碳、钒含量对高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响

在ωv/ωc≈3与ωv≈10%的条件下,研究了钒、碳含量对高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：高钒高速钢的耐磨性决定于硬度与组织.硬度低于HRC 57时,耐磨性主要决定于硬度;硬度超过HRC 57之后,耐磨性主要决定于碳化钒的数量、形态、分布与基体组织.ωv=8.15%～10.20%、ωc=2.70%～3.15%时,经适当变质处理和热处理,可使团球状或团块状的碳化钒均匀分布在经1 050 ℃淬火,550 ℃回火的坚硬基体上,从而获得优良的耐磨性能.     

制备工艺对粉末高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响

采用传统熔炼工艺和粉末冶金工艺制备钒含量10%的高钒高速钢,并通过金相组织观察、硬度和冲击韧度的测量来研究制备工艺对高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:熔炼高钒高速钢碳化物粗大、分布不均,在冲击过程中大颗粒碳化钒易碎裂;而通过氮气雾化制粉+热等静压工艺,采用粒度小于50μm的细粉后,碳化钒颗粒细小(3μm)且分布均匀,在冲击过程中不易破碎,冲击吸收功达到42 J/cm2,断裂机制以碳化钒与基体的界面失效为主。     

热处理温度对W6Mo5Cr4V8In高钒高速钢组织与性能的影响

采用不同温度对用于数控机床的W6Mo5Cr4V8In新型高钒高速钢进行热处理,并进行显微组织、冲击性能和耐磨损性能的测试与分析。结果表明,随热处理温度从1 050℃提高至1 150℃,高钒高速钢的晶粒先细化后粗化,冲击性能和耐磨损性能均先提高后下降。热处理温度升高至1 080~1 150℃时,M2C型碳化物发生分解。热处理温度优选为1 080℃。与1 150℃热处理相比,热处理温度为1 080℃时高钒高速钢的冲击吸收功增大46%、磨损体积减小48%。     

CSiMnCrVNb细晶钢的组织与性能

对于微合金化的碳的质量分数为0.15%～0.35%的CSiMnCrVNb合金钢,通过控制锻造比获得11～12级奥氏体原始晶粒.研究了试验钢的磨擦磨损行为,结果表明:于摩擦磨损条件下,碳含量较低的试验钢随载荷及磨损速度的增加,其磨损形式逐渐由显微切削转变为严重的粘着磨损并伴有疲劳剥落现象;碳含量较高的试验钢随载荷和磨损速度的增加,其磨损形式仍以显微切削为主,但犟沟变宽、加深,并伴有轻度粘着磨损及疲劳剥落现象.在动载冲击磨损条件下,其磨损形式以磨料磨损为主.碳的质量分数为0.35%的试验钢具有较好的组织、综合力学性能,在磨损过程中既可以抵抗石英砂磨粒的切削,又可以减少表面金属的剥落,表现出较佳的耐磨性.     

“双层金属布”硬质涂层耐磨性能的研究

对复合在钢基体上的WC-Ni-Fe-Co系“双层金属布”硬质涂层的相对耐磨系数ε进行了测定,对比耐磨件是HRC60的高速钢,实验采用磨粒磨损和摩擦磨损,实验结果表明WC-Ni-Fe-Co系“双层金属布”涂层耐磨性明显优于高速钢（HRC60）,涂层耐磨性主要与WC相含量有关。     

通用高速钢中碳化物的X—射线衍射法定量测定

高速钢的主要性能要求是具有高的高温硬度与耐磨性.为了达到这个目的,要使高速钢在组织上有大量颗粒不同的合金碳化物及合金化的α-Fe基体.所以,研究高速钢中碳化物相随钢中碳含量,合金元素及热处理制度变化的溶解析出规律,从而找出组织结构与性能的关系,这对提高高速钢的性能将有十分重要的指导意义.通用高速钢(W_9Mo_3Cr_4V)具有强度高,韧性好,容易加工,使用寿命长,价格便宜和适用范围广等一系列优点,是一种新     

