老年高血压病患者旅行卫生保健

老年高血压病患者是旅行中的特殊人群.本文论述了老年高血压的定义、形成机理及特点,以及老年高血压病患者在旅行前及旅行中的卫生保健,对老年高血压病患者在旅行中保持血压稳定及预防脑血管意外等高血压严重并发症的发生有重要意义.     

Elder choice and health care costs

While strategists struggle with the dilemmas of health care, they seem to overlook a practice that might simultaneously relieve the suffering of elder patients and limit the costs of their treatment. If elder patients were given a clear opportunity to choose, many might reject the costly procedures that keep them breathing in misery during the last weeks, months, and even years of their survival. Other elders who see the clouds of debility approaching might be freed of the dread of endless imprisonment in a nursing home. Empowering elders to make these choices does not require changes in law, but only changes in how we provide and finance care.     

Elder abuse and one community's response

Elder abuse has come to be recognized as any act of both commission or omission that causes harm or loss to elderly people. This can include active or passive neglect, violence, sexual or emotional abuse, various kinds of theft, and deprivation of the person's human rights. Elder abuse has many causes. The Hastings and Prince Edward Council on Aging developed an Elder Abuse Community Response Protocol to help address this problem.     

左氧氟沙星治疗老年人常见感染的评价

目的 评价左氧氟沙星治疗老年人肺部感染、肠道感染及尿路感染的疗效，抗菌谱及不良反应。方法 左氧氟沙星治疗老年人肺部感染20例、尿路感染6例、肠道感染4例，给予左氧氟沙星300～600mg／d，观察临床症状及实验室变化、细菌学检查，评价临床疗效及细菌学疗效。结果 临床总有效率86．6％，细菌清除率为88.9％，不良反应较少，且能耐受。结论 左氧氟沙星治疗老年人肺部感染、肠道感染及尿路感染疗效佳，使用安全。     

加替沙星治疗老年患者肺部感染疗效观察

目的评价加替沙星治疗老年患者肺部感染的疗效和安全性. 方法加替沙星治疗老年患者肺部感染32例,给予加替沙星400mg /d,观察临床症状及实验室检查、细菌学检查,评价临床疗效及细菌学疗效. 结果临床总有效率90.62%,细菌清除率为91.66%,不良反应少,且能耐受. 结论加替沙星治疗老年患者肺部感染疗效佳,使用安全.     

老年住院患者常见意外伤害及防范对策

目的分析老年住院患者的常见意外伤害,制订有效的防范措施,提高老年患者住院的安全性。方法针对老年住院患者的特殊性和我科存在的薄弱环节,结合实际工作,在患者住院全过程实施流程环节管理,制定并全面落实各项防范对策。结果有效地防范了意外跌倒、坠床、皮肤受损、误吸、走失、烫伤等意外伤害发生。结论护理管理者及各级护理人员重视护理安全,严格执行各项护理管理措施,可以提高护理质量和护理安全水平,避免意外伤害事件的发生。     

Elder health programs in state health agencies.

Due to the rapid rise in the population of those aged 65 and older, public health programs that target this group merit special attention. State health agencies can play leading roles in providing and coordinating elder health programs by identifying needs and formulating guidelines in collaboration with federal, local, and private organizations. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health initiated the Elder Health Programs Unit in 1988, with a mission to assist elders in maintaining their highest level of functional status in community settings and to provide opportunities for older adults to take greater responsibility for their own health. The extent of involvement in elder health programming of other state health agencies outside of Massachusetts is not well documented. Through the distribution of a national survey, we set out to determine how many state health agencies offer elder health services.     

生物电阻抗测定用于老年人体成分分析

目的了解老年人体成分含量和其构成比特点。方法采用人体成分分析仪对随机入选本院门诊因老年退行性骨关节病理疗和/或康复训练的30例老年人进行人体成分测定分析(老年组);同时测定20名本院男性中青年健康职工人体成分,作为对照(中青年组)。结果老年组和中青年组人体成分:体脂百分比老年组(28.8±5.7)%明显高于中青年组(19.8±5.7)%,差异有显著性(P<0.001);肌肉和矿物质含量老年组明显低于中青年组,差异有显著性(P<0.001);水肿指数老年组有22例高于正常值,中青年组只有1人高于正常值。上肢,下肢和躯干各阶段非脂肪物质含量和其占体重百分比老年组均明显低于中青年组,差异有显著性(P均<0.001)。体内水含量占体重百分比:细胞外液含量老年组(17.5±1.4)%,青年组(18.2±1.2)%,差异无显著性(P>0.05);而细胞内液老年组(31.9±2.8)%明显低于中青年组(37.5±2.9)%,差异有显著性(P<0.001)。结论老年人体内肌肉含量明显减少,脂肪含量明显增多,脂肪分布不均,过多地沉积于腹部。水平衡发生变化,体液量减少主要为细胞内液减少,细胞外液相对增多。     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

Elder abuse: an overview of recent and current developments

Within the last 6 years there has been increasing recognition of the problem of elder abuse and neglect in the United Kingdom (UK). However, defining elder abuse and neglect remains problematic. Identification of those people who are abused, and their abusers, is also fraught with difficulties. Interventions with victims and perpetrators of elder abuse and neglect are in the formative stages of development. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of elder abuse and neglect, and to consider some of the difficulties in both the detection of, and intervention in, abusive situations. The dynamics of abuse will be considered, as will the need for multi-disciplinary approaches to identification, assessment and intervention.