Stream Function Wave Derived by Unified Variational Principle of Water Gravity Wave

Based on the linear wave,solitary wave and fifth order stokes wave derived by use of the Uni-fied Variational Principle of Water Gravity Wave(UVPWGW),this paper derives stream function wavetheory by using UVPWGW.This paper will handle the Kinematic Free Surface Boundary Condition(KFSBC)and Dynamic Free Surface Boundary Condition(DFSBC)directly and give the optimum solu-tion,instead of the conditions ∑(Q_(av)-Q_i)~2=min,and the related equations of stational condition.When the wave height H,period T and water depth D are given,the original stream function wave willbe determined,and can not be adjusted if it does not agree with the real case;in the present method,the ad-justment can be done by adding several constraint conditions,for example,the wave profile can be ad-justed according to the condition of accurate peak position.The examples given in this paper show that forthe original stream function wave,the DFSBC can be fairly well satisfied,but the KFSBC can not;howev-er,the stream function wave derive     

水淘选颗粒物分级方法的研究与应用

依据斯托克斯原理制作了水淘选颗粒物分级装置,考察了流量对于颗粒物分级的影响,确定了适宜的操作流量。同时在选定的实验条件下对现场悬浮颗粒物进行了分级,并用吸管法对方法的分级效率进行了检验。结果表明,水淘选装置对悬浮颗粒物各粒级颗粒物的分级效率在50%~95%之间,分级效果较好。同时运用建立的方法对在长江、长江口以及黄河获得的悬浮颗粒物进行了现场分级,获得了不同粒级悬浮颗粒物,并进而采用改进的SEDEX方法进行了磷的赋存形态分析,结果表明:有机磷、自生磷灰石磷主要存在于细颗粒物中,而碎屑磷则主要集中粗颗粒物中。     

海面噪声场条件下声压与振速的空间互相关函数

介绍了海面噪声场条件下的声压与质点振速的时空相关函数。论证了海面噪声场垂直与水平方向噪声的各向异性程度。结果表明,在垂直于海平面的方向上,噪声场表现为各向异性;在与海面的水平方向上,噪声场表现为各向同性。结果表明,各向同性噪声场条件下基于矢量水听器被动检测的声纳系统目标水平方位角估计是基本可靠的,但垂直方位角的计算需要修正。     

波面极大值处水质点水平速度的统计分布

基于Ｌｏｎｇｕｅｔ－Ｈｉｇｇｉｎｓ提出的线性随机海浪模型,导出了波面极大值处水质点水平速度的统计分布。分布的形式类似于波面极大值的统计分布,其中引入了一个新的谱宽度参量εｕ为１－ｍ２３ｍ２ｍ４１２。当εｕ趋于零时,导出的分布函数为瑞利分布;当εｕ趋于１时,则为正态分布。在窄谱情形下εｕ趋于１２ε,其中ε为１－ｍ２２ｍ０ｍ４１２,为常用的谱宽度参量     

Weibull分布参数的粒子群算法估计

基于广西涠洲岛海洋监测站3个方向的年极值波高观测资料,在假设其服从Weibull分布的基础上,运用最小二乘法,矩估计法和最速下降法对Weibull分布的参数进行估计,同时引入粒子群算法确定Weibull分布的3个参数,对文中4种方法得出的拟合结果及运算效率进行比较分析,说明了粒子群算法在估计极值分布参数中的优势.     

P-Vector Spirals and Determination of Absolute Velocities

A simple method to invert the absolute geostrophic velocity on potential-density surfaces is developed based on McDougall's (1988) conservation statements on potential-density surfaces and Chu's (1995) and McDougall's (1995) P-vector concept. This method has a capability to handle a system with diapycnal velocities and non-coincidence of potential-density and neutral surfaces. The validity of the inversion is the existence of the P-vector spirals instead of the existence of the velocity spirals (usually called the -spirals). We use a climatological T,S dataset for the Atlantic Ocean from the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) to show the benefit of using P-vector spirals in inverting the velocity field.     

