非体外循环跳动心脏上冠脉旁路术治疗观察

目的　总结非体外循环跳动心脏上冠脉旁路术治疗体会。方法　我院自 2 0 0 1年 3月— 2 0 0 2年 5月对 6例有心绞痛 ,内科药物治疗无明显好转 ,冠脉造影确诊为 3支病变 ,不适合冠脉腔内支架治疗的病人行非体外循环跳动心脏上冠脉旁路术。女 3例 ,男 3例。年龄 5 6 6 8岁 ,平均年龄 6 1 5岁。心功能 (NYHA)ⅢIV级。左室射血分数 (LVEF) 0 4 0 6。病人均伴有陈旧性心梗。前胸正中切口 ,采用左乳内动脉和大隐静脉为移植材料。结果　本组病人术后全部存活 ,平均搭桥2 6 7根。左乳内动脉桥 6根 ,其余为大隐静脉桥。采用“蛇形桥”2例 ,近端“Y”型吻合 2例。所有病人术后心绞痛消失 ,活动量增加 ,生活质量明显提高。对手术表示满意。结论　非体外循环跳动心脏上冠脉旁路术安全 ,经济 ,有效 ,病人容易接受 ,并可应用于多支血管病变     

体外与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期情况比较研究

冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)是冠心病有效的外科治疗手段。体外循环使心内直视手术成为可能,是确保CABG成功的关键之一。非体外循环下心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)是近年来新的心内直视手术方法,由于避免了体外循环,减少了手术创伤和全身炎症反应,对患者的应激明显降低,尤其对高危患者具明显优势。为了解OPCAB与传统体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)对围术期恢复的影响,我们对180例OPCAB和190例CCABC患者进行了回顾性分析,现将结果报道如下。     

机器人非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术:7年单中心的经验与桥血管通畅性长期随访

目的 探讨机器人冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2014年11月240例接受机器人辅助非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料,其中男187例,女53例,平均年龄59岁,全机器人冠状动脉旁路移植术(TECAB)100例,机器人乳内动脉游离+胸壁小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB) 140例.术后每6个月采用冠状动脉造影或64排CT血管造影技术评估桥血管通畅性.结果 所有患者均未转为正中开胸或体外循环,共包括237例单侧乳内动脉(IMA)游离和3例双侧IMA游离,无手术死亡.24例(10％)使用杂交技术.术后随访41.1±12.9个月,无死亡、中风或心肌梗死发生.术后随访3年(最长时间91个月)的结果显示,TECAB组IMA移植通畅率为97.1％,MIDCAB组IMA移植通畅率为96.4％.结论 机器人辅助的非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术对于特定患者是安全、有效的,乳内动脉桥可以保持良好的远期通畅率.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术1 120例临床分析

目的回顾性分析1 120例冠状动脉旁路移植术,总结并探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术的外科技术及临床治疗效果.方法 1997年～2005年4月共完成冠状动脉旁路移植术1 120例,其中非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)597例,体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)523例;≥60岁的患者889例(79.4%);不稳定型心绞痛937例;术前同时合并其他疾病患者862例(77.0%),包括瓣膜病、高血压病、糖尿病、陈旧性心肌梗死、室壁瘤、室间隔穿孔、脑梗死、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、慢性肾功能不全、恶性肿瘤术后等.左主干病变176例,3支病变738例,3支以下病变382例.结果死亡4例(0.36%),总体并发症(胸骨哆开、脑梗死、纵隔炎)率1.6%.OPCAB组旁路移植2.5±0.4支,CCABG组旁路移植3.3±0.6支.左乳内动脉(LIMA)使用率94.3%,术后早期使用主动脉内气囊反搏(IABP)31例.全组随访2个月～7年.结论冠状动脉旁路移植术安全、可靠,效果满意.科学的外科策略,精湛的手术技术及麻醉和体外循环技术的改进,可使CABG术的死亡率和并发症率明显下降.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心绞痛复发的桥血管造影分析

目的分析冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后心绞痛复发患者的自体血管及桥血管的变化特点。方法对CABG术后因心绞痛复发的病例行选择性血管造影,检查冠状动脉和桥血管情况。结果24例均发现桥血管病变,血管病变以闭塞为主,占38.2%(26/68),狭窄占10.3%(7/68)。静脉桥24支完全闭塞,5支狭窄。乳内动脉桥完全闭塞和狭窄各2支。心绞痛复发还可由再血管化不完全和自体血管病变加重引起。结论CABG术后仍可以复发心绞痛,桥血管病变是主要原因,术后如发生心绞痛应该及时检查。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的:探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术临床疗效。方法:对8例实施非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病患者的临床资料、手术方法进行总结分析。结果:本组8例患者无手术死亡,术后随访3个月到1年,所有病人心绞痛症状消失,生活质量明显提高。结论:非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病安全、经济、有效,值得推广。     

