GDL-1型高强韧贝氏体钢的不可逆回火脆性

本文研究了GDL-1型高强韧性贝氏体钢,在空冷状态下的回火冲击性能变化以及对应的显微组织和断口金相特征.结果表明,该钢经920 ℃加热空冷后获得条束状过渡形态的贝氏体加少量岛状贝氏体组织.在400 ℃～600 ℃的温度回火,分布于BF条束间的亚稳态残留奥氏体开始大量分解形成沿条束界连续分布的碳化物,在BF条内的高密度位错区也诱导析出碳化物,导致在条束界产生高应力集中而引发准解理和解理开裂,出现不可逆回火脆性,冲击能量显著降低.由于钢中的Si和Mn在原奥氏体晶界偏聚,抑制碳化物析出.在原奥氏体晶界未能沉淀出连续分布的碳化物,因此未见沿晶解理开裂特征,对应的断口金相呈条形准解理和解理的特征,其尺寸分别与BF条和束尺寸相吻合.该材料的不可逆回火脆性出现的温度范围与大多数合金结构钢相比提高约200 ℃.     

Q&P1180高强钢激光焊接头的抗氢脆性能研究

采用激光焊技术对汽车用Q&P1180高强钢进行焊接试验,分析焊接工艺参数对激光焊接头组织演变和性能的影响。选择综合力学性能较好的试样进行低应变速率拉伸试验,研究激光焊接头不同区域的微观组织对Q&P1180高强钢氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明,当激光功率为2.5～3.5 kW、焊接速度为4.0 m/min(或激光功率为3.0 kW,焊接速度为3.6～4.2 m/min)时,Q&P1180高强钢激光焊获得了全焊透及表面成形良好的接头。不同激光功率和不同焊接速度下,焊缝区和热影响区的硬度均高于母材区的,且在焊缝的两边都存在一个软化区。在激光功率为3.0 kW、焊接速度为4.0 m/min时,激光焊接头的综合性能最佳。在预充氢的慢应变速率拉伸试验中,随着充氢电流密度的增大或充氢时间的延长,其抗拉强度和塑性逐渐下降。其中,当充氢电流密度为2 mA/cm²、充氢时间为5 min时,氢脆敏感性因子为78.0%,具有较高的氢脆敏感性。     

亚温淬火对35CrMo钢抗氢脆性能的影响

本试验结果表明：３５ＣｒＭｏ钢在亚温淬火温度高于７９０℃（即钢中残留的铁素体量低于１１．２％），并经高温回火后，它的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及常温冲击韧性都有明显的提高，钢的氢脆敏感性也得到改善．初步认为亚温淬火细化了晶粒和组织是各项性能获得改善的主要原因．     

2-1/4Cr-1Mo钢抗氢脆性能的研究

用电解充氢方法研究了加氢反应器用2—1／4Cr-1Mo钢的氢脆。为研究该材料抗氢脆的性能,试样中的氢浓度约6．22μg／g,比反应器的实际操作工况更恶劣。结果表明该材料的抗氢脆性能较好,经脱氢处理后其韧性得以恢复。     

SA508-Ⅲ钢的氢致脆性行为

采用高温高压气相热充氢方法,将氢充入SA508-Ⅲ钢.在常温下,研究了氢与SA508-Ⅲ钢的拉伸变形行为的交互作用,以澄清钢的氢致脆性机理,为核电用钢的安全设计提供理论依据.结果表明,充氢使钢的屈服强度略升高,而钢的断面收缩率明显降低.充氢后钢的拉伸断口由纯微孔聚集型断口转变为韧窝加河流花样复合型断口.钢的屈服强度升高主要归因于在弹性变形阶段氢对位错的钉扎,从而阻碍了位错开动.然而在塑性变形阶段,氢随可动位错迁移并不断富集于碳化物与基体界面处,当氢浓度达到一定值时,造成碳化物与基体之间的结合强度降低,从而引起钢的塑性降低.     

