MgO在NaY沸石上的分散及其催化性能

采用微波辐射方法将ＭｇＯ直接分解在ＮａＹ沸石上,从而获得强碱性活性位。ＭｇＯ／ＮａＹ具有耐水冲刷性,克服了通常负载型固体碱在水中易流失的弱点,并在２７３Ｋ的顺式－２－丁烯异构化反应中具有催化活性。     

介孔Ni/MgO催化剂催化水蒸气重整生物质油制氢

采用水热法制备了介孔MgO作为催化剂的载体,并制备了介孔Ni/MgO催化剂。利用N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、H₂-TPR等对样品进行表征,并考察了介孔Ni/MgO催化水蒸气重整糠醛、生物质油模型物和两种商用生物质油制氢的活性。结果表明,在介孔Ni/MgO催化剂催化水蒸气重整糠醛制氢反应中,随着反应温度的提高,水蒸气重整糠醛中糠醛的转化率、氢气的产率和氢气的选择性,都呈现递增的趋势。在反应温度提高到600℃时,糠醛的转化率和氢气的产率分别达到94.9%和83.2%。Ni/MgO催化水蒸气重整二组分模拟生物质油,糠醛/乙酸、糠醛/羟基丙酮制氢的反应中,氢气的产率分别达到87.3%和86.8%,均高于水蒸气重整糠醛反应中氢气的产率。由此表明,乙酸或羟基丙酮的存在,提高了模拟生物质油中主要有机物组分糠醛的转化率,并相应地提高了氢气的产率。在水蒸气重整商用生物质油制氢反应中,随着反应物水碳比(S/C(molar ratio)=5、10、15、20、25)的提高,主要有机物的转化率、氢气的产率和选择性呈现出增加的趋势。在水碳比为20时,两种生物质油的主要有机...     

脯氨酸催化丙酮与异丁醛不对称直接Aldol反应的DFT研究

采用密度泛函DFT-B3LYP方法计算研究了(S)-脯氨酸催化丙酮和异丁醛的不对称直接羟醛缩合(A l-dol)反应,得到了两种烯胺中间体及立体控制步骤中的四个立体异构过渡态的优化构型和相对能量,解释了该不对称反应的立体选择性.     

纳米NaY分子筛的合成及其催化柴油加氢改质性能

在系统考察添加阳离子表面活性剂、凝胶陈化以及晶化温度和晶化时间等因素对NaY分子筛细化影响的基础上,对纳米NaY分子筛的合成规律进行了研究;合成出了n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=4.5,BET比表面积为620m2/g,孔容为0.34 cm3/g,微孔集中分布在0.55 nm附近,粒度分布范围在100 nm以内的纳米NaY分子筛.并采用XRD、BET、IR、TTEM和NH3-TPD等手段系统表征了纳米NaY分子筛的微观结构.分别采用合成的纳米NaY分子筛和微米NaY分子筛为原料制备负载型Ni-Mo-P催化剂,并以FCC柴油为原料,考察了催化剂的加氢改质性能,结果表明,与微米NaY分子筛基负载型Ni-Mo-P催化剂相比,纳米NaY分子筛基负载型Ni-Mo-P催化剂,在加氢脱氮率、密度和十六烷值相当的情况下,其加氢脱硫率较高,柴油收率较高.     

La2O3/γ-Al2O3在柠檬醛与丙酮缩合反应中的催化性能研究

用La2O3负载量不同的La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化柠檬醛和丙酮反应,采用GS/MS、LC/MS、13C NMR等方法鉴定反应产物,并研究了La2O3负载量对反应产物分布、La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构性质和酸碱性质的影响.得出以下结论:La2O3是以无定形态负载在γ-Al2O3上;随着La2O3负载量的增加,催化剂比表面积减少,孔径分布趋于均一.La2O3/γ-Al2O3表面增加的弱酸位点密度有利于柠檬醛转化率的提高,增加的中强碱位点密度有利于PSI产率提高;而强碱位点的形成和密度增加对柠檬醛自身缩合生成PCS有促进作用.催化剂循环使用性较好.     

