不同提取方法对光皮树籽油品质的影响

采用超临界CO2、超声波和微波3 种方法提取光皮树籽油,并利用GC-MS分析了3 种方法提取的籽油化学成分.结果表明,超临界CO2萃取的光皮树籽油理化性能稳定,但难以将光皮树籽中的亚油酸萃出,超声波和微波难以将光皮树籽中的油酸萃出.     

超临界CO_2提取人参籽油工艺研究及人参籽油脂肪酸组成分析

该研究以人参籽为原料,采用超临界CO2流体技术萃取人参籽油,通过正交试验优化了萃取人参籽油工艺参数,再将其与通过冷榨法及溶剂法提取的人参籽油进行对比,测定和比较了不同工艺制取的人参籽油的脂肪酸组成。试验结果表明,在萃取压力26MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间2 h工艺条件下,人参籽油得率为16.2%。经检测,人参籽油脂肪酸组成为不饱和脂肪酸占99%以上,其中油酸含量极高,可达73.93%。通过不同制取方法所得到的人参籽油的脂肪酸组成分析表明,超临界CO2萃取法与溶剂萃取法所提取人参籽油的脂肪酸明显多于压榨法的脂肪酸成分;且超临界CO2萃取法具有无有机化学试剂残留的明显优势,因此,是未来人参籽油提取中可以应用的一种绿色环保的提取工艺和技术。     

超临界CO2萃取人参挥发油工艺的研究

目的确定人参挥发油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件。方法通过超临界CO2萃取人参挥发油的单因素试验和正交试验,研究其萃取工艺条件,考察萃取压力,萃取温度,萃取时间,CO2流量对挥发油得率的影响。结果确定了超临界萃取人参挥发油的最佳条件:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间100min,流量25~30L/h。结论该条件下人参挥发油(粗油)的得率为0.880%,远远高于传统索氏法提取的人参挥发油得率。     

均匀设计优化香草兰中香兰素的超临界萃取工艺

研究超临界Co2萃取香草兰豆荚中香兰素等香料成分的工艺,以香兰索产量为检测指标,使用均匀设计-偏最小二乘法回归分析,优化萃取工艺的压力、温度、时间和夹带剂乙醇的体积4个因子,确定最佳提取工艺条件为:压力41.10 MPa,温度50℃,时间180 min,夹带剂体积5.0 mL,此时,20g香草兰原料萃取香兰素的理论产量为177.211 mg.对该技术应用于香草兰中香兰素提取产业化的前景和可行性进行分析探讨.     

不同方法提取人参总皂苷工艺的优化研究

比较人参皂苷多种提取方法，如传统水煎法、温浸法、乙醇回流法、微波提取法和超声波法，对其皂苷含量进行考察，优选人参皂苷提取工艺。结果表明：最佳提取工艺为超声波法，快速、安全、简便、成本低，得到的人参皂苷纯度高，而成分又不被破坏。     

响应面优化超声强化超临界CO_2萃取大豆胚芽油工艺

研究超声强化超临界CO2萃取大豆胚芽油的提取工艺,通过响应面分析法优化得到的萃取条件为:萃取时间为138 min,萃取温度为37℃,萃取压力为26.3 MPa,超声波功率为300 W,超声波时间为29 min.在此条件下大豆胚芽油萃取率为87.24%左右.且大豆胚芽清油的颜色浅黄透明,香气纯正.     

CCD法探析三种辅助提取茶多酚工艺研究

采用机械化学法、超声波法和微波法作为茶多酚提取过程中的辅助工艺,以茶多酚的提取率作为指标,通过中心组合设计法(CCD)设计试验,响应面优化分析获取每种辅助工艺最优实施条件,并对这三种辅助工艺进行比较.机械化学法辅助工艺茶多酚提取率为16.2％ ～16.8％,微波法辅助工艺提取率为12.2％ ～12.9％、超声波法辅助工艺提取率11.6％ ～12.3％.三种辅助工艺中,机械化学法辅助工艺比超声波和微波辅助工艺有较高的提取率,可以水作为浸取液在常温下进行提取,是一种茶多酚提取过程中较为理想的辅助提取工艺.     

超临界CO_2提取茶叶中咖啡碱

用超临界萃取技术分离提取茶叶中的咖啡碱，再用CH2Cl2萃取分离，得到纯度为95．16％的咖啡碱，萃取率和得率分别为16．85％、0．55％。试验结果还表明，在一定条件下，利用超临界萃取技术能够有效地分离茶多酚和咖啡碱。     

超临界CO2萃取金柑籽油工艺

研究了超临界CO2萃取金柑籽油的最佳工艺,考察了萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、解析压力、解析温度对萃取效果的影响。试验表明,在萃取温度为40℃、萃取压力为30 MPa、解析压力为10 MPa、解析温度为55℃和CO2流量为15 L·h^-1的条件下萃取率可达45.1%。     