热旋锻变形对TiCN强化ASP30粉末冶金高速钢的组织及性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备TiCN强化ASP30粉末冶金高速钢棒料,研究TiCN及旋锻变形量对ASP30高速钢力学性能与显微组织的影响,并研究其摩擦磨损行为。结果表明,添加质量分数5%的TiCN可明显提高ASP30的耐磨性。旋锻变形量为56%的ASP30+5%TiCN合金棒料经淬火-回火处理后,抗弯强度达到4084.99 N?mm?2,抗冲击韧性达到14.55 J?cm?2,相较于未旋锻态,其强韧性得到明显提升。在反复径向旋锻变形作用下,TiCN硬质相明显破碎,呈弥散颗粒状分布,且旋锻可以促进TiCN生成核壳结构,硬质相与基体之间的润湿性与结合能力得到提高,抑制了磨削过程中硬质相/基体间裂纹的产生。     

低合金高性能高速钢研究

本文研究了一种新型低合金高性能高速钢D601,其各项性能接近或略超过通用高速钢M2。该钢合金元素含量较M2大为减少,用该钢制造的刀具寿命与M2相当。文中研究了在不同切削速度下一次碳化物对高速钢工具耐磨性的影响。实验结果表明一次碳化物对中速切削刀具耐磨性影响不大,而对低速切削刀具有良好作用。相分析结果研究表明:D601根据平衡碳原理设计的合金元素含量,使其获得了良好的二次硬化效果。研究发现:在高速钢中减少合金元素含量(因此一次碳化物含量随之减少),同时保证淬火基体中碳和合金元素的合理平衡,回火后高速钢仍能获得高硬度和红硬性而保证良好的切削性能。     

含硼高速钢轧辊的组织和性能

 设计了5种高速钢轧辊材料,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段,并通过硬度测试、冲击韧性试验和磨损试验,对含硼低合金高速钢轧辊材料在铸态、回火后的组织与性能及其耐磨性进行了系统研究。结果表明,含硼低合金高速钢轧辊材料铸态组织包括马氏体基体、残余奥氏体和不同种类的碳硼化合物,其铸态硬度大于HRC 64,碳硼化合物沿晶界呈网状分布。经RE-Mg-Ti复合变质处理后,晶界出现明显的颈缩和断网。对轧辊材料进行回火发现,随着回火温度的升高,轧辊硬度逐渐降低。相同条件下,未变质轧辊材料的韧性较变质轧辊材料韧性略低,加入过量的变质剂反而降低轧辊材料的韧性。磨损试验发现,经RE-Mg-Ti复合变质的含硼高速钢的耐磨性大于对比试样高碳高钒高速钢的耐磨性。     

含碳量对Fe—20%Cr合金高温耐磨性的影响

本文用自制的高温磨损试验机对碳含量0.82～2.94％的Fe-20％Cr合金进行了800℃下的高温磨损试验,并用扫描电镜观察了磨损面和磨损面亚表面的情况。主要结论:(1)在本试验的磨损条件下增加碳含量将有益于提高800℃下材料的耐磨性。(2)由于在高温下基体的塑性变形使碳化物产生了碎裂,因此,提高基体抵抗塑性变形的能力将对支撑碳化物并使材料的高温磨损耐磨性的提高起到重要的作用。     

Effect of Alloying Elements on Thermal Wear of Cast Hot-Forging Die Steels

The effect of main alloying elements on thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steels was studied. The wear mechanism was discussed. The results show that alloying elements have significant influences on the thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steels. The wear rates decrease with an increase in chromium content from 3% to 4% and molybdenum content from 2% to 3%, respectively. With further increase of chromium and molybdenum contents, chromium slightly reduces the wear resistance and molybdenum severely deteriorates the wear resistance with high wear rate. Lower vanadium/carbon ratio （1.5-2.5） leads to a lower wear resistance with higher wear rate. With an increase in vanadium/carbon ratio, the wear resistance of the cast steel substantially increases. When vanadium/carbon ratio is 3, the wear rate reaches the lowest value. The predominant mechanism of thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steels are oxidation wear and fatigue delamination. The Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 or lumps of brittle wear debris are formed on the wear surface.     