老年患者冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期处理策略

目的总结65岁以上老年患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的结果,研究围术期处理策略。方法对65岁以上患者行CABG术394例进行总结,其中357例(90·6%)为不稳定型心绞痛,364例(92·4%)合并其他疾病;246例(62·4%)采用非体外循环心脏不停跳下CABG(OPCAB),148例(37·6%)选择常规体外循环下CABG(CCABG)。胸膜外技术游离左乳内动脉(LIMA),保持胸膜腔完整,常规将LIMA与左前降支吻合,其余桥用大隐静脉。术中使用即时超声血流仪测量移植血管血流,保证吻合口通畅。术后加强物理治疗和营养支持,严格控制血糖于6~10mmol/L。结果移植血管数行CCABG患者为3·1±0·6支,行OPCAB患者为2·4±0·8支;379例(96·2%)使用LIMA。全组死亡3例(0·76%),发生并发症9例(2·28%)。术后呼吸机使用时间OPCAB患者为9·7±5·4h,CCABG患者为20·3±15·0h。术后住ICU时间2·7±1·0天,住院时间11·8±5·0天。结论术前充分评估手术风险,选择恰当的手术方案,围术期进行精细处理,老年患者亦可取得良好手术效果。     

冠状动脉搭桥术10例的护理

冠状动脉搭桥术又称冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),现已成为冠心病外科治疗的唯一手术方法[1]。1临床资料自2003年至2004年共做CABG10例,均为男性,35-62岁,平均54岁。体重56-75kg,平均68kg。稳定型心绞痛4例,不稳定型心绞痛6例,均为择期手术。冠状动脉造影示2支血管病变3例,3支血管病变7例。10例患者中3例为单纯大隐静脉搭桥,7例为单纯乳内动脉搭桥或联合大隐静脉搭桥。序贯式搭桥7例,平均每例搭桥3.5支。同时行主动脉瓣替换术1例,二尖瓣成形术1例。住院平均18d。2术前准备2.1给患者心理安慰,减轻心理负担所有住院患者及亲属都有顾虑,担心手…     

乳内动脉原位转流术前后相关指标的研究现状

乳内动脉-左前降支是冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的首选桥血管,乳内动脉的解剖结构及生理功能能明显提高术后桥血管的通畅率。超声作为一种可靠、无创、易操作的检查手段不但能评估术前乳内动脉的情况及术后桥血管通畅性和远端冠状动脉的供血情况,而且可对比手术前后患者体内心肌损伤因子的变化预测心血管事件并发症的发生,以便及时精准对症处理,提高患者的预后。     

联合冠状动脉旁路移植术和其他心脏手术

目的　回顾分析联合冠状动脉旁路移植术和其他心脏手术的临床效果。方法　 134例患者中 ,75 .4 %例有Ⅲ～Ⅳ级心绞痛 (CCSS) ,5 1.2 %有个至少 1次心肌梗死史。冠状动脉造影示梗阻性病变在左主干 (LM) 34例次、左前降支 (LAD) 130例次、对角支 91例次、回旋支 84例次、右冠状动脉 80例次。伴有冠状动脉弥漫性病变 4 1例。左室射血分数 (LVEF) 18%～ 6 9% ,4 5 %～ 30 % 5 0例 ,<30 % 13例 ;伴左心室壁瘤 5 6例 ,同时伴瓣膜功能不全 4 2例。全部患者均在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,对 36例伴有冠状动脉弥漫性病变者同期激光心肌打孔 (TMLR) ,同期左心室壁瘤切除三明治式缝合11例 ,巨大室壁瘤心内补片左室成形 4 5例 ;同期心脏瓣膜手术 4 2例 (其中 4例患者同时心脏室壁瘤切除心内补片成型 )。结果　人均旁路 2 .4 6支 ,6例患者需IABP辅助 11～ 5 4h ;2次开胸止血 6例 ;并发室上速和房颤 2 8例 ,室性心律失常 10例 ,2例电转复 ,余均药物控制 ;全组手术死亡 3例 ,死亡原因分别为严重低心排综合征 (2例 )和多脏器功能衰竭。 131例患者手术后心绞痛等症状均缓解 ,心脏功能明显改善。随访 4～ 6 0个月 (平均 12 .7个月 ) ,随访率 89% ,6 5例已恢复全日工作。结论　与单纯冠状动脉旁路多植术相比 ,联合冠     

