反应等离子喷涂TiN/AlN涂层在润滑状态下摩擦磨损性能的研究

对用反应等离子喷涂法制备的TiN／AlN涂层在油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损特征进行了研究，并就轻、重载荷下的磨损机理进行了探讨。结果表明：油润滑条件下，涂层磨损体积显著降低。在轻载荷下，以疲劳磨损为主；在重载荷下，以脆性剥落和磨粒磨损为主。     

高铝铜合金粗粉超音速等离子喷涂层的边界润滑摩擦特性

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢基体上制备高铝铜合金粗粉涂层,对涂层进行边界润滑摩擦实验,分析涂层的摩擦磨损特征及表面元素的质量损失。结果发现:涂层的摩擦因数随外加载荷的增加呈逐渐下降趋势;尽管磨损量随载荷的增大逐渐增加,但磨损率呈下降趋势,表明随外加载荷的增加涂层耐磨性能逐渐增强。涂层在中低载荷下以磨粒磨损为主,当载荷达到高载荷540 N时,涂层由磨粒磨损向疲劳磨损转变,并在犁沟边缘发生疲劳磨损的同时表现出轻度的粘着磨损。边界润滑条件下,涂层元素的质量磨损主要表现为Cu元素的损失,磨粒磨损留下的犁沟为O元素进入摩擦界面提供通道,使涂层表面形成微氧化膜。     

高速电弧喷涂3Cr13钢涂层的组织及在含细沙油润滑条件下的磨损性能

为了解决含沙油润滑条件下材料的磨损问题,采用高速电弧喷涂技术制备了3Cr13钢涂层,使用SEM、XRD及MM200摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的组织结构及在含细沙油润滑条件下的磨损性能.结果发现,高速电弧喷涂3Cr13钢涂层组织致密,孔隙率<2%,结合强度>40 MPa,在含细沙油润滑条件下的耐磨性比38CrSi钢提高1.3～1.8倍,高速电弧喷涂3Cr13钢涂层的失效以磨粒磨损和扁平粒子的剥离为主.     

润滑状态对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损特性的影响

在M-2000型摩擦磨损实验机上,对3种C/C复合材料与40Cr钢配副分别在干态、水润滑、油润滑3种条件下的摩擦磨损行为进行了研究.结果表明:在3种润滑条件下,干态摩擦试样的摩擦系数最大,体积磨损最小;基体炭为树脂浸渍炭的试样在3种试样摩擦系数最高,约为0.141～0.205;水润滑时试样的摩擦系数最小,为0.05～0.10,但体积磨损最大,最高可达7.75 mm3油润滑时试样的摩擦系数和体积磨损均介于干态和水润滑之间;干摩擦时,试样的摩擦系数随着载荷增加而缓慢降低,水润滑和油润滑的摩擦系数则随着载荷的增加而先增加后减少;干态摩擦时材料表面形成了完整的摩擦膜,水润滑和油润滑条件下摩擦膜很薄且不完整;所有润滑条件下试样均以磨粒磨损或犁削磨损为主.     

高速电弧喷涂 Mo 涂层性能初探

目的初步研究高速电弧喷涂Mo涂层的综合性能,为进一步发展热喷涂Mo涂层制备工艺提供参考。方法利用高速电弧喷涂设备在45Cr Ni Mo VA钢表面制备Mo涂层,采用场发射扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、显微硬度测试仪及电子万能试验机等对涂层形貌、成分、显微硬度及结合强度进行表征和测试,并结合断口微观形貌对拉伸断裂机理进行分析。采用CETR-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机,在润滑条件下对涂层进行不同载荷的摩擦磨损实验,通过磨损体积及表面磨痕微观形貌分析涂层的摩擦磨损性能及机理。结果 Mo涂层具有一定量的微观孔隙,氧化物含量低,与基体结合牢固可靠,平均显微硬度高达416.3HV0.1,平均内聚强度为22.7 MPa。拉伸断口呈脆性断裂,并伴有半熔融颗粒剥落留下的剥落坑。润滑条件下,涂层在10,30,50 N载荷下的磨损体积分别为1.1×107,4.4×107,5.5×107μm3。结论高速电弧喷涂可成功制备Mo涂层,涂层与基体为机械结合。在润滑条件下,涂层的磨损体积随载荷增大而增大,不同载荷下的磨损机理均以粘着磨损为主。     