新型高强韧钢成分设计的经验公式

根据固体与分子经验电子理论,计算了17组新型高强韧钢的实验数据所对应的结构形成因子S值,用其中12组数据,建立了结构形成因子S与抗拉强度关系的经验公式,应用其余5组数据进行检验,结果与实验数据基本吻合,其最大误差为56%·     

车轮钢形变断裂过程的原位研究及氢影响

在扫描电镜下对CL60车轮钢单边缺口薄试样(厚度≤0.5mm)进行了原位拉伸实验,并研究了氢的影响.在金相显微镜下观察了带预裂纹的厚度为30mm的楔形张开加载试样开裂过程.结果表明,对薄试样拉伸变形时,不论是否有氢,先共析铁素体优先发生塑性变形,微裂纹沿先共析铁素体与珠光体团的边界形核、扩展;在有氢的情况下,微裂纹更容易通过夹杂物的剥落或夹杂物与基体界面的分离而萌生;薄试样拉伸主要是韧窝断口;对厚试样,裂纹主要通过珠光体中渗碳体片层开裂而扩展,断口也因此主要呈解理特征.     

CrWMn钢细化强韧化的研究

本文利用ＣｒＷＭｎ钢刀片镶钢余热进行高温淬火，有效地抑制网状碳化物的析出。以高温回火代替球化退火，实现碳化物超细化。降低淬火加热温度．获得细小奥氏体晶粒。使ＣｒＷＭｎ镶钢刀片的抗弯强度与冲击韧性由δ-bb=1088MPa,α-k=19.6J/cm～2提高到δ-bb＞2466MPa,α-k＞88J/cm～2,HRC＞60，获得明显的强化韧化效果．     

钢复合热处理强韧化的研究

本文综合介绍了作者新近提出的兼容常规及超高温淬火各自优点的复合热处理及其在低、中碳钢强韧化和过共析钢增韧中的成效。提出复合热处理强韧化的原理及其应用原则。     

608钢回火脆性的研究

本文研究了６０８钢第二类回火脆性问题。通过实验测得该钢此类脆性的温度区段 约４５０—７００℃．初步探索了通过显微组织鉴别回火脆性的可能性。应用俄歇电子能 谱分析初步确认：回火后缓慢冷却过程中，磷、硼等杂质元素在原奥氏体晶界层的偏 聚，是使该钢产生回火脆性的主要原因；而铬、锰、镍等合金元素的存在及于近晶界 区的偏析，也是促进回火脆化的重要因素。指出了消除该钢回火脆性的途径：当在脆 化温区回火后可施以快速水冷；可在该钢原定成分的基础上附加适量的合金元素相．     

Effect of in-situ nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steel

We investigated the critical influence of in-situ nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement(HE) of high-strength steel.The results reveal that the mechanical strength and elongation of quenched and tempered steel(919 MPa yield strength,17.11% elongation) are greater than those of hot-rolled steel(690 MPa yield strength, 16.81% elongation) due to the strengthening effect of insitu Ti_3O_5–Nb(C,N) nanoparticles.In addition, the HE susceptibility is substantially mitigated to 55.52%, approximately 30% lower than that of steels without in-situ nanoparticles(84.04%), which we attribute to the heterogeneous nucleation of the Ti_3O_5 nanoparticles increasing the density of the carbides.Compared with hard TiN inclusions, the spherical and soft Al_2O_3–MnS core–shell inclusions that nucleate on in-situ Al_2O_3 particles could also suppress HE.In-situ nanoparticles generated by the regional trace-element supply have strong potential for the development of high-strength and hydrogen-resistant steels.     

先进高强钢DP590焊缝的组织特征和力学性能改善

The effects of the welding current mode in resistance spot welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel dual-phase 590 (DP590) sheets were investigated. Results showed that a rough martensitic structure was formed in the weld zone of the sample welded via the single-pulsed mode, whereas the microstructure in the heat-affected zone consisted of a very rough martensitic microstructure and rough ferrite. However, using the secondary pulse mode led to the formation of tempered martensite in the weld zone. The maximum load and the energy absorption to failure of the samples with the secondary pulsed cycle were higher than those of the samples with the single-pulsed mode. Tensile shear results indicated that the secondary pulsed mode could significantly change the mode of failure upon shear tension testing. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that the use of secondary pulsed mode can improve the microstructural feature and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steel DP590 welds.     

Effect of shot peening on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel

The effect of shot peening (SP) on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steel was investigated by electrochemical hydrogen charging, slow strain rate tensile tests, and hydrogen permeation tests. Microstructure observation, microhardness, and X-ray diffraction residual stress studies were also conducted on the steel. The results show that the shot peening specimens exhibit a higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement in comparison with the no shot peening (NSP) specimens under the same hydrogen-charging current density. In addition, SP treatment sharply decreases the apparent hydrogen diffusivity and increases the subsurface hydrogen concentration. These findings are attributed to the changes in microstructure and compressive residual stress in the surface layer by SP. Scanning electron microscope fractographs reveal that the fracture surface of the NSP specimen exhibits the intergranular and quasi-cleavage mixed fracture modes, whereas the SP specimen shows only the quasi-cleavage fractures under the same hydrogen charging conditions, implying that the SP treatment delays the onset of intergranular fracture.     

