具有温储备失效特征和单重休假Min(N,V)-控制策略的M/G/1可修排队系统

本文考虑具有温储备失效特征和单重休假Min(N,V)-控制策略的M/G/1可修排队系统.在该系统中,服务台有两类故障:一类是服务台在服务员"广义忙期"中可能发生的故障,另一类是服务台在没有为顾客服务的时间段内可能发生的温储备故障,且假设两类故障具有不同的故障率和修复率.运用全概率分解技术、拉普拉斯变换工具以及更新过程理论,研究了系统的瞬态队长分布和稳态队长分布,获得了瞬态队长分布的拉普拉斯变换的递推表达式,得到了在系统容量的优化设计中有重要应用价值的稳态队长分布的递推结果,并证明了稳态队长的随机分解性质.同时还讨论了当休假时间V=0,V→∞与温储备寿命时间Y→∞时的特殊情形.最后,建立了系统长期单位时间内总成本费用函数,用数值计算例子讨论了最优控制策略N~*.     

具有两类失效模式的D-策略M/G/1可修排队系统分析

研究具有两类失效模式的D策略M/G/1可修排队系统,其中第一类失效是服务台在服务顾客期间发生的失效,第二类失效是服务台在空闲期间发生的失效,且两类失效模式的失效率不同.使用全概率分解技术和利用拉普拉斯变换与母函数等工具,从任意初始状态出发,讨论了系统队长的瞬时分布和稳态分布,获得了系统稳态队长分布的递推表达式与稳态队长的随机分解结果.进一步,在建立费用模型的基础上,通过数值计算实例讨论了使得系统在长期单位时间内达到最小值的最优控制策略D^*,并在同一组参数取值下与服务台不发生故障时的最优控制策略进行了比较.     

相依修理的可修排队系统 MAP/PH(M/PH)/2

系统地研究了两个不同并行服务台的可修排队系统MAP/PH(M/PH)/2,其中两个不同的服务台拥有一个修理工.若其中一台处于修理状态,则另一台失效后就处于待修状态.利用拟生灭过程理论,我们首先讨论了两个服务台的广义服务时间的相依性,然后给出了系统的稳态可用度和稳态故障度,最后得到了系统首次失效前的时间分布及其均值.     

具有两类失效模式的D-策略M/G/1可修排队系统分析

研究具有两类失效模式的D-策略M/G/1可修排队系统,其中第一类失效是服务台在服务顾客期间发生的失效,第二类失效是服务台在空闲期间发生的失效,且两类失效模式的失效率不同.使用全概率分解技术和利用拉普拉斯变换与母函数等工具,从任意初始状态出发,讨论了系统队长的瞬时分布和稳态分布,获得了系统稳态队长分布的递推表达式与稳态队长的随机分解结果.进一步,在建立费用模型的基础上,通过数值计算实例讨论了使得系统在长期单位时间内达到最小值的最优控制策略D~*,并在同一组参数取值下与服务台不发生故障时的最优控制策略进行了比较.     

具有Bernoulli反馈和Min(N,D)-策略控制的Geo~(λ_1,λ_2)/G/1离散时间可修排队的可靠性分析

考虑具有Bernoulli反馈,可变到达率以及Min(Ⅳ,D)-策略控制的Geo/G/1离散时间可修排队系统的可靠性指标.服务台在服务过程中可能发生故障,顾客的到达率依赖于服务员的状态.使用更新理论,全概率分解技术和概率母函数方法,首先讨论了服务员在任意时刻n~+处于忙的瞬态概率和稳态概率.其次,分析了一些可靠性指标,如服务台的瞬态和稳态不可用度、时间段(0~+,n~+]内服务台的平均故障次数和稳态故障频度.所得结果揭示了可靠性指标的随机分解性质.利用本文的结论直接给出了一些特殊离散时间可修排队系统的可靠性指标.最后,通过数值实例分析了系统参数对可靠性指标的影响.     

修理设备可更换的N-策略延迟不中断单重休假M/G/1可修排队系统分析

该文考虑具有N-策略和延迟不中断单重休假的M/G/1可修排队系统,其中修理设备在修理故障服务台期间可发生故障且可更换.该文运用更新过程理论,全概率分解技术和拉普拉斯变换工具,讨论了服务台和修理设备的可靠性指标,比如服务台和修理设备的瞬态不可用度,稳态故障频度以及在时间(0,t]内的平均故障次数等,并且对服务台的稳态不可用度和稳态故障频度进行了参数敏感性分析.     