润滑条件下WC-CoCr涂层的磨损行为

研究了在润滑条件下,WC-CoCr涂层与SiC摩擦副对磨时的摩擦和磨损性能,分析了加载载荷和润滑条件(干摩擦、润滑脂、金刚石研磨膏)对WC-CoCr涂层摩擦系数和磨损量的影响规律,对涂层的磨损机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明:脂润滑时,WC-CoCr涂层与SiC摩擦副对磨时的摩擦系数和磨损率降为最小,其中摩擦系数基本在0.1左右波动;金刚石研磨膏润滑时,磨损率高达1.521 24×10-6 g/m,为干摩擦条件下的2.68倍,抗磨减摩效果不理想;干摩擦时,涂层表面存在硬挤压痕,主要磨损机制为微切削并伴随着塑性变形,而在金刚石研磨膏润滑条件下,三体磨粒磨损起主导作用。     

不同载荷下镍基自润滑耐磨复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为了拓展所制备的镍基自润滑耐磨复合涂层的应用领域,基于前期研究基础,在HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层在300℃不同载荷下的摩擦磨损行为,利用SEM和EDS对磨损表面进行了形貌观察与成分分析,研究其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:该复合涂层的摩擦系数及磨损率都随着载荷的增大呈现先减小后略增大的趋势;当载荷较低(2 N)时,涂层的磨损表面出现少量分散的磨屑;在中等载荷(5 N)下,磨损表面光滑平整,涂层中的润滑颗粒被挤压出磨损表面形成润滑膜,导致涂层具有良好摩擦磨损性能;随着载荷的增大,达到10 N时,磨损表面出现犁沟及部分由于硬质相碳化物和润滑颗粒剥落而形成的凹坑。     

钼涂层在润滑滑动时磨损载荷的传递机理

在边界润滑条件下对钼涂层与轴承钢之间进行了磨损试验，将结果与淬火碳钢与轴承钢之间滑动磨损以及钼涂层与含硼铸铁之间的磨损进行了对比。试验结果表明，有涂层的试样比没有涂层的淬火碳钢试样耐磨性好。涂层初始表面的形貌促进了润滑剂向摩擦面的直接传输，并且能阻止软的相直接被摩擦。用X射线衍射的方法鉴别了传输润滑液的Mo涂层。这种涂层有原位（自）润滑的效果。涂层与钢配对滑动摩擦的磨损速度比与铸铁配对的磨损速度慢。随着载荷的增加，硬质相开裂和碎裂的可能性增加，直到接触面上连续的硬质相不足以承受所加载荷。还对两对磨擦副的磨损机理进行了讨论。     

超音速等离子喷涂制备Cr_2O_3-16TiO_2陶瓷涂层研究

采用高效能超音速等离子喷涂系统,以实时监测喷涂粒子飞行状态对喷涂工艺进行过程控制,在45号钢基底表面上制备出孔隙率为1.6%左右、显微硬度(HV0.3)达到1 440的Cr2O3-16TiO2复相陶瓷涂层。经摩擦磨损试验,在油润滑条件下陶瓷涂层的摩擦因数随着载荷增加而增大,且涂层的磨损方式以接触疲劳磨损为主,表现出明显的表面划痕特征。     

稀土元素对Cu14AlX涂层组织和摩擦性能的影响

采用气雾水冷方法制备Ce质量分数分别为0和0.6%的Cu14AlX合金粉末,超音速等离子喷涂的方法制备喷涂层,利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM-EDS以及EPMA分析Ce元素对Cu14AlX喷涂层表面组织形貌、合金相结构和化学成分的影响。在边界润滑条件下,比较不同Ce含量下喷涂层摩擦磨损性能,用SEM-EDS分析喷涂层磨损形貌及成分变化。结果表明:Ce的加入可以细化Cu14AlX喷涂层组织,使得Fe元素和K相增多且分布更加均匀,提高了喷涂层的耐磨性。两种喷涂层有不同的磨损形式,随着载荷的增大,不含Ce的喷涂层粘着磨损严重并伴随轻微的磨粒磨损,在高载荷(4.90Mpa)下,由粘着磨损转化为磨粒磨损;含Ce(质量分数)0.6%的喷涂层以轻度磨粒磨损为主,在高载荷下,转变为中度磨粒磨损,部分区域出现加工硬化现象.     

