Clinical significance of 201Tl reverse redistribution in patients with aorto-coronary bypass surgery

Detection of myocardial ischemia by the stress thallium scan has traditionally been performed using transient defect analysis on exercise, followed by redistribution studies. Worsening of the 201Tl myocardial image from exercise to redistribution is referred to as reverse redistribution. In this study, we found reverse redistribution in 10 (21%) of 48 angina pectoris patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. The clinical significance of this phenomenon in these patients was investigated in relation to angiographic and surgical findings. Reverse redistribution was found to occur in regions which were supplied by bypass grafts. These areas showed increased coronary blood flow and rapid thallium washout. Our results indicate that a perfusion defect in the bypass region of the redistribution image might be caused by relatively rapid washout in the bypass graft region compared to the adjacent normal myocardium. These results should be considered in the clinical interpretation of stress thallium scans.     

Clinical significance of reverse redistribution on resting thallium-301 imaging in patients with vasospastic angina

To evaluate the clinical significance of reverse redistribution (RR) of resting 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA), we performed left ventriculography, coronary angiography and resting 201Tl-SPECT in 22 patients with VSA. Left ventriculography showed abnormal wall motion in 17 of 22 patients (77%) and 37 of 154 segments. Thirty-one of these 37 segments (84%) were within the area perfused by coronary arteries showing acetylcholine-induced vasospasm. On 201Tl images, abnormal findings were observed in 11 of 22 patients (50%), and among them, 7 patients (32%) had RR. Seven of 37 segments (19%) having abnormal regional wall motion had RR of 201TI, and in 6 of these 7 segments (86%), accumulation of 123I-BMIPP was found to be reduced. We conclude that repetitive brief myocardial ischemia may cause myocardial injuries in patients with VSA, and that the presence of RR of 201Tl indicates the presence of myocardial injury in these patients.     

Reverse redistribution of thallium-201 represents a low-risk finding in thrombolysed patients following myocardial infarction

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of reverse redistribution on thallium-201 imaging in post-myocardial infarction patients who have undergone thrombolytic therapy. Sixty-two patients aged 35–79 (mean 60) years with proven myocardial infarction who had undergone thrombolysis were studied 6 weeks post infarction. Standard stress and 4-h redistribution imaging was performed with ²⁰¹Tl following treadmill exercise. Separate day rest injection of ²⁰¹T1 was given after sublingual nitroglycerine; imaging was performed at 1 h. Planar images were acquired in three standard views and semiquantitative segmental analysis of the images was performed from the unprocessed images. All patients had radionuclide ventriculography for the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion abnormality. Thirty-three patients also had coronary angiography. ²⁰¹T1 scintigraphy revealed fixed defects in 19 patients, reversible defects in 22, and reverse redistribution in 21. Those with reverse redistribution had a significantly higher exercise capacity (P < 0.01). Mean (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction was 46 (12)% for those with fixed defects, 47 (9)% for those with reversible defects and 45 (15)% for patients with reverse redistribution (P = NS). The regional wall motion abnormality score was 8 (5), 11.8 (2.2) and 14.2 (6) respectively in patients with reverse redistribution, redistribution alone and fixed defects. Regions with reverse redistribution revealed less regional wall motion abnormality compared to the other two groups (P < 0.01). Fifteen patients demonstrated significant ²⁰¹Tl uptake in the region showing reverse redistribution, with rest injection of ²⁰¹Tl following sublingual nitroglycerine, suggesting viable myocardium in that region. Patients with reverse redistribution had less residual stenosis of the infarct-related artery than those with fixed or reversible defects. Reverse redistribution on ²⁰¹T1 scintigraphy is a common phenomenon, even at 6 weeks, in patients with myocardial infarction who have received thrombolytic therapy. Areas with reverse redistribution demonstrate ²⁰¹T1 uptake following rest injection, less regional wall motion abnormality and a more patent infarct-related artery. Thus, reverse redistribution in these patients represents a low risk finding which suggests retained myocardial viability and successful thrombolytic therapy.     

