雌甾的双羟甲基化和双咪唑甲基化反应

本文报道雌甾A环的直接双羟甲基化和双咪唑甲基化反应。将雌二醇(ia)、炔雌醇(ib)、雌酚酮(ic)及其17-正的醇缩酮(id) 分别与甲醛和粉状氢氧化纳于少量溶剂中在50~550 反应,生成对应的2,4-二(羟甲基)雌甾化合物2a~d。将(a,b,d分别与聚甲醛和咪唑在130~141 反应或将双羟甲基化反应可得的2a,b,d 与咪唑反应均生成对应的2,4-二(咪唑甲基)雌甾化合物3a,b,d。     

芴羟甲基化合成9-芴甲醇过程中脱水产物生成的影响因素及机理

以多聚甲醛为羟甲基化试剂,在碱催化下芴一步生成9-芴甲醇过程极易发生单分子共轭碱消除,脱水生成富烯化合物,导致9-芴甲醇的选择性下降.为实现对该过程的调控,本文考察了温度、碱的种类、乙醇和多聚甲醛的添加等对9-芴甲醇脱水反应的影响,并结合动力学计算和同位素示踪,推测了芴羟甲基化合成9-芴甲醇过程中副产物生成的机理.结果表明,升高温度、增加碱性和添加甲醛有利于脱水反应发生.乙醇通过氢键作用促进脱水反应,添加量大时会导致芴负离子和9-芴甲醇负离子发生质子化作用.中间体可能会发生分子内氢传递或者夺取芴和9-芴甲醇的9位氢,促进脱水反应发生.     

可光固化单体2,7-二溴-9,9-双[4’-(3″-乙基-3″-氧杂环丁烷甲氧基己基氧基)苯基]芴的合成

以芴为原料,经溴代和氧化反应制得2,7-二溴芴酮(3);3与苯酚反应合成2,7-二溴-9,9-双(4’-羟基苯基)芴(4);4与3-(6’-溴己氧基甲基)-3-乙基氧杂环丁烷经醚化反应合成了可光固化单体2,7-二溴-9,9-双[4’-(3″-乙基-3″-氧杂环丁烷甲氧基己基氧基)苯基]芴,总收率67%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和元素分析表征。     

双酚芴双胺型苯并嗯嗪树脂的合成、结构及热性能

以9-芴酮、苯酚为原料,以质量分数为98%的浓硫酸为催化剂,2-巯基丙酸为助催化剂,合成了双酚芴[9,9-双(4-羟苯基)芴],再用其与乙二胺和多聚甲醛反应,合成了线性双酚芴双胺型苯并噁嗪树脂(BF-eda树脂).采用FTIR,'H NME和<'13>C NMR等分析手段对双酚芴和BF-eda树脂的化学结构进行了表征;...     

含硫甲基的芴-苯结构化合物的合成、结构和性能

通过双Suzuki偶联反应一步合成了2种含硫甲基的芴-苯结构化合物2,7-二(4-硫甲基苯基)-9,9-二己基-芴(a)和2,7-二(2,6-二甲基-4-硫甲基苯基)-9,9-二己基-芴(b).紫外-可见和荧光光谱以及分子轨道理论计算表明,位阻较小的化合物a具有更好的共轭性能,其最大紫外-可见吸收波长达到351nm,比两端苯基含4个邻位取代基的化合物b红移了38nm;化合物a的最大荧光发射波长达到410nm,为典型的蓝光化合物,比化合物b红移了43nm.化合物a和b都具有较高的荧光量子产率,分别为59%和65%,在光电材料方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

9,9-二甲基-2-(N-联苯基)氨基芴的合成

以芴为原料,苄基三甲基三溴化铵为溴化试剂,室温下在甲醇和二氯甲烷中溴化得到2-溴芴,然后以四氢呋喃为溶剂,在叔丁醇钾作用下与碘甲烷反应合成9,9-二甲基-2-溴芴,最后与4-联苯胺通过Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应合成目标化合物9,9-二甲基-2-(N-联苯基)氨基芴,总收率为56.0%～62.4%。通过1HNMR、13CNMR、MS、IR和元素分析确证了其结构。     