Interaction of Streamwise and Wall-Normal Velocities in Combined Wave-Current Motion

The aim of this paper is to present an analytical expression for the streamwise velocity distribution in a non-uniform flow in the presence of waves; the correlation between the horizontal and vertical velocity components has been compreheusively examined. Different from previous researches which attributed the deviation of velocity from the classical log-law to the wave Reynolds stress, i.e. - ρ uv^- only, this study demonstrates that the momentum flux caused by mean velocities, i.e., u^- and v^-, is also responsible for the velocity deviation, and it is found that the streamwise velocity for a flow in the presence of non-zero wall-normal velocity does not follow the classical log-law, but the modified log-law proposed in this study based on simplified mixing-length theorem. The validity of the modified log-law has been verified by use of available experimental data from published sources for combined wave-current flows, and good agreement between the predicted and observed velocity profiles has been achieved.     

Empirical relationship between sea surface temperature and water vapor: Improvement of the physical model with remote sensing derived data

We have improved the previous model quantifying the bulk relationship between two key geophysical parameters, sea surface temperature (SST) and water vapor (WV) based on 14-year accumulated datasets. This improvement is achieved by the modification of the physical model derived by Stephens in 1990 and Gaffen et al. in 1992. With this improved model, we estimated WV between 2002 and 2004 using historical SST measurements. The estimated WV was compared with those derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) observation and National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) reanalysis. Discrepancies of −1.16 mm and 3.19 mm with TMI-and NCEP-derived WV were obtained, respectively, suggesting a reliable retrieval of WV using the improved model. The improved model can potentially be used to calibrate and validate the WV measurements from other observations or model reanalyses, given that the accurate measurement of WV over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales has been a challenging task hitherto. Due to the limited time span of the current data, the temporal variation of WV in parts of the tropical oceans is not captured in this improved model, which we should study further with additional accumulation of SST and WV datasets in the future.     

中国黄渤海沉积物声速与物理性质研究

In order to investigate the correlation between a sound velocity and sediment bulk properties and explore the influence of frequency dependence of the sound velocity on the prediction of the sediment properties by the sound velocity,a compressional wave velocity is measured at frequencies of 25–250 k Hz on marine sediment samples collected from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in laboratory,together with the geotechnical parameters of sediments.The results indicate that the sound velocity ranges from 1.232 to 1.721 km/s for the collected sediment samples with a significant dispersion within the series measuring frequency.Poorly sorted sediments are highly dispersive nearly with a positive linear relationship.The porosity shows a better negative logarithmic correlation with the sound velocity compared with other geotechnical parameters.Generally,the sound velocity increases with the increasing of the average particle size,sand content,wet and dry bulk densities,and decreasing of the clay content,and water content.An important point should be demonstrated that the higher correlation can be obtained when the measuring frequency is low within the frequency ranges from 25 to 250 k Hz since the inhomogeneity of sediment properties has a more remarkably influence on the laboratory sound velocity measurement at the high frequency.     

转移矩阵未知时带乘性噪声系统的自适应滤波算法

针对带乘性噪声系统状态转移矩阵未知的情况,提出1种在线性最小方差意义下的系统参数和状态联合滤波算法。以迭代方式获得模型参数和系统状态的递推估计:首先,利用之前时刻的状态估计值,根据投影定理,对系统未知参数即系统状态转移矩阵作出估计;其次,利用已得到的系统参数估计值,获取当前时刻的状态滤波。计算机仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

Fast Evaluation of Time-Domain Green Function for Finite Water Depth

1 .IntroductionShipsrestrainedbycablesandfendersinfrontofdocksundergolargeamplitudenon harmonicmotionsinwaves.Forthiskindofnon harmonicproblem ,atime domainmethodmustbeapplied .LinandYue ( 1 990 )usedanintegralequationwiththetime domainGreenfunctionforinfinitewaterdepthtocomputetheshipmotionindeepwater.Butforthepresentproblem ,theintegralequationwiththetime domainGreenfunctionforfinitewaterdepthmustbeapplied .TheGreenfunctionisafieldwithacertainboundaryandinitialconditionsproducedbyasourceat…     

Modeling of Motion of Particle Clouds Formed by Dumping Dredged Material

The motion of particle clouds formed by dumping dredged material into quiescent waters is experimentally and numerically studied. In the numerical model, the particle phase is modeled by the dispersion model, and turbulence is calculated by the large eddy simulation. The governing equations, including the filtered Navier-Stokes equations and mass transport equation, are solved based on the operator-splitting algorithm and an implicit cubic spline interpolation scheme. The eddy viscosity is evaluated by the modified Smagorinsky model including the buoyancy term. Comparisons of main flow characteristics, including shape, size, average density excess, moving speed and the amount of particles deposited on the bed, between experimental and computational results show that the numerical model well predicts the motion of the cloud from the falling to spreading stage. The effects of silt-fence on the motion of the particle cloud are also investigated.     