Prospective evaluation of thallium-201 reinjection in single-vessel coronary patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery

Twenty-two patients with single-vessel left anterior descending coronary artery disease were investigated by means of dipyridamole stress thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, using single photon emission tomography (SPET), 1 week before and 2–5 weeks after coronary bypass surgery. The dose of dipyridamole was 0.56 mg/kg, and the injected activity of ²⁰¹T1 was 74 MBq. Before surgery, and after completion of the redistribution study, a further 37 MBq of ²⁰¹T1 was injected. Ten minutes and 1 h later, repeated SPET imaging were performed. SPET images were evaluated both subjectively and semiquantitatively, using a five-grade segmental defect score system, with higher scores for more severe perfusion defects. Before surgery, the 3-h redistribution images revealed complete or partial persistence of the perfusion defects in all patients. On the images taken 10 min after reinjection, these defects were completely filled in four cases, and partially filled in ten cases. Further positive changes were observed on the 1-h post-reinjection images in four cases. Three of the 1-h post-reinjection images exhibited a paradox redistribution. The stress images after surgery corresponded well to the ²⁰¹T1 distribution on the preoperative 1-h post-reinjection images in 11 cases. The average of the segmental defect severity scores was 17.0 after stress, 10.1 at rest, 7.1 10 min after reinjection and 6.4 1 h after reinjection. After surgery, the average of both the post-stress and the 3-h redistribution scores was 3.1. The correlation coefficients between the segmental scores of the postoperative resting study and the preoperative 3-h resting and the 10-min and 1-h post-reinjection studies were 0.72, 0.69 and 0.78, respectively. It is concluded that post-reinjection ²⁰¹T1 images before surgery are good predictors of myocardial perfusion after revascularization. The best results are obtained if imaging is performed 1 h after reinjection. Correspondence to: J. Mester     

Effects of myocardial revascularization on regional thallium-201 uptake and systolic function in regions with reverse redistribution on tomographic thallium-201 imaging at rest in patients with chronic coronary artery disease

Objectives  There is growing evidence that myocardial segments with reverse redistribution are viable in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of myocardial revascularization on systolic function and thallium-201 uptake in such segments. Methods  Rest-redistribution thallium-201 tomography before and after myocardial revascularization was performed in 47 patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Regional function was evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography before and after revascularization according to a 3-point scale (1=normal, 2=hypokinetic, 3=a/dyskinetic). Improvement of dysfunctional segments was defined when systolic function score decreased ≥1 after revascularization. Reverse redistribution was defined as ≥8% decrease in relative thallium-201 uptake between rest and redistribution images. Results  Reverse redistribution was found in 27 (57%) of 47 patients, corresponding to 60 (11%) of 564 myocardial segments. Of such segments, 24 (40%) had normal systolic function, 19 (32%) were hypokinetic, and 17 (28%) were a/dyskinetic. Thirty-six segments underwent myocardial revascularization, and reverse redistribution was no longer present in 86% of them subsequent to the procedure. Of 26 dyssynergic segments with reverse redistribution subjected to revascularization, 18 (69%) improved at follow-up. Conclusions  The findings of the present study indicate that reverse redistribution is a reversible phenomenon and is often associated with improvement of systolic function following revascularization in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.     

Clinical significance of reverse redistribution in exercise thallium-201 SPECT after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Clinical significance of reverse redistribution on thallium image was evaluated in 54 patients who had undergone PTCA. Thallium SPECT imaging was performed one week and three to six months after PTCA. Reverse redistribution was detected eight of 54 patients one week after PTCA and five of 38 patients three to six months after PTCA. In the segments with reverse redistribution, reduced regional wall motion and lesser degree of coronary stenosis was common features (p less than 0.05) angiography. In conclusion, reverse redistribution had a tendency to appear in the region with mild myocardial injury and relatively high coronary blood flow after PTCA. But in cases with new occurrence and disappearance of reverse redistribution during follow up period, we can not assess the factors to explain these phenomena. In these segments, "coronary flow reserve", "stunned myocardium", "hibernating myocardium" or other factors may be related.     

Estimation of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients under aorto-coronary bypass grafts with plasma level of myosin light chain I and 201Tl SPECT]

After aorto-coronary bypass grafts surgery plasma level of myosin light chain I, determined with monoclonal antibodies to myosin light chain I (LC-I), were studied in 12 patients (pts) without electrocardiographical perioperative myocardial infarction. Rest 201Tl myocardial images were collected before and after surgery. LC-I increased and reached peak levels (15 +/- 7 ng/ml) at 91 +/- 29 minutes after the aortic declamp. From peak levels LC-I rapidly decreased with fast half-time disappearance (1.4 +/- 0.9 hours). In 5 pts of 12 pts LC-I recovered to normal range and MB reached maximum levels (34 +/- 23 IU/L) at 18 +/- 9 hours after declamp. In 4 pts 201Tl images showed improvement and in one 201Tl images showed no changes. In 7 pts of 12 pts LC-I decreased to minimum levels (2.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) at 12 +/- 6 hours and then gradually increased to peak levels (5.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) on day 3 +/- 0.9. MB reached maximum level (61 +/- 20 IU/L) at 3.2 +/- 1 hours. In 201Tl images 3 pts showed suspected new lesion, 2 pts showed no changes and 2 pts showed improvement. No correlation was noted between peak LC-I level and duration of aortic declamp. No significant relation was suspected between early LC-I peak and irreversible myocardial cell injury. From close relationship between aortic declamp and appearance of LC-I peak, it was concluded that LC-I, accumulated during aortic clamp, was washed out by aortic declamp. Relation was suspected between early LC-I peak and myocardial injury during myocardial protection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Single photon emission tomography imaging of myocardial oxidative metabolism with 15-(p-[123I]iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid in patients with coronary artery disease and aorto-coronary bypass graft surgery