B-[9,9-双(4-甲基苯基)-9H-芴-2-基]硼酸的合成工艺优化

以2-溴-9-芴酮为原料,经亲核加成、取代、氧化还原、氧化反应合成B-[9,9-双(4-甲基苯基)-9H-芴-2-基]硼酸,其结构经¹H NMR确证。采用响应面法重点对氧化还原步骤进行优化。确定较优合成条件为：反应时间5.4 h,催化剂用量为0.4 eq.,反应温度为108 ℃,目标产物收率92.15%,相对误差0.54%。      

芳基喹啉取代螺二芴化合物的合成

2-溴联苯格式试剂与9-芴酮生成的叔醇中间体在酸性条件下环合形成螺二芴,再经Friedel-Crafts酰基化得到2-乙酰基螺二芴(3)和2,2-二乙酰基螺二芴(4);3或4与2-氨基二苯甲酮衍生物在酸催化下经过Friedlander缩合,制备了一系列具有荧光性的2-(4-取代苯基)喹啉-9,9'-螺二芴或2,2'-二(4-取代苯基)喹啉-9,9'-螺二芴,其结构经UV-vis,荧光光谱,1H NMR和元素分析表征.     

含苯并硒二唑聚咔唑/芴类共轭聚电解质及其前驱体的合成与性能研究

采用Suzuki偶合反应合成了一系列新型的咔唑、芴和2,1,3-苯并硒二唑的共聚物——聚[3,6-(N-(2-乙基己基))咔唑-2,1,3-苯并硒二唑-9,9-双(N,N-二甲基胺丙基)芴](PCzN-BSeD)及其相应的聚电解质衍生物——聚[3,6-(N-(2-乙基己基))咔唑-2,1,3-苯并硒二唑-9,9-(双(3′-(N,N-二甲基)-N-乙基铵)丙基)芴]二溴(PCzNBr-BSeD).在聚咔唑和芴中引入不同比例的2,1,3-苯并硒二唑(BSeD)单元,引起了由咔唑和芴链段向窄带隙苯并硒二唑(BSeD)单元有效的能量转移.通过对聚合物电致发光性能的研究,发现用聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)或聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧基噻吩)/聚乙烯咔唑(PEDOT/PVK)作为空穴传输层时,器件的性能相差不大,表明咔唑的引入较明显的改善了聚合物的空穴注入性能.而且几乎所有的聚合物用高功函数铝作阴极的器件和用钡/铝作阴极的器件具有相近的发光性能,表明这类聚合物具有良好的电子注入性能.     

热致刚性膜材料的合成与气体分离性能研究

以丙酮为溶剂,将9,9-双(4-羟基苯基)芴(BHF)于室温下进行硝化反应得到二硝基化合物9,9-双(3-硝基-4-羟基苯基)芴,再经Pd/C-水合肼还原得到9,9-双(3-氨基-4-羟基苯基)芴(BAHF).采用上述二胺单体BAHF、与9,9-双(4-氨基苯基)芴(BAF)和六氟二酐(6FDA)通过低温溶液缩聚反应制备出一种含酚羟基的共聚聚酰胺酸溶液,经热酰亚胺化和热致重排反应得到共聚聚酰亚胺(CPI)和聚(酰亚胺-苯并恶唑)(PIPBO)热致刚性膜材料.采用核磁(NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和气体渗透性能测试等手段对所制得膜材料的结构、热性能和气体分离性能进行表征.研究结果表明,所制得的热致刚性膜主要表现出非晶结构,为无规共聚物,其Tg为340℃.随热处理温度升高,热致刚性膜的气体渗透性逐渐增加,450℃制得的热致刚性膜对O_2、N_2、H_2、CH_4和CO_2的渗透通量分别达到229.03、53.26、1497.35、33.52和818.76 Barrer.     