MgO/HZSM-5中MgO分散状态和催化性能的关系

以硝酸镁、醋酸镁为前身物,通过浸渍法制备了不同系列MgO/ HZSM-5催化剂,用XRD、XPS方法研究了MgO在HZSM-5上的分散状态,用NH3-TPD方法考察了催化剂的酸性,用常压连续流动微型反应装置考察MgO/ HZSM-5在甲苯甲醇烷基化反应中的催化性能.发现前身物不同,MgO在HZSM-5上的分散状态也不同,催化剂的活性和选择性与MgO分散状态密切相关.MgO负载量相同时,在以硝酸镁为前身物制备的催化剂中,MgO在HZSM-5内外表面均有分散,催化剂的对位选择性较高,而活性较低;在以醋酸镁为前身物制备的催化剂中,MgO较多分布在HZSM-5外表面,催化剂的活性较高,但选择性较低.使用醋酸镁为前身物,通过二次浸渍和高温水汽处理,适当改变MgO在分子筛表面的分布并使孔道窄化,可在活性降低较少的情况下显著提高催化剂对二甲苯选择性.     

新型生物燃料5-乙氧基甲基糠醛的合成进展

5-乙氧基甲基糠醛(EMF)被认为是可替代化石能源的非常有前途的新型液态生物燃料,近年来由生物质资源制备EMF引起了国内外越来越广泛的关注。目前开发的合成EMF途径主要以糖类化合物(如果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、菊糖等)为原料,在乙醇溶剂中通过酸催化反应获得。本文针对EMF合成的化学反应过程及最新研究进展进行了综述,着重从反应起始原料、催化合成技术、催化行为与特点、过程经济可行性等方面对其进行评述和对比,并分析了目前工业规模转化生物质资源合成EMF仍面临的科学难点,对今后该领域的研究前景进行了展望,指出未来研究应朝着反应高效化、环境友好化及资源可持续利用方向深入开展。     

粉末化学镀负载型NiB/MgO非晶态合金及其加氢催化性能

粉末化学镀负载型NiB/MgO非晶态合金及其加氢催化性能;NiB/MgO;非晶态合金;粉末化学镀;环丁烯砜加氢     

葡萄糖还原法制备CuCl/NaY吸附剂及其CO吸附和CO/H2分离性能

以NaY分子筛为载体,CuCl2为铜源,加入还原剂葡萄糖,在温和条件下制备CuCl/NaY吸附剂,通过变压吸附考察了该吸附剂对CO的吸附性能及CO/H2的分离性能。运用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及程序升温还原（TPR）对吸附剂进行表征,结果表明采用葡萄糖还原法制备CuCl/NaY吸附剂,其制备条件温和,吸附剂表面的亚铜含量高,对CO的吸附及CO/H2的分离性能优越且稳定性好。     

Glucose Isomerization into Fructose Catalyzed by MgO/NaY Catalyst

The MgO/NaY catalysts prepared by impregnation method were used for the conversion of glucose to fructose in water medium.The effects of MgO loading, reaction temperature, glucose concentration and reaction time on the catalytic performance for the reaction were studied.The activity testing results indicated that fructose could be generated effectively by controlling the components of the catalyst and reaction conditions.The maximal fructose yield of 33.8% with the selectivity of 67.3% was achieved over the 10% MgO/NaY catalyst at 100 ℃ for 2 h.Moreover, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, and CO₂-TPD techniques.The structural property of NaY with higher surface area facilitated glucose conversion, and the modulated basicity of the catalyst with MgO addition contributed to the formation of fructose in the tautomerization of aldose to ketose.     

Production of submicron-size monodisperse polymer particles having aldehyde groups by seeded aldol condensation polymerization

Submicron-size monodisperse polystyrene/polyglutaraldehyde composite particles having aldehyde groups at the surfaces were produced by seeded aldol condensation polymerization of glutaraldehyde in the presence of polystyrene particles prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. This technique is expected to be useful for the production of size-controlled polymer particles having aldehyde groups.Part CXXXVI of the series Studies on Suspension and Emulsion     

Rh/NaY催化剂上合成气选择一步生成乙酸

在合成气(CO+H₂)催化转化反应中,含适当助剂(如Mn、Fe、V等)的负载型Rh催化剂能够有选择地催化生成C₂含氧化合物,某些氧化物载体本身也会成为Rh催化剂的助剂^[1～3].     

