界或枝晶间断续分布复合T（AlZnMgCu）相;焊接热影响区因沉淀相变化,硬度值不同,分为近缝的固溶区和远缝的过时效区,晶粒保持与母材相同的拉长形貌,未见明显长大;接头横截面的显微硬度最低值在焊缝,约为120HV,母材显微硬度约为184HV,接头抗拉强度为421.75MPa,达到母材的65.08%,拉伸断裂位置处于焊缝中,断口形貌为典型的韧性断裂,等轴韧窝底部存在破碎的第二相颗粒,其成分与焊缝中复合T相基本一致。     

Characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-lithium Alloy by YAG-MIG Hybrid Welding

The characteristics of 5A90 Aluminum-Lithium alloy by YAG laser and MIG arc hybrid welding (Hybrid welding) were studied.Compared with the laser beam welding (LBW),the hybrid welding could not only improve the weld appearance significantly,but also have better engineering compatibility.The obvious microstructure characteristics of joint by the hybrid welding are fine-grained layer near fusion-line and the equiaxed grain in most area of welded seam.The subgrains of the equiaxed grains,located in the weld center,tend to coarse from bottom to top of weld joint.The microhardness of welded seam by the hybrid welding (83.57HV0.2) is lower than that by LBW (95.65HV0.2),but the uniformity of the former is better than that of the latter.The ultimate strength and the elongations after fracture of the joint by the hybrid welding are lower than that by LBW.The tensile fracture always occurs in HAZ or weld centerline,and the fractography presents mixture rupture.Therefore,if the combined mechanical properties of joint by the hybrid welding meet the operation requirements,it should be improved by reasonable artificial aging or heat treatment after welding,and it also should develop a better filler wire matched with the base metal.     

130mm铝合金扫描激光填丝焊接头微区组织和性能

针对船用130 mm 5A06铝合金厚壁结构件的扫描激光填丝焊接头,对其焊缝（weld metal,WM）、热影响区（heat affected zone,HAZ）及母材（base metal,BM）的显微组织进行研究,并通过维氏硬度和微型剪切试验研究了接头各区力学性能差异.结果表明,5A06铝合金单激光焊缝以等轴晶为主,填丝焊焊缝以柱状晶为主,HAZ和BM晶粒比WM粗,母材及热影响区为轧制的纤维状组织;由于焊接热循环作用,接头热影响区硬度略高于母材,抗剪强度二者差别不大,单激光焊缝硬度和抗剪强度略高于填丝层.总体而言,焊缝区强度低塑性好,母材及热影响区强度高塑性低.     

A Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties for the Autogenous Single-Pass Butt Weldment of a Ferritic/Martensitic Steel Using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

A 12%Cr ferritic/martensitic steel,HT-9,has been used as a primary core material for nuclear reactors.The microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc butt welded joints of HT-9 in as-welded,and as-tempered conditions have been explored.In as-welded condition,the fusion zone (FZ) contained a fresh martensite matrix with delta (δ)-ferrite.Theδ-ferrite was rich in Cr and depleted in C compared with the matrix.The heat-aff ected zone (HAZ) could be divided into three areas as the distance from the fusion line increased:δ-ferrite/martensite duplex zone,fully recrystallized zone,and partly recrystallized zone.Prior austenitic grains did not coarsen in theδ-ferrite/martensite duplex zone due to the newly nucleatedδ-ferrite grains and incompletely ferritizing (δ-ferrite) during the welding thermal cycle.The weldment microhardness distributed heterogeneously with values above 600 HV _(1.0 )in the HAZ and FZ and 250 HV _(1.0 )in the base metal (BM).Solute C in the matrix,induced by the dissolution of carbide during the welding process,dominated the microhardness variation.Low toughness was observed in the FZ with a quasi-cleavage fracture tested from-80 to 20℃.The tensile fracture occurred in the relatively soft BM tested from 20 to 600℃.In as-tempered condition (760℃ for 1 h),M _(23 )C _6-type carbides precipitated within the martensitic laths,the lath boundaries,and theδ-ferrite/martensite interfaces.Moreover,V,Cr,Mo-rich nitrides with very small size also precipitated in theδ-ferrite/martensite interface.The tempering treatment improved the homogenous distribution of weldment hardness significantly.Tensile fracture still occurred in the BM of the weldment specimens tested from 20 to 600℃.The impact toughness improved significantly,but the ductile–brittle transaction temperature was-12℃ which was higher than that of the normalized and tempered (NT) BM.δ-ferrite was considered to be one of the major factors aggravating the impact toughness in the FZ.     