Synthesis of 9-chloro-1,10-anthraquinone and its reactions with amines

1-Dichlorophosphoryloxy-9,9-dichloroanthrone, a product of the reaction between 1-hydroxyanthraquinone and PCl₅, reacts with primary amines in benzene to give first 1-(diaminophosphoryloxy)-9,9-dichloroanthrones and then the corresponding 9-imines. The reaction in DMF occurs with elimination of the phosphoryloxy group and generation of 9-chloro-1,10-anthraquinone that undergoes amination followed by substitution of the hydrogen atom in position 4 rather than a chlorine atom in position 9, which is the most active position in 2,4,9-trichloro-1,10-anthraquinone. The second step of amination results in 4,9-di(alkylamino)-1,10-anthraquinone. The literature data on obtaining individual 9-chloro-1,10-anthraquinone under the action of bases on 1-dichorophosphoryloxy-9,9-dichloroanthrone were not experimentally supported.     

新型双氨类发光材料的合成与性能研究

以3-溴-9,9-二甲基芴为原料,通过Buchwald-Hartwig偶联反应合成了一种新化合物N,N′-二(联苯-4-基)-N,N′-二(9,9-二甲基芴-3-基)-9-苯基咔唑-2,7-二胺(2),其结构和性能经FL, UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, GC-MS(EI),元素分析和TG-DSC表征。结果表明：2具有较好的热稳定性和较高的玻璃化温度,失重5%的温度为452 ℃,玻璃化温度为176 ℃;在425 nm波长激发下,2在445 nm处发出较强荧光(蓝光)。     

Facile synthesis of complicated 9,9-diarylfluorenes based on BF3.Et2O-mediated Friedel-Crafts reaction

[reaction: see text] BF3.OEt2-mediated Friedel-Crafts reaction of 9-phenyl-fluoren-9-ol with electron-rich aromatic substrates to prepare a new family of complicated 9,9-diarylfluorenes is described. The 9,9-diarylfluorenes tethered with various functional substituents, e.g., bulky spiro units, hole-transporting moieties, and fluorescent dyes, will be promising building blocks for the construction of optoelectronic materials.     

Photochemical Generation of 9H‐Fluorenyl Radicals

A series of 9‐substituted fluorenols and 9,9′‐disubstituted‐9,9′‐bifluorenyls were irradiated to give products derived from fluorenyl radicals. Product distribution was solvent dependent. A TEMPO adduct was isolated from the photoexcitation of 9‐fluorenol. An unusual unsymmetrical 3,9′‐bifluorenyl was observed from the photolysis of 9‐trifluoromethylfluorenol and 9,9′‐di(trifluoromethyl)‐9,9′‐bifluorenyl in more polar or hydrogen‐bonding solvents. The electronic nature of 9‐substituted fluorenyl radicals was probed using theoretical calculations showing the dipolar character of species with electron‐deficient groups. These constitute the first examples of “doubly destabilized” radicals.     

Reactions of 9,9′‐bibenzonorbornenylidene sulfoxides with TMSOTf: Anomalous pinacol‐type rearrangement of thiirane 1‐Oxides

syn‐9,9′‐Bibenzonorbornenylidene sulfoxide 8b underwent pinacol‐type rearrangement to form 9 , together with a mixture of thiiranes 4a and 4b by reaction with TMSOTf in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. The rearrangement of anti‐sulfoxide 8a proceeded more slowly giving a mixture of 9, 4a , and 4b . © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:29–34, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20507     

The redox behavior of gem-dihalo compounds: 9,9-dibromofluorene, 9,9-dichlorofluorene and dichlorodiphenylmethane

The redox behavior of several gem-dihalo compounds has been examined at platinum and vitreous carbon electrodes in dimethylformamide. The reduction of 9,9-dichlorofluorene is initially an overall two-electron process which involves cleavage of chloride ion and the formation of 9-chlorofluorenyl anion. The final products and their distribution are then dependent upon the relative rates of reduction of the parent compound, nucleophilic attack of 9-chlorofluorenyl anion on the parent compound, and proton availability. If reaction by substitution is permitted to predominate, 9,9′-dichlorobifluorenyl results. This species is electroactive at the applied potential and undergoes reductive dechlorination to give bifluorenylidene. In contrast, if either the rate of reduction of 9,9-dichlorofluorene of the rate of protonation of 9-chlorofluorenyl anion exceeds the rate of substitution, the predominant product becomes 9-chlorofluorene. Reduction of this species then gives a mixture of fluorene and bifluorenyl when electrolysis is effected in an aprotic medium and fluorene when electrolysis is performed in the presence of diethyl malonate, a weak proton donor. Dichlorodiphenylmethane and 9,9-dibromofluorene also undergo reductive dehalogenation to give monomeric and dimeric products by pathways analogous to those observed for dichlorofluorene. In the case of dibromofluorene, however, the product distribution is also potential dependent since the intermediate 9-bromofluorenyl radical may not be reduced at the applied potential. No evidence was obtained in these studies to support previous claims of carbenes and/or carbene radical anions in these reductions.     