A total of 29 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were investigated with 15-(p-[¹²³I] iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid (¹²³I-IPPA) and sequential single photon emission tomography (SPET). Of these, 19 were studied after aorto-coronary bypass graft surgery. Some 13 patients without evidence of CAD served as a control group. Two SPET studies (early and late) were carried out within 45 min after intravenous administration of 200 MBq ¹²³I-IPPA at peak sub-maximal exercise. Semi-quantification of uptake (related to perfusion) and turnover (linked to metabolism) was obtained by segmental comparison of oblique slices. Taking coronary arteriography as the gold standard, ¹²³I-IPPA scintigraphy had the following figures of merit for sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CAD: for the left anterior descending artery territory 93% and 95%, for the left circumflex artery region 96% and 92%, and for the right coronary artery territory 77% and 92%, respectively. In all, 90% of the reperfused myocardial segments showed an improvement of uptake. Of these, 61% exhibited increased turnover after revascularization and 39% had pathologic turnover and thus a dissociation of improvement of perfusion and oxidative metabolism after surgery. Offprint requests to: J. Kropp     

Internal hernia complications of gastric bypass surgery in the acute setting: spectrum of imaging findings

Bariatric surgery is increasingly becoming an option for the treatment of morbid obesity. Patients who have undergone gastric bypass surgery have varied post-surgical complications which present acutely in the emergency medical setting, particularly internal hernias. It may be difficult to identify an internal hernia in the absence of intestinal obstruction. This article will review the various types of imaging presentations to highlight the complexity of making a radiographic diagnosis. Recognition of internal hernia as the cause of intermittent or acute abdominal pain symptoms in these patients in the emergency setting can prompt immediate surgical intervention, thus avoiding life-threatening outcomes.     

右美托咪定用于体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者临床观察

目的评价右美托咪定用于体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术患者的临床效果。方法选择我院2013年1月至2014年1月择期拟在全麻及CPB下行心脏瓣膜置换术患者60例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和生理盐水对照组(C组),每组30例。麻醉诱导后,D组经10 min静脉输注右美托咪定1μg/kg,随后以0.5μg/(kg·h)速度输注至术毕;C组以同样方法静脉输注等容量生理盐水。分别于麻醉诱导前(T_0)、停CPB后10 min(T_1)、术毕(T_2)、术后6 h(T_3)和术后24 h(T_4)时采集静脉血样,采用ELISA法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)以及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(CTnI)的水平;并记录两组患者主动脉开放后心脏自动复跳情况和术中血管活性药物(多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素)使用情况。结果与T_0时比较,T_1~T_4时两组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10及CK-MB、CTnI浓度升高(P<0.05);与C组比较,D组T_1~T_4时血清TNF-α及IL-6浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高,T_3~T_4时血清CK-MB及CTnI浓度降低,主动脉开放后心脏自动复跳率升高,术中多巴胺用量、去甲肾上腺素用量及肾上腺素使用率降低(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定可减轻CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者围术期炎性反应,并可产生一定的心肌保护作用。     

Prognostic value of ECG-gated thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography in patients with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of reversible impairment in LV function has been well described and is known as myocardial stunning. OBJECTIVE: Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion gated SPECT was used to evaluate myocardial stunning and its incremental prognostic value in patients with coronary artery disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients (aged 63+/-11 years) with coronary artery disease were included in this study. All subjects underwent exercise thallium scintigraphy. ECG-gated SPECT was obtained both at post-stress (10 minutes after the injection of 111 MBq of thallium at the time of peak exercise) and at rest (180 minutes). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and end-systolic and end-diastolic volume (ESV, EDV) were determined by a quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) program. RESULTS: Follow-up was complete in all patients (mean 569 days). The magnitude of the depression of post-stress LVEF relative to the rest LVEF was correlated with the severity of ischemia (p < 0.05). The group with a median LVEF of more than 45% had a significantly higher event-free rate (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Assessment of post-stress left ventricular function by gated-SPECT provides incremental prognostic information and is useful in predicting cardiac events in patients with suspected or definite coronary artery disease.     