不同黏结剂组分整体PcBN烧结及性能研究

本文运用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和硬度计,分别研究了不同黏结剂的PcBN的微观组织结构、物相、显微硬度及密度/相对密度。分析表明,相同cBN粒度、含量的情况下,AlN及TiN相的存在可有效提高样品硬度,新物相的生成及孔隙的存在对样品的相对密度有较大影响,使用TiN/Al黏结剂的刀片样品S1中只有新相TiB2生成,且烧结较致密,相对密度最大。相同切削参数时,S1刀片后刀面磨损量最小,耐磨性最好,硬度最高;使用AlN/TiN/Al的S2刀片的耐磨性次之;黏结剂组分较多的S3样品的耐磨性最差。切削参数的选择上宜取高切削速度低进给量。     

氮化钛 / 氧化钛复相陶瓷涂层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能

目的研究等离子喷涂Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层的微观组织结构、显微硬度及干滑动摩擦磨损行为和机理。方法采用等离子喷涂技术,在45#钢表面制备Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层。分析涂层的相组成,测试涂层的硬度。通过磨损试验研究Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层的磨损行为,并观察涂层的磨损形貌,测试磨损表面的成分组成,探讨Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层的磨损机理。结果 Ti N/Ti O复相陶瓷涂层均匀致密,平均厚度为350μm,具有明显的层状结构,孔隙率为4.3%,显微硬度为1444HV0.1。在载荷30~50 N、转速370~1102 r/min的范围内,Ti N/Ti O复相涂层与GCr15对磨的摩擦系数为0.0963~0.2778,磨损量为1.32~6.8 mg。随着载荷的增加,摩擦系数下降;随着载荷和转速的增加,磨损量增加。结论等离子喷涂制备的Ti N/Ti O复相涂层组织致密,显微硬度高,在低速低载荷时表现出较好的耐磨性,但随着载荷和转速的增加,耐磨性降低。涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/AlN multilayers deposited by filtered vacuum arc deposition

Nanometer TiN/AlN multilayers were prepared on silicon substrate by filtered vacuum arc deposition.The structures of the nanometer TiN/AlN multilayer were studied by using X-ray diffraction. The 12 nm TiN/AlN multiplayer is composed of cubic TiN structure and hexagonal wurzite AlN structure, but the 2 nm period multilayer is composed of face centered cubic structure TiN and AlN with strong (200) texture. The surface roughness, hardness and elastic modulus of multilayer are dependent on the period of multilayer. The hardness of the TiN/AlN multilayers is higher than that suggested by a simple rule of mixture. The peaking hardness of nanometer TiN/AlN multilayers at period of 2 nm is about 42 GPa, much higher than that of 12 nm. The wear resistance of the nanometer TiN/AlN multilayers was also studied.     

Tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of TiN/TiCN/TiN multilayer coatings

This work employs the PVD process to deposit coatings of single layer TiN, binary layer TiN/TiCN, multilayer TiN⇔⇔N, and sequenced TiN⇔CN⇔N multilayer coatings with variable individual TiN-layer and TiCN-layer thicknesses on tungsten carbide disks and inserts. Also investigated are the fracture mechanisms and the influence of sequence and thickness of these coatings on cylinder-on-disk, line-contact wear mode and ball-on-disk, point-contact wear mode through SRV reciprocating wear tests. Actual milling tests identify wear performance. Experimental results indicate that the coating with a total thickness of 7 Μm and layer sequence TiN/TiCN/TiN exhibits good wear resistance on SRV wear test and milling test. The thickest multilayer TiN/Ti/TiN coating, although having the highest hardness, has the worst wear resistance for all tests. No-tably zero-wear performance was observed for all coating disks under cutting fluid lubricated condition due to the transferred layers formed between the contact interface.     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN与TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiCNO多层涂层的组织性能比较

目的对比TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层的组织性能。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的物相和组织形貌,采用纳米力学测试系统测试涂层顶层的硬度和弹性模量,利用显微维氏硬度计和划痕仪分别测量涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,利用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果顶层TiN晶粒为柱状晶,顶层TiCNO晶粒呈细针状。与顶层TiN相比,顶层TiCNO硬度更大,抗塑性变形能力更强。与以TiN为顶层的多层涂层相比,以TiCNO为顶层的多层涂层表面粗糙度、摩擦系数较大,结合强度较低。当磨损只发生在顶层时,耐磨性取决于顶层涂层的性能,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率为TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的1.2倍。当磨损进行到顶层与Al_2O_3层界面时,结合强度对耐磨性也有重要影响,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率是TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的82%。结论与TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN相比,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的顶层TiCNO硬度较大,抗塑性变形能力强,其顶层耐磨性较好。改善TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO多层涂层表面粗糙度和结合强度将进一步提高该涂层的摩擦磨损性能。     