Midterm follow-up of patients receiving radial artery as coronary artery bypass grafts using 16-detector-row CT coronary angiography

PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to evaluate the 3-year outcome of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) involving the use of the radial artery (RA) in comparison with the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and saphenous vein (SV) grafts by using 16-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients underwent electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated 16-MDCT 32+/-4 months after surgery. A total of 50 LIMA grafts, 55 SV grafts and 51 RA grafts were studied. Approximately 68.6% or RAs were free, 21.5% sequential and 9.8% composite. Grade 0 was defined as complete patency, grade 1 as focal stenosis (>70%) and grade 2 as graft occlusion. The Fisher exact test was used to analyse variables (p<0.05 significant). Concordance between readers for the detection of patency was calculated by the kappa-value. RESULTS: LIMA had the best patency rate (94.0%), followed by SV (83.6%) and RA (74.5%). Regarding RA, the patency rate by territory was 79.4% in the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), 72.7% in the left anterior descending (LAD) and 50% in the right coronary artery (RCA); the occlusion rate was 20.0% among free grafts, 18.2% among sequential grafts and 20.0% among composite grafts. The kappa-value was 0.86. CONCLUSIONS: Sixteen-slice MDCT scanners enable accurate analysis of CABG status and are a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for midterm clinical follow-up of patients who have undergone CABG involving the use of RA.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术游离大隐静脉1050例无切口感染

目的介绍冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）游离大隐静脉（GSV）无腿部切口感染的经验。方法在完成1120例CABG中,游离大隐静脉（GSV）1050例。搭桥材料常规使用原位带蒂左乳内动脉（LIMA）与左前降支吻合,其余桥采用GSV和（或）桡动脉。采用术前选择合适的GSV、术中程序化的游离方法和恰当的保护措施、术后切口的细致观察和处理,以及合并糖尿病等感染高危因素的控制等围术期综合策略,以避免腿部切口的感染。结果无一例腿部切口感染。2例糖尿病患者切口延迟愈合,创面换药后痊愈;10例术后3～4天切口少量渗液,但无感染,缝合2～3针后痊愈,未延迟出院。大部分患者出现轻度腿部水肿和皮下淤血,个别患者述切口部位感觉麻木。随访3个月～2年,绝大多数术后3个月内感觉恢复正常,水肿消退。结论程序化的GSV游离方法和细致的围术期处理可以避免腿部切口感染。     

Tc-99m tetrofosmin myocardial SPECT combined with a modified exercise protocol in an unusual case of steal phenomenon

A 61-year-old diabetic woman was referred for myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging 4 years after coronary artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery using a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft. She had 3 months' angina associated with fatigue of her left upper extremity (the patient is left-handed). Stress myocardial imaging using a Bruce protocol did not exhibit significant myocardial ischemia, but because of her typical angina symptoms, she underwent repeat stress myocardial imaging in combination with exercise of her left arm. During the aforementioned modified stress protocol, the patient reported angina, and radionuclide perfusion imaging showed extensive myocardial ischemia. The patient underwent coronary angiography and arteriography of the left subclavian artery, which revealed severe stenosis before the origin of the LIMA, resulting in reversed blood flow from the LAD artery through the LIMA graft to the left subclavian artery.     

Discrepancy between myocardial ischemia and luminal stenosis in patients with left internal mammary artery grafting to left anterior descending coronary artery