具有两阶段服务和服务台故障M/M/1/N多重休假排队系统

研究了具有两阶段服务和服务台故障的M/M/1/N多重休假排队系统.利用马尔可夫过程理论建立了系统稳态概率方程组,并利用分块矩阵解法,得到了稳态概率的矩阵解.然后由此得出了系统的平均队长、平均等待队长等性能指标.     

M/G1/1型可修排队的强度守恒律分析

用从平稳点过程和Palm分布理论推得的强度守恒律尝试研究了寿命为一般分布的M／G1／1型可修排队系统,在求得模型稳态工作量和拟虚等待时间表达式的基础上,得到了服务台的首次故障前时间,系统可用度,平均失效概率,服务台平均失效次数和系统故障频度等．有趣的是,当寿命分布取其特例指数分布时,与文选中已知的结果完全一致．     

在延迟Min(N,D)-控制策略下修理设备可更换的M/G/1可修排队系统及最优控制策略

该文考虑基于延迟Min(N,D)-策略M/G/1可修排队系统,其中修理设备在修理故障服务台期间可发生故障且可更换.使用全概率分解技术和拉普拉斯变换工具,分别讨论了服务台和修理设备的瞬态不可用度和稳态不可用度、(0, t]时间内的平均故障次数和稳态故障频度.最后在给定的费用结构下,用数值计算实例确定了使系统长期单位时间内期望费用最小的最优控制策略(N~*,D~*).     

服务台可修的N-策略单重休假M/G/1排队系统的可靠性分析

本文研究服务台可修的N-策略单重休假M/G/1排队系统,假定服务台的寿命有负指数分布和修理时间有任意分布,通过使用全概率分解技术和拉普拉斯变换,讨论了服务台的首次失效时间分布、不可用度和故障频度等可靠性指标,获得了服务台的一系列可靠性结果.     

Performance and reliability analysis of a repairable discrete‐time Geo/G/1 queue with Bernoulli feedback and randomized policy

This paper is concerned with a discrete‐time G e o /G /1 repairable queueing system with Bernoulli feedback and randomized ‐policy. The service station may be subject to failures randomly during serving customers and therefore is sent for repair immediately. The ‐policy means that when the number of customers in the system reaches a given threshold value N , the deactivated server is turned on with probability p or is still left off with probability 1?p . Applying the law of total probability decomposition, the renewal theory and the probability generating function technique, we investigate the queueing performance measures and reliability indices simultaneously in our work. Both the transient queue length distribution and the recursive expressions of the steady‐state queue length distribution at various epochs are explicitly derived. Meanwhile, the stochastic decomposition property is presented for the proposed model. Various reliability indices, including the transient and the steady‐state unavailability of the service station, the expected number of the service station breakdowns during the time interval and the equilibrium failure frequency of the service station are also discussed. Finally, an operating cost function is formulated, and the direct search method is employed to numerically find the optimum value of N for minimizing the system cost. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reliability-based measures for a retrial system with mixed standby components

In this paper, we consider a retrial and repairable multi-component system with mixed warm and cold standby components. It is assumed that the failure times of primary (operating) and warm standby components follow exponential distributions. When a component fails, it is sent to a service station with a single server (repairman) and no waiting space. The failed component is repaired if the server is idle and it has to enter an orbit if the server is busy. The failed component in the orbit will try to get the repair service again after an exponentially distributed random time period. The repair time also has an exponential distribution. The mean time-to-failure, MTTF, and the steady-state availability, A_T(∞), are derived in this retrial and repairable system. Using a numerical example, we compare the systems with and without retrials in terms of the cost/benefit ratios. Sensitivity analysis for the mean time-to-failure and the steady-state availability are investigated as well.     

带随机启动时间与双阈值(m,N)-策略的M/G/1可修排队系统的最优控制策略

本文研究带随机启动时间与双阈值(m,N)-策略的M/G/1可修排队系统,首先讨论系统有关的排队指标,接着研究因为故障而产生的系统的下列可靠性指标,如:服务台首次失效前的寿命分布、不可用度和(0,t]时间内的平均故障次数。最后,在建立费用模型的基础上,结合实际中检测公司检测样品的这一现实情况,研究了双阈值最优控制策略(m^*,N^*),并在同一组参数下与服务台不发生故障时系统的双阈值最优控制策略进行了比较。     

A geometric process model for M/M/1 queueing system with a repairable service station

In this paper, we study a geometric process model for M/M/1 queueing system with a repairable service station. By introducing a supplementary variable, some queueing characteristics of the system and reliability indices of the service station are derived. Then a replacement policy N for the service station by which the service station will be replaced following the Nth failure is applied. An optimal replacement policy N¹ for minimizing the long-run average cost per unit time for the service station is then determined.     