Effects of Alloying Elements on Microstructure,Hardness, Wear Resistance,and Surface Roughness of Centrifugally Cast High-Speed Steel Rolls

A study was made of the effects of carbon, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium on the wear resistance and surface roughness of five high-speed steel (HSS) rolls manufactured by the centrifugal casting method. High-temperature wear tests were conducted on these rolls to experimentally simulate the wear process during hot rolling. The HSS rolls contained a large amount (up to 25 vol pct) of carbides, such as MC, M₂C, and M₇C₃ carbides formed in the tempered martensite matrix. The matrix consisted mainly of tempered lath martensite when the carbon content in the matrix was small, and contained a considerable amount of tempered plate martensite when the carbon content increased. The high-temperature wear test results indicated that the wear resistance and surface roughness of the rolls were enhanced when the amount of hard MC carbides formed inside solidification cells increased and their distribution was homogeneous. The best wear resistance and surface roughness were obtained from a roll in which a large amount of MC carbides were homogeneously distributed in the tempered lath martensite matrix. The appropriate contents of the carbon equivalent, tungsten equivalent, and vanadium were 2.0 to 2.3, 9 to 10, and 5 to 6 pct, respectively.     

Effects of Cr and V additions on the microstructure and properties of high-vanadium wear-resistant alloy steel

The effects of chromium and vanadium additions on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of high-vanadium alloy steel (containing 5–10 wt-% V and 2–10 wt-% Cr) were studied by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Vickers hardness and Rockwell-hardness tester & M-200 ring block wear tester. Researching results showed that the solidification structure of high-vanadium wear-resistant alloy steel was mainly consisted α-Fe (martensite), vanadium carbide (VC), M₃C and M₇C₃. Vanadium is mainly distributed over VC, and certain amount of vanadium exists in the matrix and M₇C₃ type eutectic carbide. Chromium is mainly distributed over the M₇C₃, and the matrix also contains a small quantity of chromium. It is found that the content of VC increases with the increase of vanadium content when carbon and chromium contents are constant. The change of micro- and macro-hardness was not obvious with the increase of vanadium content. The content of M₇C₃ type eutectic carbides increases gradually with the increase of chromium content when carbon and vanadium contents are constant. The micro- and macro-hardness increases with the increase of chromium content. The increase of vanadium content brings to the increase of wear resistance of alloy steel when carbon and chromium contents are constant. The change of chromium content had no obvious effect on wear resistance of high-vanadium alloy steel when carbon and vanadium contents. The increase of vanadium content brings to the increase of wear resistance of alloy steel when carbon and chromium contents are constant. The wear resistance of as-cast high-vanadium alloy steel is the best when the content of vanadium and chromium is 10 wt-% and 5 wt-% respectively.     

高碳高钼高速钢导辊的研究与应用

导辊是高速线材轧机上的主要消耗工具 ,要求高耐磨性、抗粘钢性和热疲劳抗力。普通奥氏体耐热钢 ,马氏体耐磨钢或耐磨铸铁导辊满足不了上述要求 ,使用寿命短 ,降低了轧机作业率。硬质合金导辊具有良好的耐磨性和高温稳定性 ,使用效果好 ,但生产成本高。高碳高钼高速钢具有硬度高、红硬性和耐磨性好等特点 ,但铸造高速钢脆性大 ,采用RE -Mg -Ti复合变质处理 ,可以改变共晶碳化物的形态和分布 ,使铸造高速钢冲击韧性提高 86 .2 % ,热疲劳抗力和耐磨性也明显改善。变质处理高速钢导辊使用中不粘钢、不破碎、不剥落 ,使用寿命比高Ni-Cr合金铸钢导辊提高 3倍以上 ,接近硬质合金导辊     

