基于多元线性回归的某边坡地应力场反演分析

为解决地应力现场测试成本高、时间长、困难等问题,结合边坡地质条件,依据实测地应力资料,通过多元线性回归分析,建立了合适的数值计算模型,进行了某边坡区域的初始地应力场反演计算分析,并将结果与实测值进行对比分析,实现了基于工程有限测点实测应力的回归反演。研究成果可为边坡工程设计及稳定性分析的初始地应力场方面提供一定的基础数据。     

构造变形对现今地应力方向的影响

现今地应力方向在油气行业具有举足轻重的地位,在油气藏开发方案的编制、储层的改造以及注水开发的过程中,都需要考虑到现今地应力方向的因素。而现今地应力方向又极易受到构造变形的影响,因此,分析和研究构造变形对现今地应力方向的影响具有很强的现实意义,并且在分析其影响时也应该注意采用多种测量方法进行测量,对影响因素的考虑也需要保证全面、合理。本文将从地应力方向研究现状入手进行分析,并阐明构造变形所在区域现今地应力方向的确定。以期为后续施工提供更加严谨、可靠的理论支持,促进工程更加安全、稳定的进行。     

多元回归结合有限元模拟储层构造地应力场

如何确定储层构造地应力场,是油田急需解决的实际课题.本文提出用多方程多元回归分析方法分析构造地应力场,在有限元地质模型上施加不同的边界荷载,模拟地应力场的不同影响因素所产生的构造应力,并在现场地应力实测资料基础上,运用多元回归反演方法,预测了不同井位所在储层的地应力值,结果表明误差不超过5％.表明该方法具有较高的精确度,可用于工程实际.     

新安煤矿初始地应力场反演模拟与特征分析

初始地应力场是煤矿开采工程设计和安全性分析的重要依据,通常工程区实测地应力点较少,必须在有限的地应力资料基础上,采用反演分析方法获得整个工程区地应力场。基于现场地应力实测资料,结合新安煤矿地形地貌条件和地质结构特征,研究了新安煤矿地应力场分布特征;在此基础上采用有限差分数学模型多元回归方法,进行了新安煤矿六七采区地应力场三维反演分析研究,获得了该区域地应力分布规律和影响因素的认识。结果表明,新安煤矿地应力场分布受构造应力和地质构造的综合影响,褶曲、断层等构造因素影响显著。     

某修复工具的介绍及套管整形修复的计算机仿真

本文采用ANSYS软件对中原油田在地应力作用下的油水井套管对称变形进行了计算分析,建立了符合工程实际的力学模型,计算出套管的变形形状以及极限位移和临界载荷.然后对油水井套管的某修复工具进行力学分析和有限元计算仿真,得到了与中原油田实测数据相符的结论,最后提出了采用ANSYS软件中的非线性弹簧单元模拟地应力的方法,得到利用该修复工具对损坏套管进行整形修复的计算机仿真结果,对变形套管进行整形修复的工程实际应用有着重要的意义。     

柴北缘山前构造带地应力研究

柴北缘山前构造带地应力强且复杂,对本地区油气成藏及勘探开发有重大影响,迫切需要对本地区的地应力进行精细的分析研究,建立符合本地区的地应力模型。本文选取石油大学黄荣樽教授的黄氏模型,结合柴北缘山前构造带具体岩石力学参数,地层压力,构造应力系数等地应力计算的关键参数,进行了单井纵向上的连续的地应力的计算。通过与声发射实验所得的地应力数值及水利压裂资料的地应力值对比表明,该方法有较高的可信度,可以推广使用。     

油藏地应力特征在低渗透油田开发设计中的应用

地应力的油藏的开发具有很大的影响,地应力会影响油藏。所以,在油藏的开发中离不开地应力的研究,地应力是油藏开发的重要的依据。地应力的研究有利于定向井、优化压裂设计、开发井网等。只有充分了解地应力有利于高效和迅速的开发地渗透油田。有多油层低渗透油田大部分分布在他哈拉地区,他哈拉的地形和油田的分布复杂多样的变化,对此为了充分设计好勘探开发,要充分了解地应力的特征,在充分了解地应力的情况下才有可能良好的开发油田,在不破化地理环境的情况下,油田得到了有效的开发。本文对油藏地应力特征在低渗透油田开发设计中的应用进行了研究和探讨。     

利用测井资料分析川东北地区地应力方向

利用测井资料是分析地应力方向的有效方法。本文在介绍地应力方向测井资料分析方法的基础上,分别利用井眼崩落法、压裂诱导缝法分析了川东北某构造的陆海相地层地应力方向,该区地应力最大主应力方向整体表现为近东西向。     

地应力分析技术研究与应用

岩石力学和地应力参数是油气田开发中的重要研究对象,也是三维水力压裂设计不可缺少的数据。通常地应力参数是通过室内试验、地应力测试、应用测井资料计算等方法来确定。相比其他两种方法,应用测井资料确定地应力具有数据连续,成本低廉的优势。通过总结分析岩石力学参数以及地应力的数学模型,利用相应的计算机软件,结合实例研究杨氏模量、泊松比、地应力等的变化规律。结果表明,所建立的模型准确可靠,计算所得的数据可以用来指导水力压裂施工设计。     

综合应用测井资料分析现今地应力方向

地应力在油气勘探、开发和钻井工程中有着广泛的应用前景,地应力测量也是较为完善的地震预报方法之一。本文介绍了用测井资料确定现今地应力方向的主要方法,并且分析了各种方法的技术优势和适用条件,对于应用测井资料分析现今地应力方向具有指导意义。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.