Characterization and wear properties of nanoscaled TiN/TaN multilayer coatings

The structural, morphological, mechanical and tribological characterization of nanoscaled multilayer TiN/TaN coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering technology were investigated by low angle X-ray diffractometry, high angle X-ray diffractometry, atomic force microscopy, microhardness, pin-on-disc testing and 3-D surface profiler. The results show that the TiN/TaN coatings exhibit good modulation period and sharp interface between TiN and TaN layers. In mutilayered TiN/TaN coatings, TiN layers have cubic structure, but hexagonal structure emerged among TaN layers besides cubic structure as modulation period is beyond 8.5 nm. The mierohardness is affected by modulation period and the maximum hardness value of 31.5 GPa appears at a modulation period of 8.5 rim. The coefficient of friction is high and the wear resistance is improved for TiN/TaN coatings compared with those of TiN coating; the wear mechanism exhibits predominantly ploughing, material transfer and localized spallation.     

Fretting wear behavior of Ti/TiN multilayer film on uranium surface under various displacement amplitudes

Ti/TiN multilayer film was deposited on uranium surface by arc ion plating technique to improve fretting wear behavior. The morphology, structure and element distribution of the film were measured by scanning electric microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Fretting wear tests of uranium and Ti/TiN multilayer film were carried out using pin-on-disc configuration. The fretting tests of uranium and Ti/TiN multilayer film were carried out under normal load of 20 N and various displacement amplitudes ranging from 5 to 100 μm. With the increase of the displacement amplitude, the fretting changed from partial slip regime (PSR) to slip regime (SR). The coefficient of friction (COF) increased with the increase of displacement amplitude. The results indicated that the displacement amplitude had a strong effect on fretting wear behavior of the film. The damage of the film was very slight when the displacement amplitude was below 20 μm. The observations indicated that the delamination was the main wear mechanism of Ti/TiN multilayer film in PSR. The main wear mechanism of Ti/TiN multilayer film in SR was delamination and abrasive wear.     

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of TiB2/TiB/TiNx（x=1,0.3）/Ti Composite Coating Produced on Pure Ti by Laser Surface Alloying

TiB2/TiB/TiNx(x=1,0.3)/Ti composite coating was prepared on pure Ti by laser surface alloying by using powders of boron as starting materials.The composite coating was examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The friction and wear properties of the composite coating were examined using a pin-on-disk tester under dry sliding wear condition.The results showed that the top surface of the composite coating was mainly composed of TiB2,TiB,TiN0.3,TiN and Ti phases,while the interface of the composite coating was composed of TiB and Ti phases.The composite coating showed sticklike structure near the top surface,and dendrites structure near the interface.The friction and wear test showed that the composite coating had better wear resistance than pure Ti due to their higher microhardness than that of pure Ti substrate.     

nc-(Ti,Al)(C,N)/a-SiNx纳米复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

目的 研究Si、C单元素掺杂及其共同掺杂TiAlN涂层对涂层性能的影响.方法 基于阴极电弧+辉光放电技术,在SUS304不锈钢基体及硬质合金刀具上分别制备nc-(Ti,Al)N、nc-(Ti,Al)N/a-SiNx、nc-TiAlCN及nc-TiAlCN/a-SiNx/a-C纳米复合薄膜,通过SEM观察涂层的微观组织形貌,并借助EDS表征涂层的元素成分,用XRD分析涂层的物相构成,探究C、Si元素对涂层生长的影响.采用纳米硬度仪测试涂层的硬度,采用二维轮廓仪及三维形貌仪表征涂层的表面粗糙度及表面形貌,通过滑动摩擦磨损试验测定涂层的耐磨性,用纳米划痕仪表征涂层的摩擦系数及涂层与基体的结合强度,用铣削实验表征涂层的切削性能.结果 该技术制备的TiAlN涂层,内部晶相结构复杂,硬度为29.57 GPa,主要归因于Ti2AlN、Ti2N等硬质相及TiN0.3相的形成降低了涂层的晶格常数.此为首次报道通过物理气相沉积方法制备含TiN0.3相的涂层.TiAlSiN涂层的硬度最高,为37.69 GPa,且耐磨性最好,主要原因是Si的添加起到了细晶强化和晶界强化的作用.C掺杂TiAlN使涂层析出更多非晶相,涂层硬度降低.C、Si元素共同掺杂,使得nc-TiAlCN/a-SiNx/a-C涂层表现出较低的摩擦系数及表面粗糙度,但与基体的结合性能最差,nc-(Ti,Al)N/a-SiNx薄膜的结合强度最好.结论 涂层均提高了基体表面的显微硬度,Si、C元素的掺杂可使涂层的某些性能得以大幅提升,但在实际应用中,还需根据应用需求选择合适的涂层.