高铌TiAl/Ti600合金电子束焊接头组织与性能

对高铌TiAl/Ti600合金进行了电子束焊接试验以便对高温钛合金与高铌TiAl合金高质焊接提供理论及试验依据,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪等设备对焊接试样进行了分析.结果表明,高铌TiAl/Ti600接头极易产生裂纹缺陷.接头焊缝主要形成细针状α₂-Ti₃Al相及α-Ti相,而高铌TiAl侧热影响区呈现板条状及等轴组织形貌,Ti600侧热影响区为针状α'相.接头焊缝区硬度最大,达到586 HV,Ti600侧向高铌TiAl侧过渡过程中硬度逐渐增大,由焊缝到两侧热影响区硬度过渡梯度较大.高铌TiAl/Ti600电子束焊接头室温抗拉强度可达516 MPa,且接头断裂于偏高铌TiAl侧焊缝区,断裂性质为典型的脆性解理断裂,呈现穿晶断裂特征.     

热输入对双光束激光焊接Ti-6Al-4V合金T型接头焊接过程、焊缝成形、组织及力学性能的影响

采用双光束同步激光填丝焊接的方法制备了Ti-6Al-4V合金T型接头,使用高速摄像机拍摄了焊接过程图像并研究了热输入对焊接过程稳定性、焊缝成形、组织及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,热输入显著影响熔池行为和填丝焊接熔滴过渡,进而影响T型接头焊缝形貌及质量。随着热输入的增加,T型接头组织发生变化,晶粒尺寸变大。热影响区及焊缝处的马氏体使得这2个区域的显微硬度高于母材。另外,沿蒙皮方向及筋条方向的抗拉伸强度随着热输入的增加而增大。由于接头处马氏体增强作用,拉伸断裂均发生于母材处。     

Structure and mechanical property of TC17 linear friction welding joint

TC17 titanium alloy which usually used on the fan and compressor disk were selected. Microstructure and mechanical property of joint were investigated. Microstructure character of different part of joint was analyzed also. Results showed that the joints included three zones, base metal(BM), thermal mechanical affected zone(TMAZ) and weld zone(WZ). The microstructure of joint middle part was equiaxial grains, but the bottom part was the elongated grains. Dynamic recrystallation happened at the weld zone. Tensile test result showed that joint tensile strength equal to that of the TC17 base metal. The average hardness value of the HAZ was 486 HV which was higher than that in the BM and WZ.     

Transformation behavior of shock-compressed Ni48Ti52

The transformation behavior on shock-loaded Ni₄₈Ti₅₂ has been studied by employing a differential scanning calorimeter in order to reveal residual effects of shock treatment in the thermoelastic martensitic transformation of Ni₄₈Ti₅₂, exhibiting a shape memory effect between a high temperature phase and a low temperature phase. The shock treatment of Ni₄₈Ti₅₂ was performed by a flyer plate impact method with the flyer velocity of 1.2 km s⁻¹. The height of the exothermic and endothermic peaks due to the transformation of shock-treated Ni₄₈Ti₅₂ become small and their temperature regions are expanded. Although the increase of the number of the thermal cycles induces no intermediate phase on Ni₄₈Ti₅₂ before the shock treatment to result in a one-step transformation, a three-step transformation is observed after annealing at an appropriate temperature on the shock-treated Ni₄₈Ti₅₂, which correspond to the appearance of two intermediate phases. The shock treatment increases non-chemical free energy such as strain energy and interfacial energy of a phase boundary, which is attributable to the microstructure of shock-induced dislocations and an increase of the disorder in the lattice of ordered Ni₄₈Ti₅₂, resulting in the three-step transformation. Therefore, it is thought that the shock treatment can make it possible to achieve a new state on NiTi.     

TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及性能

文中针对航空发动机风扇及压气机盘TC17钛合金材料,开展了接头组织分析、拉伸性能测试及硬度测试,分析了接头不同部位组织特征及形成原因.结果表明,接头明显分为母材区（BM）、热力影响区（TMAZ）和焊合区（WZ）,焊接接头中部热力影响区的组织表现为等轴晶粒,而靠近焊缝边缘处热力影响区的晶粒表现为沿着受力方向被拉长,焊合区发生了动态再结晶;接头的拉伸性能与母材相当;接头热力影响区的硬度高于母材和焊合区,平均硬度为486 HV.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pulsed Laser Beam Welded Ti-2Al-1.5Mn Titanium Alloy Joints

The microstructure and mechanical properties in the pulsed laser beam welded joints of Ti-2Al-1.5Mn titanium alloy thin sheet were investigated in this study. The results show that the original α + β-phases and the transformed α + α′-phases are found in the partially transformed heat-affected zone (HAZ) together with the remaining β-phase, and the microhardness gradually enhances in the region as the result of the increase of α′-phase. The martensitic α′-phase and the remaining β-phase are detected in the fully transformed HAZ and the fusion zone (FZ), and the highest microhardness is found in these regions in virtue of the dominant α′-phase structure. The fine α′-phase appeared in the FZ results in higher average microhardness at high welding speed. Moreover, similar to the results of microhardness test, the tensile test results mean that the HAZ and FZ are stronger than the base metal (BM). Therefore, pulsed laser beam welding is feasible for joining thin sheet of Ti-2Al-1.5Mn titanium alloy.