Heat Transfer Coefficient between Ice Cover and Water in the Bohai Sea

The calculative method of heat transfer coefficient between ice cover and water is analyzed considering the heat balance at ice cover bottom firstly. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated with the meteorological, oceanographic data and sea ice conditions measured on the JZ20-2 Oil/Gas Platform in the Bohai Sea during the winter of 1997/1998. From the results, it is shown that the heat transfer coefficient is smaller in the freezing and melting periods, which is about 0.16× 10-3 and 0.04× 10-3 respectively. In the middle of ice season, the heat transfer coefficient has a larger value, which is about 0.5 × 10-3. Lastly, the influences of ice thickness and ice type on the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. With the heat transfer coefficient determined above, the oceanic heat flux in the winter of 1997～1998 is calculated, and its trend in the winter is analyzed. This study can be referenced in the sea ice numerical simulation and prediction in the Bohai Sea.     

两类热带气旋在南海的移动速度

统计分析最近23a资料,得出热带气旋在南海的移动速度平均为3．3纬度,日,其中西太平洋热带气旋较快,达3．9纬度,日,南海热带气旋较慢,仅2．8纬度,日。两类热带气旋都是在7月最快。过去一天移动速度快于平均值,未来一天容易减慢,反之容易加快。西太平洋热带气旋以减慢为主,南海热带气旋以加快为主。天气系统对热带气旋移动速度影响较大。     

大辽河流域水生态系统功能区划研究

为了明确大辽河流域范围内主要的生态环境问题、生态环境脆弱区和对流域生态安全非常重要的区域,根据流域湿地景观格局的变化及驱动机制分析、流域生态环境敏感性评价和水生态系统服务功能重要性评价,运用定性分区与定量分区相结合的方法和自下而上的划分方法得到大辽河流域水生态系统功能分区图,将大辽河流域划分成5个一级区和13个生态亚区。按照"水体类型+干扰类型+功能类型"对每个生态功能区进行命名,明确了每一个生态功能区的特征,为大辽河流域产业布局、生态环境保护与规划建设提供了科学依据。     

Nonlinear Effect of Wave Propagation in Shallow Water

—In this paper,a nonlinear model is presented to describe wave transformation in shallow wat-er with the zero-vorticity equation of wave-number vector and energy conservation equation.Thenonlinear effect due to an empirical dispersion relation(by Hedges)is compared with that of Dalrymple＇sdispersion relation.The model is tested against the laboratory measurements for the case of a submergedelliptical shoal on a slope beach,where both refraction and diffraction are significant.The computation re-sults,compared with those obtained through linear dispersion relation.show that the nonlinear effect ofwave transformation in shallow water is important.And the empirical dispersion relation is suitable for re-searching the nonlinearity of wave in shallow water.     

长江口北槽细颗粒悬沙絮凝体的沉降速率的近似估算

利用都必须学法获得了长江口北槽口内、外2个站位的悬沙浓度垂线分布资料，通过Rouse公式拟合法，计算了分别与它们相对应的絮凝体沉降速率。计算结果表明：（1）长江口北槽细颗粒悬沙絮凝体沉降速率主要集中在1.0-3.0mm s^-1；（2）北槽口内，平均悬沙浓度与絮凝体沉降速率的关系；ωx=1.14-↑C^1.03；（3）北槽口内，控制絮凝体沉降速率的物理因素是平均悬沙浓度，而北槽口外，影响絮凝体沉降速率的物理因素为盐度和悬沙颗粒粒径。     

由TSRB辐射计数据估算海面离水辐亮度的经验方法

为建立基于经验统计的TSRB辐射计数据估算离水辐亮度的方法,利用SeaBASS数据库中640多个现场测量的辐亮度和辐照度光谱剖面数据,建立向上辐亮度衰减系数K_(lu)的经验算法.此算法为幂指数形式,输入变量为水下0.65 m的向上辐亮度(490 nm)与海面上向下的辐照度(555 nm或665 nm)之比(即为TSRB直接测量的两个参数).当水体较清时,输入为蓝绿波段之比,当水混浊时,采用蓝红波段之比.获得了K_(lu)后,海面以上的辐亮度(离水辐亮度)由z=0.65 m处的辐亮度外推获得.初步的检验结果表明,该方法对一类和二类水域都有很好性能,且算法实现简单,运行速度快.