Ti对高强耐候钢力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)以及力学性能测试等手段分析了薄板坯连铸连轧(TSCR)工艺生产Ti微合金化高强耐候钢的成分及工艺对显微组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:钢中加入Ti,屈服强度有明显的提高;钛质量分数为0.05%～0.08%时,高强耐候钢的晶粒尺寸随着钛含量的增加基本不变;高强耐候钢强度的提高主要取决于钢中有效钛的含量,有效钛不仅与钛的含量有关,而且还与S, N的含量有关;在有效钛含量一定的条件下,析出强化的大小主要取决于轧后的卷取温度.     

高强高韧低合金锰钢的研制

采用多元合金化思路设计了一种新型低合金高强度高韧性锰钢.研究了该钢的静态CCT曲线、显微组织、断口形貌以及热处理工艺对钢的力学性能的影响.结果表明:该钢中过冷奥氏体的稳定性高,具有高淬透性及高回火稳定性,经890～930℃淬火及200～230℃回火后获得回火板条马氏体组织,使该钢具有高的强韧性(抗拉强度Rm≥1500MPa,冲击韧性Akv≥85J)匹配;钢中适当提高锰含量,符合我国资源情况,具有较高的性价比.     

连续退火工艺对低硅型冷轧低合金高强钢板 力学性能的影响

利用多功能连续退火模拟器Multipas对屈服强度为380MPa的低硅型冷轧低合金高强钢板连续退火生产工艺进行了模拟,研究了在820,800, 780℃三种不同退火温度和60, 120,160m·min-1三种不同退火速度下,连退工艺对冷轧低合金高强钢板组织、力学性能的影响.结果表明,在不同的退火温度、退火速度下钢板退火组织的晶粒度基本相同,采用较低的退火温度和较高的退火速度时,可获得较好的强化效果.同时指出,在较高的连续退火温度下,退火速度对力学性能的影响较为显著.     

Influence of rapid heating process on the microstructure and tensile properties of high-strength ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel

Three low-carbon dual-phase (DP) steels with almost constant martensite contents of 20vol%were produced by intercritical an-nealing at different heating rates and soaking temperatures. Microstructures prepared at low temperature (1043 K, FH1) with fast-heating (300 K/s) show banded ferrite/martensite structure, whereas those soaked at high temperature (1103 K, FH2) with fast heating reveal blocky martensite uniformly distributed in the fine-grained ferrite matrix. Their mechanical properties were tested under tensile conditions and compared to a slow-heated (5 K/s) reference material (SH0). The tensile tests indicate that for a given martensite volume fraction, the yield strength and total elongation values are noticeably affected by the refinement of ferrite grains and the martensite morphology. Metallographic observations reveal the formation of microvoids at the ferrite/martensite interface in the SH0 and FH2 samples, whereas microvoids nucleate via the fracture of banded martensite particles in the FH1 specimen. In addition, analyses of the work-hardening behaviors of the DP micro-structures using the differential Crussard–Jaoul technique demonstrate two stages of work hardening for all samples.     

回火工艺对热轧高强贝氏体钢轨组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同回火工艺条件下热轧态U25CrNi高强贝氏体钢轨的组织与力学性能变化。结果表明,试验钢热轧态和回火组织均由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体构成。当回火条件为300℃×200min时,试验钢中部分残余奥氏体发生贝氏体相变,钢的各项力学性能变化不大;当回火温度升至400℃时,试验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数较大,碳化物析出量较少,内应力进一步释放,试验钢的延伸率和冲击吸收功达到最大值,同温度下延长回火时间至360min,钢中碳化物颗粒析出增多,延伸率和冲击性能明显降低;当回火温度为500℃时,试验钢中贝氏体铁素体明显粗化,并伴随大量碳化物颗粒析出,残余奥氏体大量分解,出现了回火脆性。综合考虑,U25CrNi热轧高强贝氏体钢轨的最佳回火工艺为400℃×200min。     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分( IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律. 实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织. 马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8. 2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14. 3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成. 在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36. 2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.