金柑果皮精油超临界CO2流体萃取工艺优化及其理化性质的研究

对超临界CO2流体萃取金柑果皮精油的工艺进行优化,并研究其理化性质。结果表明,金柑果皮精油超临界CO2流体最佳萃取工艺条件为：萃取压力14 MPa,萃取温度31℃,萃取时间120 min,CO2流量26 L/h,在此优化条件下,金柑果皮精油得率为(5.08±0.03)%。金柑果皮精油理化性质研究表明,在20℃条件下,金柑果皮精油酸值为0.466 8、酯值为4.245 6、密度为0.838 g/mL、折光度为1.470 7、旋光度为1.366 8,精油与95%乙醇的互溶比例为1∶6.1。金柑果皮精油功能团鉴定结果表明,金柑果皮精油含有醇类、醛酮类、不饱和脂肪酸,不含酚类、羧酸衍生物。     

Changes in oil,sugars and nitrogenous components during germination of sunflower seeds,Helianthus annuus

Since germination has been found to improve the nutritional quality of grains, sunflower seeds Helianthus annuus were germinated for up to five days, and the cotyledons were analyzed for oil, sugar, free amino acid, non-protein nitrogen, lysine, tryptophan and methionine contents. Protein was fractionated. Soaking and germination increased the non-protein nitrogen, total free amino acid, lysine and tryptophan contents. Protein content and dry weight decreased. The oil content decreased significantly after 72 hours of germination. The reducing sugars increased gradually until day five of germination.The saline soluble albumin and globulin fractions decreased while the glutelin content increased during germination. No changes were noticed in the prolamin and methionine contents.     

油葵子叶外植体不定芽再生体系的建立

对油葵子叶外植体在含有不同激素浓度的培养基上进行了诱导、分化及成苗的研究,建立起一套完整的再生体系.在MS添加IAA 1mg/L和6-BA 4mg/L的培养基上诱导的愈伤质量较好,在MS添加IAA 0.01mg/L和6-BA 0.04mg/L的分化培养基上能够实现较高的不定芽再生.基因型间再生能力差异明显,8份材料中以康地6R为最佳.不定芽在1/2MS培养基上能健康成苗.     

油葵含油率及脂肪酸组成与土壤盐含量的关系

通过盆栽试验研究不同土壤含盐量对油葵含油率及脂肪酸组成的影响,结果表明:子实含油率和籽仁含油率随土壤盐含量的升高下降明显,且籽仁含油率受到的影响大于子实含油率。土壤含盐量的增加,促进棕榈酸、亚油酸的生成,抑制油酸的生成,但硬脂酸、亚麻酸的变化受土壤盐含量的影响不明显。土壤盐含量对籽仁含油率组分的影响依次为棕榈酸>油酸>亚油酸>硬脂酸>亚麻酸。     

The effect of Cd2+ on lipid components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds

The effect of seven levels of Cd²⁺ viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 ppm (µg/g soil) supplied as cadmium chloride, on lipid components of sunflower seeds was studied in a pot experiment. The total and neutral lipids decreased while polar lipids (phospho and glycolipids) increased with the increasing levels of Cd²⁺. Oleic acid and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in the total, polar and neutral lipid fractions. Oleic acid generally increased while linoleic acid decreased in all the lipid fractions with Cd²⁺ levels. The neutral lipid fraction had higher levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and oleic acid as compared to the total and polar lipid fractions. The plant dry weight and seed yield decreased whereas cadmium concentration in seeds increased consistently with increasing Cd²⁺ levels.     

Physical behavior of purified and crude wax obtained from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed oil refineries and seed hulls

The sunflower seed waxes obtained from two sources (i) seed hull as astandard and (ii) crude wax from oil refineries were studied for theircrystallization, melting characteristics and morphology of crystals. Theresults of differential scanning calorimetry of wax obtained from seed hullsshowed the melting temperature range of 13.18 ^°C with the onsetat 62.32 ^°C, for purified wax, compared to the melting range of24.73 ^°C with the onset at 42.3 ^°C, for crude wax. Theenthalpy of fusion for both waxes were 57.55 mcal/mg and 7.63 mcal/mg,respectively. The DSC melt crystallization temperature range was15.79 ^°C with the onset of 64.58 ^°C for purified wax andtemperature range of 31.45 ^°C with an onset of 57.76 ^°C forcrude wax. A similar pattern was observed of wax obtained from thecrude wax of oil refineries. The enthalpy of crystallization was –64.27mcal/mg and –7.67 mcal/mg, respectively. The purified wax obtained fromthe two sources (i) and (ii) were comparable with completion temperaturesof 75.5 ^°C and 75.1 ^°C, respectively. The effect of inhibitor(lecithin) on crystallization of purified wax under light microscope andsurface structure by scanning electron microscope were observed. Lecithinat 0.2% inhibited the crystallization but nucleation was unaltered. Thewax crystal was inhibited to around 60% of the original size with 0.2%lecithin. It is concluded that the sunflower waxes studied were notcomparable in their crystal properties of crude and purified states.Lecithin inhibited the crystallization of sunflower seed wax.     

蕹菜梗叶绿素浸提工艺的优化及其理化性质

利用单因子试验和正交试验探讨了蕹菜梗叶绿素的最佳浸提工艺,并对其理化性质进行分析。结果表明,蕹菜梗叶绿索的最佳浸提工艺为：乙醇浓度85％、料液比1：50、提取温度70℃、提取时间4h,其提取率为0．1957mg·g^-1;蕹菜梗叶绿素易溶于有机溶剂,但不溶于水,其可见光区的最大吸收波长为410nm,且具有较好的耐光和耐热性。