BACKGROUND: Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is known to have long-term patency. However, myocardial ischemia in the territories supplied by LIMA to LAD is still demonstrated. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between the extent, location, and clinical outcome of myocardial ischemia in LAD territories (ILAD) by use of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and angiographic characteristics of such a bypass conduit. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 38 consecutive patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting who showed stress-induced ischemia in LIMA to LAD territories by MPI single photon emission computed tomography between the years 1996-2000. All patients underwent quantitative coronary angiography within 6 months of the nuclear study. Single photon emission computed tomography parameters of ILAD were assessed by location (septum, apex, anterior, and anterolateral) and included extension score (1-4 per patient), severity score (0-3 per territory), and total sum score. LIMA to LAD quantitative coronary angiography parameters included minimal lumen diameter, lesion length, reference diameter, and diameter stenosis (percentage). LAD and LIMA diameters and ratio (in normal segments) were determined within 10 mm proximal and distal to the anastomotic site. The study group was compared with 18 control subjects without ischemia or stenosis treated with LIMA to LAD. The patients were followed up for cardiac death at an interval of 3.2 +/- 1.5 years from the time of MPI testing. The patients' mean age was 66 +/- 12 years (31 men and 7 women); the mean period after surgery was 6.2 +/- 1.5 years. The ILAD distribution was as follows: septum, 12 (32%); apex, 20 (52%); anterior, 24 (63%); and anterolateral, 18 (47%). The mean extension score was 1.9 +/- 1.0, and the mean total sum score was 3.4 +/- 2.3. Of 38 patients with ILAD, only 17 (45%) had greater than 50% luminal stenosis (2 LIMA and 15 anastomosis or distal). Among clinical variables during stress testing, the prevalence of angina was significantly higher in the luminal stenotic patients versus patients without stenosis (P =.04). A significant correlation was found between anterior wall ischemia and reference diameter (r = -0.7, P =.002) and between total sum score and minimal lumen diameter (r = -0.48, P =.05). Of note, the LAD-to-LIMA ratio was significantly lower in patients with ILAD and without luminal stenosis compared with the control group (0.73 +/- 0.16 vs 0.87 +/- 0.15, P =.004). Cardiac death occurred in 8 patients (21%), 5 patients with luminal stenosis versus 3 patients without stenosis (P = not significant). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with LIMA to LAD anastomosis, myocardial ischemia could occur even without angiographic luminal stenosis and apparently reflects a mismatch between LAD and LIMA diameters at distal anastomotic sites. Regarding the similar prevalence of cardiacdeath, invasive evaluation and aggressive treatment are recommended in all patients with ischemia in LIMA/LAD territories.     

Cardiac computed tomography in the evaluation of left anterior descending coronary artery with vein patch reconstruction

Purpose

This study evaluated the morphological and functional results of surgical reconstruction of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery with an autologous vein patch, associated with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting onto the patch.

Materials and methods

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) images were assessed in terms of functional and morphological parameters. Function was evaluated by assessing patency at 36 months of the reconstructed LAD (based on the attenuation of the native vessel distal to the anastomosis). Morphology was evaluated by studying vein-patch diameters, profiles and margins, shape and structure to categorise the patches into three groups (A, B, C). Within 1 month of CT, all patients underwent functional testing (bicycle ergometry).

Results

CT imaging correctly depicted the LAD graft, revealing it to be fully patent in all cases. On the basis of our morphological classification, 21 patients were classed as group A, two as group B and two as group C. At bicycle ergometry, 23 patients were negative and two were positive. Group C patients had the worst functional results.

Conclusions

Cardiac CT allowed adequate evaluation of the LAD graft patency and morphology, and in consideration of its noninvasive nature, it may become the imaging tool of choice for evaluating extended LAD reconstruction.     

冠心病合并心脏瓣膜疾病的手术治疗

目的总结冠心病合并心脏瓣膜疾病的外科治疗方法。方法1998年4月-2004年12月，同期治疗57例冠心病合并心脏瓣膜疾病患者，平均年龄60岁（42～78岁）；心功能Ⅱ级9例，Ⅲ级37例，Ⅳ级11例；二尖瓣病变37例，主动脉瓣病变11例，联合瓣膜病变9例；均伴有单支或多支冠状动脉病变。手术在中低温体外循环下进行。心脏停跳后先做静脉桥的远端吻合，然后处理瓣膜。心脏复苏后在升主动脉开放前完成大隐静脉与升主动脉的吻合。乳内动脉的吻合在瓣膜置换或成形后心脏复苏前完成。本组行二尖瓣成形8例，行二尖瓣置换29例，行主动脉瓣置换11例，行双瓣置换9例（其中39例为机械瓣置换，10例为进口生物瓣置换）。冠脉搭桥1～5支，平均2．7支／例。结果术后早期死亡1例，死亡率为1．75％，其余患者住院期间无严重并发症。随访6个月～7年，无死亡，患者生活质量均明显提高，心功能Ⅰ级45例，Ⅱ级11例。结论同期施行冠状动脉旁路术和心脏瓣膜术安全有效。     