双侧精索静脉曲张行左侧精索静脉腹壁下静脉搭桥术的疗效观察

目的探索双侧精索静脉曲张仅行左侧精索静脉腹壁下静脉搭桥术的疗效。方法 45例双侧精索静脉曲张患者,在腰硬联合麻醉下行左侧精索静脉腹壁下静脉搭桥术,右侧不做治疗。结果 45例患者中右侧精索静脉曲张轻度33例,中度12例,术后3～12个月彩色多普勒超声复查,双侧精索静脉血流反流信号均消失,右侧精索静脉40例转为正常,5例转为轻度;左侧33例正常,12例转为轻度。结论双侧精索静脉曲张右侧不做治疗,行左侧精索静脉腹壁下静脉搭桥术是安全、有效的。     

心脏瓣膜手术前行冠状动脉造影及同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术分析

目的探讨心脏瓣膜病患者术前选择性行冠状动脉造影及同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果及经验。方法对211例50岁以上行心脏瓣膜手术的患者进行统计,其中男104人,女107人,年龄50~75岁(60±3·5岁)。术前对有心绞痛等相关症状、糖尿病、高脂血症、心电图存在缺血等冠心病高危因素的患者行冠状动脉造影,冠状动脉狭窄超过50%为阳性,狭窄超过75%(左主干超过50%)者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果211例患者中行冠状动脉造影术128例(60·7%,其余患者无症状及相关危险因素未造影),其中30例冠状动脉存在单支或多支病变,狭窄程度>50%,造影阳性率23·4%。同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术24例(80·0%),手术死亡1例,其余患者随诊4~38个月,效果良好。结论50岁以上瓣膜病患者术前行冠状动脉造影可为术前诊断和排除冠心病、选择术式提供帮助。     

肥胖合并2型糖尿病患者胃旁路手术后相关指标的变化

 目的 探讨肥胖合并2型糖尿病患者腹腔镜胃旁路手术(LRYGB)后相关指标的变化。方法 回顾性分析2011-03至2012-02在原武警总医院普外科接受LRYGB的52例肥胖合并2型糖尿病患者的临床资料,分别在术前、术后3、6、12个月,采用人体成分分析仪检测全身脂肪总量和非脂肪总量变化,通过日本东芝公司80排螺旋CT+美国明维思公司校准体模和定量CT(QCT)分析软件,记录腹部总体脂肪体积(TAFV)、腹部内脏脂肪总体积(TVFV)和腹部皮下脂肪总体积(TSFV)的变化;同时测定相应时间点血清瘦素、脂联素(APN)及糖脂代谢指标,部分指标随访5年。结果 (1)术后12个月糖尿病达标率为86.5%,肥胖症治愈率为67.3%,术后各时间点空腹胰岛素(Fins)和HOMA-IR数值呈逐渐下降趋势,仅在术后12个月和术后5年明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。与术前相比,在术后12个月三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(CH)下降明显,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后5年TG略有升高,但与术前差异仍有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。(2)与术前相比,术后6、12个月和2年瘦素下降明显,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后APN在术后3个月略有下降,然后呈逐渐升高趋势,在术后12个月和2年APN数值显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。(3)术后各时间点体重和BMI均呈下降趋势,术后5年下降明显,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。术后非脂肪总量有下降趋势,但仅在术后5年时变化明显。与术前相比,术后6个月TVFV显著下降,术后12个月TSFV显著下降,术后5年TSFV和TVFV均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 LRYGB术后腹部内脏脂肪较皮下脂肪减少更为显著,伴血清瘦素降低和APN增高。     

缺血预适应在急性心肌梗死患者中的临床研究

目的：探讨缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,MI）患者梗死面积和左室功能的近期影响。方法：109例行选择性冠状动脉造影和多普勒超声心动图的首次AMI患者,分组比较IP对肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值浓度和左室功能的影响。分为2组：IP组（有梗死前心绞痛）51例;非IP组（无梗死前心绞痛组）58例。结果：CK、CK-MB的峰值浓度IP组显著低于非IP组（P〈0.01）,LVEF值IP组显著高于非IP组（P〈0.05）,二尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值流速（PE）/舒张晚期血流峰值流速（PA）：IP组显著高于非IP组（P〈0.05）。结论：缺血预适应能够限制AMI患者梗死面积,保护左室功能。     