A complex discrete warm standby system with loss of units

A redundant complex discrete system is modelled through phase type distributions. The system is composed of a finite number of units, one online and the others in a warm standby arrangement. The units may undergo internal wear and/or accidental external failures. The latter may be repairable or non-repairable for the online unit, while the failures of the standby units are always repairable. The repairability of accidental failures for the online unit may be independent or not of the time elapsed up to their occurrence. The times up to failure of the online unit, the time up to accidental failure of the warm standby ones and the time needed for repair are assumed to be phase-type distributed. When a non-repairable failure occurs, the corresponding unit is removed. If all units are removed, the system is then reinitialized. The model is built and the transient and stationary distributions determined. Some measures of interest associated with the system, such as transition probabilities, availability and the conditional probability of failure are achieved in transient and stationary regimes. All measures are obtained in a matrix algebraic algorithmic form under which the model can be applied. The results in algorithmic form have been implemented computationally with Matlab. An optimization is performed when costs and rewards are present in the system. A numerical example illustrates the results and the CPU (Central Processing Unit) times for the computation are determined, showing the utility of the algorithms.     

Reliability analysis of a single warm-standby system subject to repairable and nonrepairable failures

An n-unit system provisioned with a single warm standby is investigated. The individual units are subject to repairable failures, while the entire system is subject to a nonrepairable failure at some finite but random time in the future. System performance measures for systems observed over a time interval of random duration are introduced. Two models to compute these system performance measures, one employing a policy of block replacement, and the other without a block replacement policy, are developed. Distributional assumptions involving distributions of phase type introduce matrix Laplace transformations into the calculations of the performance measures. It is shown that these measures are easily carried out on a laptop computer using Microsoft Excel. A simple economic model is used to illustrate how the performance measures may be used to determine optimal economic design specifications for the warm standby.     

Reliability of repairable redundant systems in nuclear generating stations

Markov models are presented to assess the reliability performance of redundant standby systems in nuclear generating stations. These systems are inactive during the normal station operation. However, they are required to operate for a specified period after the loss of normal power supply during emergency. The estimated probabilities of system failure are useful in deciding on the best combination of standby units and repair facilities. The proposed models are applicable to such systems as combustion turbine units in emergency service (Class III power system, emergency power supply system), and pumps in emergency coolant injection system.     

有优先权且工作故障与贮备故障后的修理时间不相同的温贮备系统的可靠性分析

为了解决开关寿命为连续随机变量且部件工作故障的修理时间与贮备故障后的修理时间各不相同的问题,利用Markov过程理论和Laplace变换方法,研究了有优先权的两不同型部件和两不同修理工组成的温贮备可修系统.假定部件的工作寿命、贮备寿命、工作故障的修理时间和贮备故障的修理时间均服从不同的指数分布,得到了该系统的可靠度Laplace变换和系统的首次故障前平均时间的解析表达式.     

Optimal control of an M/E<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis></Subscript>/1 queueing system with removable service station subject to breakdowns

In this paper we deal with a single removable service station queueing system with Poisson arrivals and Erlang distribution service times. The service station can be turned on at arrival epochs or off at departure epochs. While the service station is working, it is subject to breakdowns according to a Poisson process. When the station breaks down, it requires repair at a repair facility, where the repair times follow the negative exponential distribution. Conditions for a stable queueing system, that is steady-state, are provided. The steady-state results are derived and it is shown that the probability that the service station is busy is equal to the traffic intensity. Following the construction of the total expected cost function per unit time, we determine the optimal operating policy at minimum cost.     

Cost and probabilistic analysis of series systems with mixed standby components

This paper deals with the reliability and availability characteristics of four different series system configurations with mixed standby (include cold standby and warm standby) components. The failure times of the primary and warm standby components are assumed to be exponentially distributed with parameters λ and , respectively. The repair time distribution of each server is also exponentially distributed with parameter μ. We derive the mean time-to-failure, MTTF, and the steady-state availability, A_T(∞), for four configurations and perform comparisons. For all four configurations, comparisons are done for specific values of distribution parameters and of the cost of the components. Finally, the configurations are ranked based on: MTTF, A_T(∞), and cost/benefit where benefit is either MTTF or A_T(∞).