体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的血流动力学对比研究

目的 分析体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期的血流动力学变化,以指导临床治疗.方法 回顾性分析2006年1-6月行搭桥手术的30例患者,其中非体外循环下搭桥手术(OPCAB)组18例,传统体外循环下搭桥手术(CCABG)组12例,OPCAB组使用血管稳定器(Octops Ⅲ型)固定靶血管,CCABG组常规插管建立体外循环,使用乳内动脉和大隐静脉与冠状动脉靶血管吻合.记录术中、术后相应时间点各项血流动力学指标的变化以及围术期相关参数的变化.结果 CCABG组麻醉时间、术中出血量、液体用量和呼吸机辅助时间明显高于OPCAB组,而术后血细胞比容(HCT)明显低于OPCAB组(P＜0.05).麻醉诱导期间两组心率(HR)、桡动脉收缩压(SAP)、桡动脉舒张压(DAP)和平均动脉压(MAP)等血流动力学指标均较术前明显降低(P＜0.05),但两组间比较无显著差异.在关胸前后及回ICU后1h、6h CCABG组中心静脉压(CVP)明显高于OPCAB组,而左室每搏功指数(LVSWI)明显低于OPCAB组.结论 两种手术方式均能改善心脏功能,但OPCAB血流动力学调控较为复杂.     

Evaluation of temporal windows for coronary artery bypass graft imaging with 64-slice CT

Temporal windows providing the best image quality of different segments and types of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) with 64-slice computed tomography (CT) were evaluated in an experimental set-up. Sixty-four-slice CT with a rotation time of 330 ms was performed in 25 patients (four female; mean age 59.9 years). A total of 84 CABGs (62 individual and 22 sequential grafts) were evaluated, including 28 internal mammary artery (33.3%), one radial artery with sequential grafting (2.4%), and 54 saphenous vein grafts (64.3%). Ten data sets were reconstructed in 10% increments of the RR-interval. Each graft was separated into segments (proximal and distal anastomosis, and body), and CABG types were grouped according to target arteries. Two readers independently assessed image quality of each CABG segment in each temporal window. Diagnostic image quality was found with good inter-observer agreement (kappa=0.62) in 98.5% (202/205) of all graft segments. Image quality was significantly better for saphenous vein grafts versus arterial grafts (P<0.001) and for distal anastomosis to the right coronary compared with other target coronary arteries (P<0.05). Overall, best image quality was found at 60%. Image quality of proximal segments did not significantly vary with the temporal window, whereas for all other segments image quality was significantly better at 60% compared with other temporal windows (P<0.05). Sixty-four-slice CT provides best image quality of various segments and types of CABG at 60% of the RR-interval.     

65例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的麻醉方法及术后恢复

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥手术(OPCABG)的麻醉方法及术后恢复。方法择期行OP-CABG患者65例,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ。采用芬太尼、维库溴铵、七氟烷等静吸复合全麻。术中随手术操作出现血流动力学的骤然变化,应用血管活性药物及时处理。监测打开心包(基础值)、前降支(LAD)搭桥、回旋支(LCX)搭桥、右冠状动脉(RCA)搭桥,吻合完毕时各时点有创动脉血压、心率HR、中心静脉压(central venous pressure CVP)。记录患者术后苏醒时间,呼吸机辅助时间、气管导管拔出时间I、CU停留时间。统计术后并发症。结果术中麻醉效果满意,血压心率可控性好易维持平稳。术后苏醒时间为(1.57±0.7)h,呼吸机辅助时间(2.2±0.7)h,气管导管拔出时间(4.42±2.7)h,ICU停留时间(1.2±0.9)d,术后并发症低,无住院期间死亡。结论 OPCAB围术期以保持血流动力学基本稳定为宗旨,合理术前用药,平稳的麻醉诱导、维持以及血管活性药物调控,对保证循环稳定、手术实施至关重要。患者术后并发症减少,恢复快。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术30例

目的总结非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)的手术体会及术后处理经验。方法采用左乳内动脉、桡动脉和大隐静脉作为移植材料,共实施OPCAB30例,搭桥79支,术后加强呼吸道管理,保持循环稳定。结果本组除1例死亡外,其余随访3~24个月心绞痛症状均消失,无心肌缺血事件发生,患者生活质量明显提高。结论非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术创伤小,恢复快,效果良好,安全经济,是一种理想的手术方法。术后保持循环稳定,加强呼吸道管理可减少并发症。