新型中锰马氏体高强度钢的耐磨性能

 利用销盘式磨料磨损试验和三体冲击磨料磨损试验研究碳质量分数分别为0.12%和0.19%新型中锰马氏体高强度钢的磨损行为,并与Hardox450钢和21C钢进行耐磨性能对比。用磨损失重量表征耐磨性能,利用LOM、SEM和XRD等设备研究材料磨料磨损机制。结果表明,新型中锰钢耐磨性能与Hardox450钢及21C钢相当。在销盘式磨料磨损试验和三体冲击磨料磨损试验中,马氏体高强钢的耐磨性能与材料的硬度呈线性关系,硬度越高,材料耐磨性越好。由于锰的添加,新型中锰钢的优点不仅在于具有锰的固溶强化特性提高耐磨性能,还在于该钢的淬透性几乎与该钢的冷却速度无关,因而该钢具有大规模工业生产的潜力。     

Composition, microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of high-speed steel rolls

The effects of alloying elements on the microstructural factors, hardness, and wear properties of four high-speed steel (HSS) rolls fabricated by centrifugal casting were investigated. A hot-rolling simulation test was carried out using a high-temperature wear tester capable of controlling speed, load, and temperature. The test results revealed that the HSS roll containing a larger amount of vanadium showed the best wear resistance because it contained a number of hard MC-type carbides. However, it showed a very rough roll surface because of cracking along cell boundaries, the preferential removal of the matrix, and the sticking of the rolled material onto the roll surface during the wear process, thereby leading to an increase in the friction coefficient and rolling force. In order to improve wear resistance with consideration to surface roughness, it is suggested that a reduction in the vanadium content, an increase in solid-solution hardening by adding alloying elements, an increase in secondary hardening by precipitation of fine carbides in the matrix, and formation of refined prior austenite grains by preaustenitization treatment be employed to strengthen the matrix, which can hold hard carbides in it.     

钒对25CrMnB钢履带板耐磨性能的影响

针对现有履带板容易因快速磨损而造成早期失效的问题,以25CrMnB作为对比钢,分别添加了0.08%、0.12%和0.16%的V,在实验室采用150 kg中频真空感应炉冶炼并浇铸成50 kg的钢锭,钢锭经过箱式电阻炉加热后轧制成12 mm厚扁钢。通过耐磨性试验、析出相分析等方法,研究了不同钒含量对其耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,随着钢中钒含量的增加,钒的析出物数量增加,试验钢的硬度和耐磨性均大幅提升,当钢中V含量由0.004%增加到0.16%时,试验钢的HRC硬度值从36.5提高到43.5,与25CrMnB钢相比,其相对磨损率由100%降低到88.2%,相对磨损率降低了11. 8%。     

硅对贝氏体铸钢高应力冲击磨损性能的影响

研究了不同硅含量（0．7％－2．4％,质量分数,下同）贝氏体铸钢的抗高应力磨损性能和失效机制。结果表明：高效硅贝氏体铸钢的耐磨性能较低硅钢显提高,其磨损失重约是低硅贝氏体铸钢的1．2,这是因为硅使氏体铸钢在高应力冲击磨损下表现出不同的失效机制。低硅（0．7％）贝氏体铸钢由于韧性低、组织结构粗大及树枝晶的微区成分偏析,故材料抵抗冲击的能力很低,常在表面还未形成强烈变形层（白层）甚至变形层时,就在变形层和材料基体内产生裂纹并扩展,故低硅贝氏体铸钢的失铲方式为变形层和基体剥落机制。而硅含量为1．65－2．4％的高硅贝氏体铸钢,因脆性的渗碳体被韧性的残余奥氏体所代替,钢的韧性显提高,失效方式表现为白层的剥落机制。