Conversions of 9-bromo(cyano)-4-azafluorenes and 1,2-di(4-azafluoren-9-yl)ethane under conditions of the Michael reaction

9-Bromo(cyano)-4-azaflourenes are converted to di(4-azafluorylidene-9) or 9,9-di (-cyanoethyl)-4-azafluorene under the conditions of the Michael reaction (acrylonitrile, ethoxytrimethylphenylammonium), depending on the temperature. 1,2-Di(4-azafluoren-9-yl)ethane was synthesized, and its cyanoethylation was performed.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1525–1527, November, 1984.     

The Gomberg-type dimerization of bifluorenylidene radicals: an X-ray crystallographic investigation

The reaction of phenylethynyllithium with 9-bromofluorene yields 9,9′-bifluorenylidene, 8, 9,9′-bifluorenyl, 9, and a molecule 10, of formula C₅₂H₃₂, in which coupling has occurred between a 9,9′-bifluorenyl fragment and a 9,9′-bifluorenylidene moiety such that a C(9) position of the former is attached to a C(3) site of the latter. This parallels the unsymmetrical radical coupling of triphenylmethyl radicals, which leads to the Gomberg dimer, rather than hexaphenylethane. The structure of 10 has been elucidated by X-ray crystallography, and a mechanistic rationale is offered.     

Analysis of the solvatochromism of 9,9'-biaryl compounds using a pure solvent dipolarity scale

The UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of 9,9'-bisanthracenyl (BA), 9,9'- bisacridinyl (BAC), 9,9'-bicarbazyl (BC), and 9-(9'-anthracenyl)carbazole (C9A) were precisely recorded in solvents that change their solvent dipolarity scale (SdP) values from 0.000 (in 2-methylbutane at 293 K) to 1.294 (in 1-chlorobutane at 77 K). An analysis based (i) on the solvatochromic behavior of the four 9,9'-biaryl compounds in terms of the dipolarity of the solvents used, quantified by means of their SdP values, and (ii) on the behavior of the emission band profiles, allows the conclusion that, whereas the apolar 9,9'-biaryl compounds BA, BAC, and BC need solvents with SdP values larger than 0.74 to give a twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) process after excitation, for dipolar C9A the TICT mechanism is predominant already at solvent SdP values smaller than 0.23, i.e., near a solvent dipolarity of 0. The accuracy and simplicity achieved by application of the SdP scale in analyzing the solvatochromic behavior of the four 9,9'-biaryl compounds studied make evident the advantages of this solvent scale in comparison to other empirical solvent scales, which not only include the solvent's dipolarity but also consist of a more limited numerical range of values only.     

甲基、磺酸基取代的9,9'-双吖啶衍生物的化学发光研究

研究了１０,１０’－二甲基－９,９－双吖啶（ＤＭＢＡ）,２,２‘－二磺酸基－９,９－双吖啶二硝酸盐（ＤＳＢＡＤＮ）,１０,１０’－二甲基－２,２‘－二磺酸基－９,９’－双吖啶（ＤＭＤＳＢＡ）,及１０,１０‘－二甲基－９,９’－双吖啶二硝酸盐９ＤＭＢＡＤＮ,谷称光泽精）等４种９、９‘－双吖啶衍生物的化学发性质,发现１０,１０’－二 磺酸基－９,９‘－双吖啶的化学发光强度是光泽精的２２倍,是迄今为止发