梗塞前心绞痛对急诊冠脉再通病人心梗范围的限制作用

目的 :了解急性心肌梗塞前 2 4h内的心绞痛对急性心梗再灌注成功患者的心肌是否有保护作用。方法 :经静脉溶栓或 /和PTCA治疗成功的急性心梗患者 5 0例 ,根据心梗前 2 4h有无心前区疼痛分为A和B二组 ,比较两组CK峰值、QRS计分、CK峰值指数 (CK峰值 /QRS计分 ) ,分析影响心梗面积的因素。结果 :QRS计分与CK峰值呈直线相关关系 ,而与入院时间、年龄等因素无关 ;虽然冠脉的病变程度、CK峰值两组无显著差异 ,但CK峰值指数A组为 5 5 4.2± 40 1.2 ,B组为 75 0 .5± 6 0 3.3;胸痛组有降低趋势 (P =0 .15 8)。结论 :提示梗塞前心绞痛可能对心梗再灌注成功患者的心肌有一定保护作用。     

冠脉搭桥、瓣膜置换术同期实施超声消融术治疗心房颤动

目的对于行冠状动脉旁路移植或瓣膜置换术伴有心房颤动的病人同期实施经心外膜途径的超声消融术治疗房颤的治疗效果进行随访总结。方法选择房颤病史>6个月的89名病人,其中永久性房颤67人,阵发性房颤22人,所有病人需同期实施冠状动脉旁路移植术或瓣膜手术。首先在心脏跳动下,应用Epico Cinch装置行经心外膜途径围绕肺静脉的房颤超声消融术,随后采用EpicoWand装置在肺静脉环形消融线与二尖瓣环之间附加一条消融线,然后行冠状动脉旁路移植术、瓣膜置换术或瓣膜成形术。结果术后6～12个月随访时,房颤治愈率为83%,其中永久性房颤的治愈率为78%,阵发性房颤的治愈率为100%。房颤的治愈率与房颤病史长短及房颤的类型有关。结论在心脏跳动下经心外膜途径的超声消融术对于冠心病和瓣膜病等器质性心脏病所合并的心房颤动是一种安全可行、简便有效的治疗方法。     

胃转流术对GK大鼠胰岛纤维化的影响

目的探讨胃转流术对GK大鼠胰岛纤维化的影响。方法雄性GK大鼠40只,高脂饲料喂养1 w模后,随机分为手术组和假手术组各20只。手术组行胃转流术,假手术组行胃窦十二指肠离断原位吻合术,分别于术前、术后1、2、4 w,测定各组空腹血糖、口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）后2 h血糖;术后4 w,分别采用免疫组化及免疫荧光双染检测各组胰岛内胰岛素、纤维连接蛋白（FN）、胶原蛋白-Ⅲ（CO-Ⅲ）和巨噬细胞的表达水平。采用Image-Pro plus 6.0图像分析软件测定胰岛素含量及FN、CO-Ⅲ和巨噬细胞表达情况。结果与术前相比,手术组术后2、4 w的空腹和术后4 w的OGTT 2 h血糖显著降低（P〈0.05）;与假手术组相比,手术组术后2、4 w空腹和术后4 w的OGTT 2 h血糖显著降低（P〈0.01）;与假手术组比较,手术组术后4 w单位胰岛面积中FN、CO-Ⅲ、巨噬细胞的累计光密度值（IOD）明显降低（P〈0.05）,胰岛素的IOD明显增高（P〈0.05）;术后4 w,手术组较假手术组的胰岛形态规则。结论胃转流术后,GK大鼠胰岛的纤维化有所减轻,是其治疗2型糖尿病的可能机制之一。     

复发性卵巢上皮癌再次肿瘤细胞减灭术的临床意义及影响预后的因素

目的探讨再次肿瘤细胞减灭术（secondarycytoreductivesurgery,SCS）在复发性卵巢上皮癌（简称卵巢癌）治疗中的作用及影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析复发性卵巢癌107例,按其治疗方式分为3组：手术组（化疗＋SCS）41例,单纯化疗组47例,未治疗组19例。比较其中位生存期,分析影响预后的因素。结果手术组、单纯化疗组的中位生存时间分别为29、23个月,两组间差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,未治疗组中位生存时间为7个月,与其他两组相比有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。在手术组中,SCS后肉眼完全切除与未完全切除的中位生存时间相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多变量分析中,无疾病间期（disease—freeintervals,DFI）〉12个月、单个复发灶、最大复发灶直径≤5cm,再次手术残余灶肉眼完全切除的患者中位生存期明显延长。结论满意的SCS和二线化疗均可改善患者预后;实施SCS应遵循个体化原则,筛选适当的患者,以更好地提高患者生存质量。