Production of submicron-size monodisperse polymer particles having aldehyde groups by the seeded aldol condensation polymerization of glutaraldehyde (II)

Submicron-size monodisperse polystyrene/polyglutaraldehyde (PS/PGLA) composite particles having aldehyde groups at the surfaces were produced by the seeded aldol condensation polymerization of glutaraldehyde at various temperatures of 040°C. Since a part of aldehyde groups was consumed by the Cannizzaro reaction (hemiacetal formation) as a intermolecular reaction of PGLA, the amount of aldehyde groups on PS/PGLA composite particles was varied by the competition between the aldol condensation reaction and the Cannizzaro reaction at the various temperatures.Part CXXXIX of the series Studies on Suspension and Emulsion     

Highly selective synthesis of 3-methylindole from glycerol and aniline over Cu/NaY modified by K2O

The vapor-phase synthesis of 3-methylindole from glycerol and aniline over Cu/NaY modified by K2O was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and the temperature- programmed desorption of ammonia （NH3-TPD）. The effect of the reaction temperature on the activity and selectivity of Cu]NaY-K2O catalyst was also investigated. The results indicated that the addition of K2O to Cu/NaY increased the selectivity of the catalyst remarkably because the amount of middle-strong acid sites decreased clearly. The decrease of the reaction temperature was beneficial for the increase of 3- methylindole selectivity. Over Cu/NaY-K2O, the selectivity of 3-methylindole reached 75% and the yield of the target product was up to 47% at 220 ℃. A probable catalytic mechanism for the synthesis of 3- methylindole from glycerol and aniline was proposed.     

Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol over ZnO/NaY catalyst

Propylene carbonate (PC) was produced from 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG) and urea in a continuous-flow fixed bed reactor over heterogeneous ZnO catalyst supported on NaY. Among different ZnO loadings of ZnO/NaY catalysts, 5 wt% ZnO loadings of ZnO/NaY showed the highest activity. Characterization and reaction results indicated that the catalysts with a balanced strength of acid and base sites performed well for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-PG.     

Rh/SiO~2和Rh/NaY催化剂上合成气反应的高压原位 红外光谱研究

采用高压原位FT-IR技术,对比研究了CO加H~2反应条件下Rh/SiO~2和Rh/NaY催化剂表面反应中间物种。在Rh/SiO~2表面上,无论在常压还是在1.0MPa合成气中,只观察到线式和桥式吸附CO。而在常压合成气中,Rh/NaY上不仅存在上述CO吸附物种,而且还有孪生型的Rh(Ⅰ)(CO)~2和少量Rh~6(CO)~1~6;当合成气压力升至1.0MPa后,Rh(Ⅰ)(CO)~2迅速转化成Rh~6(CO)~1~6和在2042cm^-^1产生吸收的单核羰基Rh物种,与此同时催化剂表面还生成了单齿和双齿乙酸根物种;这些在高压下生成的物种在合成气压力重新降回到常压时依然稳定存在。研究Rh/NaY上合成气反应表面物种与H~2的反应行为表明单齿乙酸根很可能是反应的活性中间物。这些结果说明Rh/NaY催化剂在高压合成气中的重构是诱发选择生成乙酸反应的基础。     

Production of hydrogen-rich gas and multi-walled carbon nanotubes from ethanol decomposition over molybdenum modified Ni/MgO catalysts

A series of molybdenum modified Ni/MgO catalysts(Ni-Mo/MgO) with different loading ratios of Ni : Mo were prepared by impregnation method. Ethanol decomposition to co-produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen-rich gas at temperatures of 600–800 ℃ was investigated over the synthesized Ni-Mo/MgO catalysts. The results showed that the catalytic activity depended strongly on the reaction temperature and loading ratio of Ni : Mo. According to the gaseous and solid products obtained, the reaction pathways for ethanol decomposition were suggested.     

Production of hydrogen-rich gas and multi-walled carbon nanotubes from ethanol decomposition over molybdenum modified Ni/MgO catalysts

A series of molybdenum modified Ni/MgO catalysts(Ni-Mo/MgO) with different loading ratios of Ni : Mo were prepared by impregnation method. Ethanol decomposition to co-produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen-rich gas at temperatures of 600–800 ℃ was investigated over the synthesized Ni-Mo/MgO catalysts. The results showed that the catalytic activity depended strongly on the reaction temperature and loading ratio of Ni : Mo. According to the gaseous and solid products obtained, the reaction pathways for ethanol decomposition were suggested.